General Terms

○ Current Combination of
○ Drift Velocity
Batteries
○ Mobility
○ Series & Parallel
○ Microscopic
○ Power
Ohm’s Law
○ Temperature
dependance Current
○ Colour Coding
Electricity

Combination of
Electronic Instruments
Resistors
○ Meter Bridge
○ Series, Parallel
○ Ammeter, Voltmeter
○ WSB
○ Potentiometer
○ Symmetry Circuits
 Electric Current
The Rate of Flow of Charge through a
Cross Section is called as Electric Current
 Current Density
It is defined as Current per Unit Area
I
Current is a Scalar Quantity,
but Current Density is a Vector
Quantity
Motion of electrons in absence of
Electric Field
 Drift Velocity
It is the Average velocity with which an electron is
drifted towards positive terminal of battery in the
presence of External Electric Field
 L

V
 Relaxation Time
It is the Average time between two Successive
collisions
 Mobility

It is defined as Drift Velocity per Unit Electric Field

 Ohm’s Law

V = IR

V
Resistance
 Resistivity

Dependence of resistivity on various parameter:

● It does not depend upon material dimensions.

● It depends upon temperature as well as material.
Temperature dependence of Resistance

For Conductors
Resistivity increases with increase in
temperature. Because with increase in
temperature, relaxation time decreases
which cause the increase in resistance.

R2 = R1(1 + 𝛼ΔT)
Temperature dependence of Resistance

For Semiconductors
Resistivity decreases with increase in
temperature. Because with increase in
temperature number of free electrons
increases due to which resistance
decreases.
 JEE Main 6th April 2023, S-1

4 The resistivity (𝜌) of semiconductor varies with

temperature. Which of the following curve
represents the correct behavior

A B

C D
 JEE Main 6th April 2023, S-1

4 The resistivity (𝜌) of semiconductor varies with

temperature. Which of the following curve
represents the correct behavior

A B

C D
 JEE Main 30th Jan 2023, S-1

4 The charge flowing in a conductor changes with

time as Q(t) = ⍺t - βt2 + γt3. Where ⍺, β and γ are
constants. Minimum value of current is:

D
 JEE Main 30th Jan 2023, S-1

4 The charge flowing in a conductor changes with

time as Q(t) = ⍺t - βt2 + γt3. Where ⍺, β and γ are
constants. Minimum value of current is:

D
 JEE Main 31st Jan 2023, S-1

4 The drift velocity of electrons for a conductor

connected in an electrical circuit is Vd. The
conductor in now replaced by another
conductor with same material and same length
but double the area of cross section. The
applied voltage remains same. The new drift
velocity of electrons will be

A Vd

B Vd/2

C Vd/4

D 2Vd
 JEE Main 31st Jan 2023, S-1

4 The drift velocity of electrons for a conductor

connected in an electrical circuit is Vd. The
conductor in now replaced by another
conductor with same material and same length
but double the area of cross section. The
applied voltage remains same. The new drift
velocity of electrons will be

A Vd

B Vd/2

C Vd/4

D 2Vd
4 Find the current if a point charge Q located on
rim of ring of radius R moves with angular
velocity 𝜔.

Q A

B
R
C

D
Q

R
4 Find the current if a point charge Q located on
rim of ring of radius R moves with angular
velocity 𝜔.

Q A

B
R
C

D
4 The resistance of a wire is ‘R’ ohm. If it is melted
and stretched to ‘n’ times its original length, its
new resistance will be:

A R/n

B n2R

C R/n2

D nR
4 The resistance of a wire is ‘R’ ohm. If it is melted
and stretched to ‘n’ times its original length, its
new resistance will be:

A R/n

B n2R

C R/n2

D nR
 JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023 S-2

4 The resistance of a wire is 5Ω. It’s new resistance

in ohm if stretched to 5 times of its original
length will be:

A 625

B 5

C 125

D 25
 JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023 S-2

4 The resistance of a wire is 5Ω. It’s new resistance

in ohm if stretched to 5 times of its original
length will be:

A 625

B 5

C 125

D 25
 JEE Main 12th April 2023, S-1

4 A wire of resistance 160 Ω is melted and drawn in

a wire of one-fourth of its length. The new
resistance of the wire will be

A 640 Ω

B 40 Ω

C 10 Ω

D 16 Ω
 JEE Main 12th April 2023, S-1

4 A wire of resistance 160 Ω is melted and drawn in

a wire of one-fourth of its length. The new
resistance of the wire will be

A 640 Ω

B 40 Ω

C 10 Ω

D 16 Ω
Colour coding of Resistance

Power of 10
 Colour Coding in Resistors

Colour Band 1 Gold 5%

Black 0 Silver 10%
Brown 1
No Colour 20%
Red 2
Orange 3
Yellow 4
Green 5
Blue 6
Violet 7
Gray 8
White 9
 JEE Main 27th Aug 2021, S-2

4 The colour coding on a carbon resistor is shown

in the figure. The resistance value of the given
resistor is:

D
 JEE Main 27th Aug 2021, S-2

4 The colour coding on a carbon resistor is shown

in the figure. The resistance value of the given
resistor is:

D
Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
 JEE Main 6th April 2023, S-2

4 Figure shows a part of an electric circuit. The

potentials at points a, b and c are 30 V, 12 V and
2 V respectively. The current through the 20 Ω
resistor will be

A 1.0 A

B 0.2 A

C 0.4 A

D 0.6 A
 JEE Main 6th April 2023, S-2

4 Figure shows a part of an electric circuit. The

potentials at points a, b and c are 30 V, 12 V and
2 V respectively. The current through the 20 Ω
resistor will be

A 1.0 A

B 0.2 A

C 0.4 A

D 0.6 A
4 In the circuit shown in figure, the potential
difference between points A & B is ?

A -3 V

B +3 V

C +6 V

D +9 V
4 In the circuit shown in figure, the potential
difference between points A & B is ?

A -3 V

B +3 V

C +6 V

D +9 V
 SERIES Combination
The current is the same through each resistor.

C1 C2 C3
R1 R2 R3

V
 Important Points

● If n identical resistors are connected in Series,

then effective Resistance is nR
● In Series Combination the effective resistance is
Greater than Greatest.
Two Resistors in Series
 PARALLEL Combination
The Potential Difference is the same across each Resistor.
C1
R1

RC22

C3
R3

V
 Important Points

● If n identical resistors are connected in Parallel,

then effective Resistance is R / n
● In Parallel Combination the effective resistance
is Lesser than the Least.
PARALLEL
 JEE Main 10th Jan 2023, S-1

4 10 resistors each of resistance 10 Ω can be

connected in such as to get maximum and
minimum equivalent resistance. The ratio of
maximum and minimum equivalent resistance
will be ______.
 JEE Main 10th Jan 2023, S-1

4 10 resistors each of resistance 10 Ω can be

connected in such as to get maximum and
minimum equivalent resistance. The ratio of
maximum and minimum equivalent resistance
will be ______.

Answer: 100
 JEE Main 15th April 2023, S-1

4 A network of four resistances is connected to 9 V

battery, as shown in figure. The magnitude of
voltage difference between the points A and B is
_____ V.
 JEE Main 15th April 2023, S-1

4 A network of four resistances is connected to 9 V

battery, as shown in figure. The magnitude of
voltage difference between the points A and B is
_____ V.

Answer: 3
 JEE Main 11th April 2023, S-2

4
The current flowing through R2 is:

D
 JEE Main 11th April 2023, S-2

4
The current flowing through R2 is:

D
 JEE Main 8th April 2023, S-2

4 The equivalent resistance between A and B as

shown in figure is:

A 20 k𝛺

B 30 k𝛺

C 5 k𝛺

D 10 k𝛺
 JEE Main 8th April 2023, S-2

4 The equivalent resistance between A and B as

shown in figure is:

A 20 k𝛺

B 30 k𝛺

C 5 k𝛺

D 10 k𝛺
Wheatstone Bridge

R1 R3

R5

R2 R4
Balanced Wheatstone Bridge

R1 R3

R5

R2 R4
Symmetrically Unbalanced WSB

R1 R2

R3

R2 R1
USB ka video banya hai…uska thumbnail dal do
 JEE Main 10th April 2023, S-1

4 The equivalent resistance of the circuit shown

below between points a and b is :

A 20 Ω

B 16 Ω

C 24 Ω

D 3.2 Ω
 JEE Main 10th April 2023, S-1

4 The equivalent resistance of the circuit shown

below between points a and b is :

A 20 Ω

B 16 Ω

C 24 Ω

D 3.2 Ω
 JEE Main 1st Feb 2023, S-1

4 The equivalent resistance between A and B of

the network shown in figure is xR/3
 JEE Main 1st Feb 2023, S-1

4 The equivalent resistance between A and B of

the network shown in figure is xR/3

Answer: 8
4 Find the effective resistance in the given figure
between points A and B.

D
4 Find the effective resistance in the given figure
between points A and B.

D
4 Find The effective resistance in the given figure
between points A and B ?

A
4 Find The effective resistance in the given figure
between points A and B ?

