Introductory Chemistry, 6e (Tro)

Chapter 19 Biochemistry

19.1 True/False Questions

1) The human genome project was embarked upon in the late 1970s with the goal of mapping the entire
DNA molecule.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

2) Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals and
microorganisms.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

3) The four main classes of biochemical compounds are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

4) The smallest structural unit of a living organism is the cell nucleus.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Learning Outcome: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

5) Carbohydrates provide short term energy storage in cells.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

6) Carbohydrates have the general formula of (CH2O) n.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

7) The structure of a carbohydrate shows that water molecules are connected to carbon atoms.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

8) A carbohydrate that cannot be broken down into simpler carbohydrates is called a monosaccharide.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1
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9) A disaccharide is composed of two monosaccharides connected together by a glycosidic linkage.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

10) The only structural difference between starch and cellulose is the type of linkage between glucose
units.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

11) If a polysaccharide is digested in the body, it will yield many monosaccharide units.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

12) Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

13) Monosaccharides typically rearrange in aqueous solution to form double helix structures.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

14) Fructose is an example of a hexose, a six-carbon sugar.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

15) A pentose sugar contains more carbon atoms than does a hexose sugar.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

16) The many OH groups present in carbohydrates such as glucose make them quite insoluble in water
and blood.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

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17) Humans are better able to digest cellulose rather than starch because of differences in the link between
the glucose units in the polysaccharide.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

18) Lipids are soluble in aqueous solutions such as blood and cytoplasm.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

19) Lipids are considered to be more soluble in water than in other solvents.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

20) The term hydrophilic indicates a substance is repelled by water.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

21) The polar section of a phospholipid is said to be hydrophobic.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

22) The nonpolar part of a phospholipid is repelled by water and is said to be hydrophilic.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G2

23) Fatty acids differ only in their "R" group.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

24) A fatty acid has a long chain of carbon atoms that ends with a carboxylic acid.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

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25) A triglyceride is a fat or oil that contains a fatty acid bonded to three glycerol molecules.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G1

26) Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.4
Global Outcome: G1

27) Enzymes that act as catalysts are called proteins.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.5
Global Outcome: G1

28) Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.5
Global Outcome: G1

29) Amino acids are molecules that contain a side chain, a main chain, an amine group, a carboxylic acid
group and a protein group.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.5
Global Outcome: G1

30) Amino acids link together to form a peptide bond because the amine end of one amino acid reacts
with the carboxylic acid of another amino acid.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.6
Global Outcome: G1

31) A tripeptide consists of three steroids linked together.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.6
Global Outcome: G2

32) Protein structures are expressed in terms of amino acid sequence, the short-term repeating pattern,
the long-term bend and folds and finally how proteins structures interact with themselves.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

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33) Peptide bonds are responsible for the primary protein structure.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G7

34) In the formation of a secondary protein structure, the primary protein structure is destroyed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G2

35) The exact shape that a protein takes depends on the types of amino acids and their sequence in the
protein chain.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

36) Pleated sheet is a tertiary protein structure.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

37) Quaternary protein structure is simply the sequence of amino acids in that protein's chain.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

38) The pattern Gly-Val-Gln-Cys-Cys-Ala-Ser-Val is an example of a primary protein structure.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G2

39) Nucleic acids contain a chemical code that ensures the correct amino acid sequence for proteins.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

40) DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G2

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41) Nucleotides contain a phosphate, a sugar and an amino acid.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

42) A gene is a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

43) DNA contained within the nucleus of most cells contains a complete set of instructions to make all of
the proteins in the human body.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

44) Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosome.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

45) Humans must synthesize some of the proteins they need because they cannot obtain them from the
foods they eat.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

46) The complementary strand of DNA to the pattern GAATC is TCCGA.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

47) The bases on one strand of DNA pair with bases on the other strand of DNA through hydrogen
bonding.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

48) A codon is a section of DNA that specifies a single amino acid.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

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19.2 Multiple Choice Questions

1) The human genome project showed that humans have approximately ________ genes.
A) 46
B) 20,000
C) 36,000
D) 3 Million
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

2) A roundworm has approximately ________ genes.

