Caribbean Secondary Examination

Certificate
School Based Assessment (SBA)
Agricultural Science
Title: Cost Analysis for Broiler Production

Name of Candidate: Shania George

Candidate No: 0900580925
Name of School: St. Ignatius Secondary School
Center No: 090058
Territory: Guyana
Name of Teacher: Miss Kristol Forde
Year of Examination: 2022
Start Date:
Termination Date:

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 Table of Contents

Contents
Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................................3
Introduction....................................................................................................................................4
Aim of Investigation.....................................................................................................................5
Problem Statement.......................................................................................................................5
Hypothesis....................................................................................................................................5
Methodology...................................................................................................................................6
Experimental Design....................................................................................................................6
List of Activities, Equipment and Materials Used.......................................................................6
Pictures Showing Researcher Engaged in Activities in the Investigation....................................8
Data Collection.............................................................................................................................11
Presentation of Data...................................................................................................................12
Analysis and Interpretation of Data............................................................................................13
Discussion..................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................15
Limitations..................................................................................................................................16
Recommendations......................................................................................................................17
Reference....................................................................................................................................18
Cost Analysis................................................................................................................................19
Budget........................................................................................................................................19
 Projected Expenditure.....................................................................................................19
 Projected Income.............................................................................................................19
 Total Projected Surplus (Profit)......................................................................................19
Actual Income & Expenditure....................................................................................................19
 Actual Expenditure.........................................................................................................19
 Actual Income.................................................................................................................20
 Total Actual Surplus (Profit)...........................................................................................20
Comparison of Projected Income and Actual Income................................................................20
Mark Scheme...............................................................................................................................22

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 Acknowledgement
The researcher would like to take this time to express gratitude for all the efforts and support that
was given by the fellow subject teacher who made this School Based Assessment (SBA) a
success. The researcher would also like to thank her parents for the support that was given to
make this School Based Assessment successfully completed.

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 Introduction
Broilers (table birds, Gallus Gallus Domesticus), are broilers that feed heavily, grow quickly and
gain weight rapidly. A broiler chicken is specifically bred and raised for meat production. Most
commercial broiler chickens reach slaughter weight between four and seven weeks of age,
although slower growing breeds reach slaughter weight at approximately 14 weeks of age.
Broilers have white feathers and yellowish skin. Their genes make them grow faster than native
chickens and layers. Farmers find it easier to rear broilers since they can be slaughtered at the
age of 6-8 weeks. Broilers provide adequate employment opportunities to the poultry production
system. Broiler farming can also be the fastest way to make money than any other poultry
farming.

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 Aim of Investigation
To determine the spacing requirements of broiler birds and its effect on the optimum weight
gained.

Problem Statement
Broiler chickens not reaching a desirable weight at the end of six (6) weeks due spacing provided
for each bird. This was observed by the poultry farmers of St. Ignatius Village. Therefore, the
researcher aims to investigate whether the spacing provided for the broilers in the pen has an
effect on the weight gained for 6 weeks’ period.

Hypothesis
 With the provision of extra spacing the broilers will gain extra weight over the 6 weeks’
period.
 With the provision of extra spacing the broilers will not gain a significant amount of
weight over the 6 weeks’ period.

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 Methodology
Experimental Design
Two sets of brooding area will be prepared using its correct dimensions in the pen and would be
labeled section A and B. Forty (40) chicks will be placed in section A and (40) chicks in section
B. After a week size of each section will be increased using its correct measurement for section
A. but for section B, random spacing required by the birds will be provided.
At the end of second week, 5 birds of each section will be selected randomly and weight of these
birds will be slaughtering. Both sections will be fed with starter and grower ration.

List of Activities, Equipment and Materials Used

List of Activities Reason of Activity

Construction of brooding area The pen was prepared by cleaning and

washing the brooding area to prevent
infection or diseases. Build sections by
separating the sections A and B with wood.
Arrival of day old chicks A total of eighty (80) chicks arrived. The
water and feeder was filled and measured to
the height of the chicks so that they would
be able to consume.
Feeding of birds The chick’s feeders were refilled and
changed every morning and afternoon.
Watering of birds The chick’s water were refilled and changed
every morning and afternoon.
Application of medication

Turning of litter Every two (2) weeks the wood shaving were
mixed and changed.
Expansion of brooding area

Culling of birds

Slaughtering of birds The chickens were not feed a day the

slaughtering day. The chicks was
slaughtered at the end of the six week
period.
Packing of carcass After the slaughtering and cleaning of the
broilers it was then packed into plastic bags.
Marketing The chickens was sold to the St.Ignatius
Secondary teachers and the dormitory.

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Equipment used Usage
Spade Was done for the removing of wood shaving
from pen.

Feeder Used for depositing feed and the broilers feed

from it.

Waterer Used for dispensing water for the chicks.

Wood Used for separating and securing the chicks.
Scale Was used to weigh the chicks every week.

List of Materials Usage

Broiler starter Was used to feed the chicks
Broiler grower Was used to help the chicks to gain weight.
Wood shavings Used for keeping the pen dry and suitable
temperature to create a comfortable
environment.