A B
4 Find The effective resistance in the given figure
between points A and B ? HOME WORK

A
CELL
E

r
 Series Combination of Cells
● Cell are said to be in series if same current is running in all of them.

r1 Ɛ1 r2 Ɛ2 r3 Ɛ3

Ɛeq

req

● Req = r1 + r2 + r3
● Ɛeq = Ɛ1 + Ɛ2 + Ɛ3
 Parallel Combination of cell
● Cell are said to be in Parallel if same Potential Difference exists
across all Resistors.
r1

r2

r3

Ɛeq

req
4 Two cells with the same emf E and different
internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in
series to an external resistance R. The value of R
so that the potential difference across the first
cell be zero, is
 JEE Main 11th April 2023, S-2

4 Two identical cells each of emf 1.5 V are

connected in series across a 10 𝝮 resistance. An
ideal voltmeter connected across 10 𝝮
resistance reads 1.5 V. The internal resistance of
each cell is ___________ 𝝮. Home Work
 JEE Main 11th April 2023, S-2

4 In the circuit diagram shown in figure given

below, the current flowing through resistance
3𝝮 Is A. The value of x is _________
 JEE Main 11th April 2023, S-2

4 In the circuit diagram shown in figure given

below, the current flowing through resistance
3𝝮 Is A. The value of x is _________

Answer : 1
Electrical Power
 Electrical Power

If p = constant

If p = variable
 Rated Power & Rated Voltage

● Bulb available in market are rated

to indicate their power.

● If rating of a bulb is given to be “100

W , 220 V” - then a voltage of more
than 220V can damage the bulb.

● If potential difference across bulb is

220V, then it will produce power of
100 W.
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
 JEE Main 13th April 2023 S-1

4 A potential Vo is applied across a uniform wire

of resistance R. The power dissipation is P1. The
wire is then cut into two equal halves and a
potential of Vo is applied across the length of
each half. The total power dissipation across
two wires is P2. The ratio P2 : P1 is √x : 1. The value
of x is_____
 JEE Main 13th April 2023 S-1

4 A potential Vo is applied across a uniform wire

of resistance R. The power dissipation is P1. The
wire is then cut into two equal halves and a
potential of Vo is applied across the length of
each half. The total power dissipation across
two wires is P2. The ratio P2 : P1 is √x : 1. The value
of x is_____
Answer: 16
4 The charge flowing through a resistance R
varies with time t as Q = at – bt2, where a and b
are positive constants. The total heat produced
in R is

D
Given, Q = at – bt2

At t = 0, Q = 0 ⇒ I = 0
Also, I = 0 at t = a/2b
∴ Total heat produced in resistance R,
4 The charge flowing through a resistance R
varies with time t as Q = at – bt2, where a and b
are positive constants. The total heat produced
in R is

D
 Meter Bridge
● It is a Device which is used to Measure
Unknown Resistance
● It is Based on the Principle of Balanced
Wheatstone Bridge
End Correction
Battery
 Galvanometer

It is a Device which is used

to measure Small Currents.
Galvanometer
 Ammeter
It is a Device which is used to measure Large Currents.
 Voltmeter
It is a Device which is used to measure Potential Difference.
 JEE Main 15th April 2023 S-1

For designing a voltmeter of range 50 V and an ammeter of

range 10 mA using a galvanometer which has a coil of
resistance 54 Ω showing a full scale deflection for 1 mA as in
figure.
(A) for voltmeter R = 50kΩ (B) for ammeter r = 0.2Ω
(C) for ammeter r = 6Ω (D) for voltmeter R = 5kΩ
(E) for voltmeter R = 500Ω
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A (C) and (D)

B (A) and (B)

C (C) and (E)

D (A) and (C)

 JEE Main 15th April 2023 S-1

For designing a voltmeter of range 50 V and an ammeter of

range 10 mA using a galvanometer which has a coil of
resistance 54 Ω showing a full scale deflection for 1 mA as in
figure.
(A) for voltmeter R = 50kΩ (B) for ammeter r = 0.2Ω
(C) for ammeter r = 6Ω (D) for voltmeter R = 5kΩ
(E) for voltmeter R = 500Ω
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A (C) and (D)

B (A) and (B)

C (C) and (E)

D (A) and (C)

 Potentiometer

● It is a Device which is used to

measure Potential Difference.
● It is an Ideal Voltmeter.
L

V0 (Driving voltage)
L

V0 (Driving voltage)
 POTENTIOMETER

R
є
r
ℓ
ℓ = Null Point Length

V0
 JEE Main 24th June 2022, S-1

4 In a potentiometer arrangement a cell gives a

balancing point at 75 cm length of wire. This cell
is now replaced by another cell of unknown emf.
If the ratio of the emf’s of two cells respectively
is 3 : 2, the difference in the balancing length of
the potentiometer wire in above two cases will
be ________ cm.
 JEE Main 24th June 2022, S-1

4 In a potentiometer arrangement a cell gives a

balancing point at 75 cm length of wire. This cell
is now replaced by another cell of unknown emf.
If the ratio of the emf’s of two cells respectively
is 3 : 2, the difference in the balancing length of
the potentiometer wire in above two cases will
be ________ cm.

Answer: 25
4 A potentiometer is used to find the internal
resistance of cell. The null point comes 3 m
when no external resistance is applied across
the cell. The null point length comes 2m when
external resistance 100 Ω applied across the cell.
Find the internal resistance of cell.
4 A potentiometer is used to find the internal
resistance of cell. The null point comes 3 m
when no external resistance is applied across
the cell. The null point length comes 2m when
external resistance 100 Ω applied across the cell.
Find the internal resistance of cell.

Answer: 50