A) 46
B) 20,000
C) 32,000
D) 3 Million
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

3) The human genome project is expected to:

A) help identify people who are susceptible to certain diseases.
B) produce important drugs in the lab by using the blueprint our body provides.
C) help develop new drugs to fight genetic diseases.
D) help understand the genetic basis for intelligence.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

4) The portion of the cell that contains the genetic information is called ________.
A) cytoplasm
B) membrane
C) nucleus
D) mitochondria
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Learning Outcome: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

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5) The region of the cell that contains specialized structures that carry out the cell's work is called
________.
A) nucleus
B) cell wall
C) cell membrane
D) cytoplasm
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Learning Outcome: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

6) The region of the cell that holds the contents of the cell together is called ________.
A) nucleus
B) mitochondria
C) cell membrane
D) cytoplasm
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Learning Outcome: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

7) Which sequence below lists the order of the components of a cell, listed in order from inside to outside?
A) nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm
B) cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane
C) nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane
D) cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
E) cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Learning Outcome: 19.1
Global Outcome: G2

8) The main chemical components of the cell are ________.

A) carbohydrates, alcohols, proteins and amines
B) alcohols, proteins, amines and nucleic acids
C) proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates
D) amines, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.2
Learning Outcome: 19.1
Global Outcome: G1

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9) An example of a monosaccharide is ________.
A) glucose
B) sucrose
C) cellulose
D) glycogen
E) both C and D
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

10) A seven-carbon sugar is known as:

A) tetrose.
B) sevose.
C) hexose.
D) heptose.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

11) An example of a disaccharide is:

A) glucose.
B) sucrose.
C) cellulose.
D) glycogen.
E) both C and D
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

12) Which of the following is NOT true regarding disaccharides?

A) The disaccharide link is so strong that it cannot be broken during digestion.
B) The link between the monosaccharides is called a glycosidic linkage.
C) Water is eliminated when two monosaccharides react to form a disaccharide.
D) A disaccharide is a carbohydrate composed of two simpler carbohydrates.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

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13) During digestion, sucrose breaks down into ________.
A) glucose and galactose
B) galactose and fructose
C) fructose and lactose
D) glucose and fructose
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

14) An example of a polysaccharide is:

A) glucose.
B) sucrose.
C) cellulose.
D) glycogen.
E) both C and D
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

15) Which of the following statements is FALSE about polysaccharides?

A) They are long chain structures containing large number of repeating monosaccharide units.
B) Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are polysaccharides.
C) Table sugar is a polysaccharide.
D) They break down to produce monosaccharides during digestion.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G7

16) All of the following carbohydrates can be digested by humans EXCEPT:

A) glucose.
B) sucrose.
C) cellulose.
D) glycogen.
E) both C and D
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

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17) Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?
A) monosaccharide
B) disaccharide
C) polysaccharide
D) all of these
E) none of these
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G1

18) All of the carbohydrates below are hexoses EXCEPT:

A) glucose.
B) fructose.
C) galactose.
D) both A and B
E) Glucose, fructose and galactose are all hexoses.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G2

19) The only difference between starch and cellulose is:

A) starch is a linear arrangement of glucose units and cellulose is a branched arrangement of glucose
units.
B) starch is a linear arrangement of sucrose units and cellulose is a linear arrangement of glucose units.
C) starch is a linear arrangement of fructose units and cellulose is a branched arrangement of fructose
units.
D) starch is a linear arrangement of glucose units with alpha linkages and cellulose is a linear
arrangement of glucose units with beta linkages.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.3
Learning Outcome: 19.2
Global Outcome: G7

20) A lipid is a chemical component of the cell that is:

A) insoluble in water but soluble in methanol.
B) soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water.
C) soluble in water and insoluble in nonpolar solvents.
D) soluble in both water and nonpolar solvents.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G7

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21) Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:
A) fatty acids.
B) fats.
C) oils.
D) amino acids.
E) All of the above are lipids.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G2

22) Lipids include all of the following compounds EXCEPT:

A) phospholipids.
B) glycolipids.
C) carboxylic acids.
D) steroids.
E) All of the above are lipids.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G2

23) The type of lipid that contains a four-ring structure and does not contain fatty acids is:
A) glycolipid.
B) steroid.
C) triglyceride.
D) phospholipid.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G2

24) Which of the statements regarding phospholipids is FALSE?