Broiler chicks Used for completing this SBA

Soap powder Was used for washing before and after using
the equipment used and cleaning of the area.

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Pictures Showing Researcher Engaged in Activities in the Investigation

Chicks before the six weeks’ period (4 weeks’ period):

Separating of chicks by section A & B (4 weeks Period):

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Weighing of chicks before being slaughtered:

Plucking the chicken on the dressing table (6 weeks’ period):

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Washing/cleaning of the chickens:

Cleaning of the internal organs from the chicken:

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 Data Collection
Table showing the weight gained by the chickens during the six (6) weeks period.
Pen A Pen B
Weeks Weight of chicks Weight of chicks Weeks Weight of Weight of Chicks
(percentage) chicks (percentage)
1 1st chick- 1kg In total 1 st
1 chick- 1.5kg In total
2nd chick- 0.9kg = 4.3kg 2nd chick- 0.5kg = 4.5kg
3rd chick- 0.9kg = 0.43% 3rd chick- 1kg =0.45%
4th chick- 0.5kg 4th chick- 0.5kg
5th chick- 1kg 5th chick- 1kg
2 1st chick- 1kg = 4.35kg 2 1st chick- 1kg = 4.52kg
2nd chick- 0.25kg = 0.44% nd
2 chick- 0.15kg =0.45%
3rd chick- 1kg 3rd chick- 1.25kg
4th chick- 1.10kg 4th chick- 1.12kg
5th chick- 1kg 5th chick- 1kg
3 1st chick- 1.25kg = 5.1kg 3 1st chick- 1.25kg = 4.95kg
2nd chick- 1.15kg =0.51% 2ndchick- 0.38kg =0.50%
3rd chick- 1kg 3rd chick- 1.15kg
4th chick- 1.25kg 4th chick- 1.17kg
5th chick- 0.45 kg 5th chick- 1kg
4 1st chick -1.25kg = 7.5kg 4 1st chick – 1kg = 5.9kg
2ndchick – 1.25kg = 7.5% 2nd chick – 1kg =0.59%
3rd chick – 1.5kg rd
3 chick– 0.45kg
4th chick – 1.5kg 4thchick– 1.45kg
5th chick – 2kg 5th chick – 2kg
5 1st chick– = 7.82kg 5 1st chick – 2.2kg = 8.56kg
1.36kg = 0.78% 2nd chick – 1kg =0.86%
2nd chick – 2kg 3rdchick– 1.36kg
3rd chick – 4th chick – 2kg
1.36kg 5th chick – 2kg
4th chick – 1kg
5th chick – 2.1kg
6 1st chick – 2.5kg = 11.15kg 6 1stchick - 2.5kg = 11.82kg
2nd chick - 2kg = 1.12% 2nd chick - 2.6kg = 1.18%
3rd chick - 2kg 3rd chick - 2.6kg
4th chick – 2.5kg 4th chick - 2kg
5th chick – 5thchick– 2.12kg
2.15kg

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Presentation of Data

Bar Graph Showing the Broilers Weight Gained in the Six(6)

Week's Period
1.40%

1.18%
1.20%
1.12%

1.00%
0.86%
0.75% 0.78%
0.80%

0.59%
0.60%
0.51% 0.50%
0.43% 0.43% 0.45% 0.45%
0.40%

0.20%

0.00%
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6
Pen A Pen B

Figure 1. Shows the percentage of broilers weight gained during the six week’s period.

Pie Chart Showing the Survival and Mortality Rate of the

broilers in the Six Week's Period

8%
Survival Rate
Mortality Rate

92%

Figure 2. shows the percentage of broilers who survived and died during the six-week period.

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Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Based on the primary data collected, it can be interpreted that:
The bar graph in figure 1 shows that in pen A, the weight of the broilers in the first 1 st week
gained an amount of (4.3kg), in the second 2 nd weeks (4.35kg), the third 3rd weeks they gained
(5.1kg), the forth 4th week (7.5kg), fifth 5th week (7.82kg), while the sixth 6th week they gained
(11.15kg). Therefore, in pen B the broilers gained in week 1, (4.5kg), in the second 2 nd week
(4.52kg), 3rd week (4.95kg), 4th week (5.9kg), 5th week (8.56kg), while in the 6th week they
gained (11.82kg). It was observed that pen A in the six-week period, broilers gained more weight
than pen B in the six-week period.
The pie chart in figure 2 shows the mortality rate of the broilers. The results show that the
broilers had a total of (92%) survival rate, while (8%) was the mortality rate of the broilers.
It can be observed that section A gained more weight than section B because of the spacing of
the broilers.

