Learning Activity Sheets

Mathematics 10,Quarter 3,Week 2

Permutations

Objectives

After going through these LAS, you are expected to:

1. Find the permutation of n objects taken r at a time;

2. Illustrate distinguishable permutations;
3. Illustrate circular permutations and
4. Solve problems involving permutations.

Lesson
Types of Permutations

A permutation refers to the different possible arrangements of a set of objects.The number

𝑛!
of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is 𝑃(𝑛, 𝑟) = ( , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑛≥ r ; and the
𝑛−𝑟)!
permutation of n objects taken all at a time is 𝑃(𝑛, 𝑛) = 𝑛!.

n-factorial refers to the product of the positive integer n and all the positive integers less
than n. Thus, n!= n(n-1)(n-2)…(3)(2)(1).
In other words, n! means the process of multiplying consecutive decreasing numbers from n
to 1. For example n = 5, so 5! means 5x4x3x2x1 or 5.4.3.2.1 = 120.
0! = 1, and 1! = 1.

The two types of permutations are:

1. Distinguishable permutation refers to the permutations of a set of objects where

some of them are alike.The number of distinguishable permutations of n objects
𝑛!
when p are alike, q are alike, r are alike and so on, is given by 𝑃 = .
𝑝!𝑞!𝑟!…

2. Circular permutation is the different possible arrangements of objects in a circle.The

number of permutations P of n objects taken r at a time is given by 𝑃 = (𝑛 − 1)!
 Permutation of n objects taken r at a time

In permutation, arrangement or order of selecting the objects is important. That is, a different
order or arrangement means a different result.
Example 1. How many possible arrangements can you arrange digits 1,2,3,4, two at a
time?

Solution: by listing
12 21 31 41
13 23 32 42 Note: Repetition of digit is not allowed.
14 24 34 43 (11, 22, 33, 44) since it is
just the same number.

There are 12 possible arrangements.

Formula:
𝑛!
𝑃(𝑛, 𝑟) =
( 𝑛 − 𝑟)!

Given: n =4; r=2

𝑛!
𝑃(𝑛, 𝑟) = ( Formula
𝑛−𝑟)!

4!
𝑃(4,2) = ( Substitute the values of n and r.
4−2)!

4!
𝑃(4,2) = Subtract the values in the
2!
denominator.
4∙3∙2∙1
𝑃(4,2) = Multiply the factors.
2∙1

24
𝑃(4,2) = Divide.
2

𝑃(4,2) = 12 Answer

Example 2. Suppose you have 5 different potted plants and you wish to arrange 3 of
them in a row. In how many ways can this be done?

Another way of solving this is by using cancellation method.

Given: n= 5, r = 3

5∙4∙3∙2!
𝑃(5,3) = = = 60 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
2!

2
 Permutation of n objects taken all at a time

Take note that in this permutation, all objects are distinct. So, you can arrange the objects in
different order .Look at the examples given below.

Example 3. In how many ways can you arrange the letters A, B, C all at a time?

Solution: List down the possible arrangements.

ABC
ACB
BAC
BCA
CAB
CBA

There are 6 possible arrangements.

Formula:

𝑃(𝑛, 𝑛) = 𝑛!

Given:
n=3

𝑃(𝑛, 𝑛) = 𝑛! Formula∙

𝑃(3,3) = 3! Substitute the value of n.

𝑃(3,3) = 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 Multiply the factors.

𝑃(3,3) = 6 Answer

Example 4. In how many ways can 5 people be arranged in a row for picture taking?

Given:
n= 5
𝑃(𝑛, 𝑛) = 𝑛! Formula

P (5, 5) = 5! Substitute the value of n.

So, 5! = 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 Multiply the factors.

= 120 possible ways for picture taking

3
 Distinguishable Permutations

Suppose some of the objects to be arranged are not distinct, that is some are identical or
alike, then the n factorial of objects is divided by the number of ways the object is identical.

Example 5. Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word EVEN.

EVEN ENVE VNEE

EVNE ENEV NEVE
EEVN VEEN NEEV
EENV VENE NVEE
By listing down the possibilities, there are 12 numbers of permutations.
However, the number of permutations can be determined using the formula.

Solution:
Given: n = 4 ; p = 2 (2 E’s)
𝑛!
𝑃= , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒
𝑝!

4!
𝑃= ,
2!
4∙3∙2∙1
𝑃=
2∙1
24
=
2

= 12 permutations

Take note that you can do the listing just like in the previous examples.

Example 6: Find the number of permutations of the letters of the word STATISTICS.

Given: n = 10; and let p = S (3 are alike) ; q = T (3 are alike ) and r = I (2 are alike)
𝒏!
Solution: 𝑷= Formula
𝒑!𝒒!𝒓!

𝟏𝟎!
𝑷= Substitute the values of n, p, q, r.
𝟑!𝟑!𝟐!
10∙9∙8∙7∙6∙5∙4∙3∙2∙1
𝑷= Multiply the factors.
3∙2∙1∙3∙2∙1∙2∙1
𝟑,𝟔𝟐𝟖,𝟖𝟎𝟎
= Divide.
𝟕𝟐

P = 50 400 permutations Answer

4
 Circular Permutations

Take note that there are arrangements of objects in a circle that are just one and the same.
Consider the examples given below.