A) A phospholipid has nearly the same structure as a triglyceride.
B) Unlike triglycerides, phospholipids have a polar region.
C) Phospholipids are common in the cell membrane.
D) A cell membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids and glycolipids.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.3
Global Outcome: G7

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25) Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?
A) oleic acid
B) linoleic acid
C) linolenic acid
D) capric acid
E) All of the above are saturated fatty acids.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.4
Global Outcome: G7

26) Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A) oleic acid
B) palmitic acid
C) myristic acid
D) butyric acid
E) All of the above are saturated fatty acids.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.4
Global Outcome: G7

27) Which of the following statements about fats and oils is FALSE?
A) Fats and oils are made of a fatty acid with three glycerides bonded to it.
B) The bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol is an ester linkage.
C) A saturated fatty acid contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
D) An unsaturated fatty acid contains some double or triple bonds.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.4
Global Outcome: G7

28) Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?

A) Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
B) Proteins can act as biological catalysts.
C) Proteins are the structural component of muscle and cartilage.
D) Proteins are a main source of energy for cells.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.5
Global Outcome: G7

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29) Which of the following statements about amino acids is FALSE?
A) Amino acids are the monomers of protein molecules.
B) Amino acids all have an amine group, a side chain, and a carboxylic acid.
C) Amino acids bond to each other through a peptide bond.
D) Amino acids all have very similar physical properties.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.6
Global Outcome: G7

30) Amino acids contain a(n):

A) amine group.
B) carboxylic acid group.
C) "R" side chain.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.6
Global Outcome: G1

31) Which factor causes the main difference in chemical properties between different amino acids?
A) amine group
B) carboxylic acid group
C) R group (side chain)
D) molecular weight
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.6
Global Outcome: G1

32) Which of the following statements correctly explains the formation of a peptide bond between two
amino acids?
A) The amine end of one links with the amine end of the other.
B) The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other.
C) The amine end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water molecule.
D) The carboxylic acid end of one links with the carboxylic acid end of the other and eliminates a water
molecule.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.5
Learning Outcome: 19.6
Global Outcome: G7

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33) Which protein structure provides the amino acid sequence?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

34) Which protein structure provides the arrangement of polypeptides?

A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

35) Which protein structure provides the large-scale bends and folds in the protein?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

36) Which protein structure provides the short-range repeating patterns?

A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

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37) The most common repeating pattern that is found along the secondary structure of a protein chain is:
A) α-helix.
B) β-pleated sheet.
C) β-turn.
D) random coil.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

38) The primary interactions that determine the tertiary structure of proteins include:
A) hydrogen bonds.
B) disulfide linkages.
C) hydrophobic interactions.
D) all of A, B, and C
E) none of A, B, and C
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G2

39) Cys-Ala-Val-Cys-Gln is an example of which type of structure?

A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G2

40) A globular shape is an example of which type of structure?

A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

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41) An alpha helix is an example of which type of structure?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

42) Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that are
separated by long distances on the same chain?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

43) Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that are on
separate chains?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

44) Which type of structure is maintained by interaction between R-groups on amino acids that are
separated by short distances on the same chain?
A) Primary Structure
B) Secondary Structure
C) Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
E) Pental Structure
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G1

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45) Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is FALSE?
A) Nucleic acids contain the code to make lipids.
B) Nucleic acids specify the order of amino acids in proteins.
C) Nucleic acids are either DNA or RNA.
D) Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G7

46) Which base is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?