Example 7.
1 1

1-2-3 1-3-2
2-3-1 1 arrangement 3-2-1 1 arrangement
3-1-2 2-1-3

Notice that there are 2 possible arrangements in a circular table since in the first
arrangement 1-2-3 is the same as 2-3-1 and 3-1-2 and in the second arrangement 1-3-2,
3-2-1 and 2-1-2 are just the same.

Formula:
𝑃 = (𝑛 − 1)!

Given: n = 3
𝑃 = (3 − 1)!
𝑃 = 2!
𝑃 =2∙1
𝑃=2
Example 8: In how many ways can 5 people be seated around a circular table?
Given: n = 5
P = (5 − 1)!
𝑃 = (5 − 1)!
𝑃 = (4)!
𝑃 = 4∙3∙2∙1
= 24 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠

5
 Solving Problems Involving Permutations

In this section, you are going to apply the concepts of permutations to solve real-life
problems.

Example 9. In a certain general assembly, three major

prizes are at stake. In how many ways can
the first, second, and third prizes be drawn RAFFLE DRAW
from a box containing 120 names.

Solution:

Given: n = 120, r = 3

𝑛!
𝑃= (𝑛−𝑟)!

120!
𝑃= (120−3)!

120!
𝑃= (117)!

120∙119∙118∙117!
𝑃= 117!
𝑃 = 1,685 ,040 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠

Example 10. The teacher wants to assign 4 different tasks to the 4 learners. In how
many ways can the teacher do it?

Given: n= r = 4

Solution:
P (n, n) = n!

P (4, 4) = 4!

4! = 4.3.2.1

= 24 ways

6
 Learning Activities

General Directions: Perform the activities below. Do them on a separate sheet of paper.

ACTIVITY 1. Let’s Find Out!

Perform the activity using four number cards with different digits, say,

1 2 3 4 then, complete the table below.

Number 1 is done for you.

1
Get two objects (cards) 2 ways
2

Number of objects Number of Objects Number of Possible

(n) Taken r at a Time Arrangements
(r)
2 1 2

2 2
3 1
3 2

3 3
4 1

4 2
4 3

4 4

Questions:
1. Can you find any pattern in the results?
2. Can you think of other ways of finding these answers?

7
ACTIVITY 2. Show Me Your Way!

Suppose Aling Maring wants to arrange 3 potted flowers in a row. Can you help her
determine the different arrangements?

M A R

A. List down all the possibilities:

_________ _________ _________

_________ _________ _________

ACTIVITY 3. Arrange Me in the Table!

Arrange the 4 people that can be seated in a round table using the letters A, B, C, D.

8
ACTIVITY 4. Flex That Brain!

Direction: Solve each problem below. Show your complete solution.

1. How many possible permutations are there in the letters of the word
PHILIPPINES?

2. In how many different ways can 5 bicycles be parked if there are 7 available
parking spaces?

3. How many 4- digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 if
no repetition of digit is allowed?

9
 Reflection

Directions: Complete the 3-2-1 Chart about your knowledge in permutations. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

10
 11
Activity 2. Show Me Your Way
Activity 1. Let’s Find Out
No. Possible
n r Arrangements MAR MRA
2 1 2 RAM RMA
2 2 2 ARM AMR
3 1 3
3 2 6
3 3 6 Activity . Place Me On The Table
4 1 4
4 2 12
4 3 24
4 4 24
Reflection Activity 4. Flex That Brain!
Learners answers may vary
1. 1,108,800
2. 2520
3. 360
Answer Key
Books:
Callanta, Melvin M., Canonigo, Allan M.,Chua, Arnaldo I .[ et,al.], Mathematics 10 Learner's
Material.Rex Bookstore,Inc, 2015.
Online Sources:
https://www.google.com/search?q=factorial+notation&oq=factorial+notation&aqs=chrome..6
9i57j0l7.6877j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.Retrieved: February 21, 2021
https://www.google.com/search?q=plants&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjEsIub0_ruAhUJvJQKH
dI4D78Q2- Retrieved: February 21, 2021.
https://www.google.com/search?q=flower+pot&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKE
wjUvMvO2vruAhWQyYsBHRKiCKAQ_AUoAXoECBgQAw&biw=1350&bih=551.February 21,
2021

Icons credit: Ivin Mae N. Ambos, Division of Surigao del Sur

Published by the Department of Education, Caraga Region Schools Division Office of

Surigao City Schools Division Superintendent: Karen L. Galanida Assistant Schools Division
Superintendent: Florence E. Almaden

Development Team
Writer: : Marina B. Pillado
Editor: : Richelle C. Jumalon
Evaluators: : Noemi D. Lim,
Lea s. Sarvida,
Leenaida G. Generan
Gemma C. Orozco

Illustrator : Ria Ricafort

Layout Artist: : Marina B. Pillado
Management Team : Karen L. Galanida
Florence E. Almaden
Carlo P. Tantoy
Noemi D. Lim
Salvador V. Acedilla

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Surigao City Office Address : M.
Ortiz Street, Barangay Washington : Surigao City, Surigao del Norte, Philippine Telephone :
(086) 826-1268; (086) 826-3075; (086) 826-8931 E-mail Address :
surigao.city@deped.gov.ph

12