A) uracil
B) thymine
C) guanine
D) cytosine
E) adenine
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G2

47) A nucleotide contains:

A) phosphate, sugar, amino acid.
B) phosphate, lipid, base.
C) phosphate, lipid, amino acid.
D) phosphate, sugar, base.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

48) A codon is:

A) a series of three bases that specifies one of the twenty amino acids.
B) a series of three phosphates that specifies one of the twenty amino acids.
C) a series of three sugars that specifies one of the twenty amino acids.
D) a series of three proteins that specify one of the twenty amino acids.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

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49) A gene is:
A) a structure within the cell nucleus that houses DNA.
B) a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.
C) a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a single amino acid.
D) a portion of a protein that codes for a single amino acid.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

50) A chromosome is:

A) a structure within the cell nucleus that houses genes.
B) a portion of DNA that codes for a single protein.
C) a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for a single amino acid.
D) a portion of a protein that codes for a single amino acid.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G1

51) Which sequence below represents the correct base pairs that can exist in DNA?
A) A with T and C with G
B) A with C and T with G
C) A with G and C with T
D) A with U and T with G
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

52) The complementary base sequence to GTAGCT is:

A) CATCGA.
B) ACGATC.
C) GCAGTA.
D) AGTCGA.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

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53) The structure of DNA is:
A) the pleated sheet.
B) the alpha helix.
C) the beta helix.
D) the double helix.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

54) The synthesis of a protein involves:

A) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the nucleus to synthesize the protein.
B) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the mitochondria to synthesize the protein.
C) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the ribosome to synthesize the protein.
D) DNA transfers the code to m-RNA which then goes to the codon to synthesize the protein.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

55) The two strands that form the double helix of DNA are held to each other by:
A) peptide bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) ester linkages.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

56) If a segment of the double helix of DNA is analyzed and is found to contain 10,000 units of the base
adenine (A), then this segment must also contain:
A) 10,000 units of the base uracil (U).
B) 10,000 units of the base thymine (T).
C) 10,000 units of the base cytosine (C).
D) 5,000 units of the base thymine (T).
E) 5,000 units of the base cytosine (C).
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

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57) The "m" in the term mRNA represents:
A) meta.
B) mini.
C) mitosis.
D) messenger.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G1

19.3 Algorithmic Questions

1) How many total number of DNA bases are needed to code for the amino acids in a protein containing
27 amino acids?
A) 9
B) 27
C) 81
D) 4
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 19.7
Learning Outcome: 19.8
Global Outcome: G7

2) A section of DNA contains the bases ACGTC, so the correct sequence in the complementary strand is:
A) CATGA
B) UGCAG
C) TGCAG
D) GTACT
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 4 Page Ref: 19.8
Learning Outcome: 19.9
Global Outcome: G2

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19.4 Essay Questions

1) It is expected that the Human Genome Project, by mapping DNA, can lead to the development of new
drugs in two ways. Briefly explain how new drugs can be developed as a result of the Human Genome
Project.
Answer:
1. Understanding of the function of specific genes will allow scientists to design drugs that will carry out
the functions related to the genes.
2. Scientists can also take the blueprints contained in human genes and put them in bacteria which will
synthesize the needed drugs. Such drugs are then isolated from the bacteria and given to patients.
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.1
Global Outcome: G8

2) What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer: The carbon chains in saturated fatty acids do not contain double bonds while unsaturated fatty
acids contain at least one double bond.
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.4
Learning Outcome: 19.4
Global Outcome: G8

3) Summarize the main features of the four categories of protein structure.

Answer:
1. Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in the protein chain.
2. Secondary structure refers to the short-range repeating patterns found along the protein chain.
3. Tertiary structure consists of large-scale twists and folds within the protein due to the interactions
between the of amino acids that are separated by large distances in the protein sequence.
4. Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of chains in proteins. Quaternary structure is
maintained by interactions between amino acids on the individual chains.
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 19.6
Learning Outcome: 19.7
Global Outcome: G8

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