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Discussion
It can be discussed that the broiler was able to feed well without the clustering of the broilers.
This way the broilers in the pen A was able to gain weight more than pen B. According to
JUSTAGRIC.COM, ‘broiler chickens are best reared in a dep litter system and not the battery
cage or cage system; this is because broiler chickens are meat producers and have a high
tendency to encounter bone disorder problems when caged which will greatly affect their
marketability. The broiler chicken needs to exercise and regulate the fat deposition.’ The floor
spacing of the brooding pen of broiler chicken must be known. During the 4 weeks of the 6 or 8
weeks the chicks need enough floor space to allow them to eat, better utilization of feed, reduce
the spread of diseases and infections. The broiler chicks require more space during this period,
which can cause a low feed intake and efficiency, slow growth rate, and other unhealthy
conditions. Depending on the target market weight, farmers rear broilers for 6 weeks or 8 weeks.
After brooding for 4 weeks, the birds are bigger with varied sizes; more floor space is required
for the birds. The space requirement for a broiler weight is attained, it is best you use this space
area. The growth rate is usually very high during this period; hence good allowance of floor
space is better.
According to LIVESTOCKING.NET, ‘farmers need to sort broilers that have the similar body
size or weight. This way it will eliminate the factor of inequality. They will be able to feed well
without being intimidated or cheated by the bigger or weightier broilers. The farmer can increase
the quantity of finisher feed given to the group with the lower weights.

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Conclusion
It was concluded that broilers in pen A gained more weight than chicks in pen B, which it was
observed that the spacing of the chicks had affected the broilers that prevented the broilers from
gaining the weight required.

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Limitations
In completing this project there were complications caused that made the researcher had
difficulty in. Some are:
 Proper brooding area for the broilers.
 Clean and ventilated environment for the broilers.

Recommendations
The researcher recommends that:

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  In order to have a proper brooding area for the chicks there should be an expansion of the
pen to accommodate more chicks or have an adequate space for the chicks.
 The researcher suggests that in order to keep the broilers healthy, the brooding area
should be cleaned and washed every two days in case of any disease or unhealthy pests
that may cause the chicks to consume.

Reference

1) Akinbobola. A (2022)

Retrieved from LIVESTOCKING.com 10th March, 2022:

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https://www.livestocking.net/increase-the-body-weight-of-broilers-christmas

2) Chibuike. G (2022)

Retrieved form JUSTAGRIC.com 10th March, 2022:

https://www.justagric.com/broiler-chicken-space-requirements/

3) Ragoonanan. S (1991) New Edition Agriculture for CSEC Revision Course, Caribbean

Educational Publishers, Trinidad.

Cost Analysis
Budget
 Projected Expenditure
Item Quantity Unit Price $ Total $
Broiler Chicks 100 @ $260 $26,000
Broiler Starter 2 each @ $6,700 $13,400

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 Broiler Grower 2 each @ $6,700 $13,400
Broiler Finisher 2 each @ $6,700 $13,400
Wood Shaving 6 each @ $300 $1,800
Plastic Bag 1 @ $200 $200
Ice 1 @ $2,000 $2,000
$70,200

 Projected Income
Items Quantity Unit Cost $ Total Cost $
100 Birds 199 lbs $360 @ lbs $71,640
$71,640

 Total Projected Surplus (Profit)

Total Projected Surplus = Projected Income – Projected Expenditure
= $71,640 - $70,200
= $1,440
Actual Income & Expenditure
 Actual Expenditure
Item Quantity Unit Price $ Total $
Broiler Chickens 80 @ $260 $20,800
Broiler Starter 2 @ $6,700 $13,400
Broiler Grower 2 @ $6,700 $13,400
Broiler Finisher 2 @ $6,700 $13,400
Wood Shaving 12 @ $200 $2,400
Plastic Bags 1 @ $400 $400
Ice 1 @ $2,000 $2,000
$65,800

 Actual Income
Items Quantity Unit Cost $ Total Cost$
63 Birds 189lbs $360 @ lbs $68,040
$68,040

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  Total Actual Surplus (Profit)
Total Actual Surplus = Actual Income – Actual Expenditure
= $68,040 - $ 65,800
= $2,240

Comparison of Projected Income and Actual Income

Projected Income Actual Income Difference between profit
/loss
Income $71,640 $68,040 $3,600
Expenditure $70,200 $65,800 $4,400
Profit/Loss $1440 $2,240

Projected Income
Profit & Loss = Total Income – Total Expenditure
= $71,640 - $70,200
= $1,440
A projected profit of $1,440 was estimated.

Actual Income
Profit & Loss = Total Income – Total Expenditure
= $68,040 - $65,800
= $2,240
The actual profit recorded was $2,240.

The table above shows the comparison of the projected and actual income and expenditure and
profit and loss calculations. Therefore, the projected expenditure was $70,200 and the actual
expenditure was $65,800. It can be said that the actual expenditure was less than the projected
expenditure because the prices of certain items in the actual expenditure was lower than the
prices that were in the projected expenditure. While in the projected income was $71,640 and the
actual income was $68,040, this shows that the actual income is lesser than the projected income.
The actual income was less than the projected income because the projected income was
accounted for 100 birds for $360 and the actual income for 63 birds are $360 with a quantity of

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189lbs.The projected profit/loss was a profit of $1,440 which makes the actual profit/loss was a
profit of $2,240.

Mark Scheme
Item Descriptor Marks
Total Awarded
Name of Student - -
Student Registration Number - -
Name of School - -
Title of Project - -
Introduction Start Date - -
(2) End Date - -

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 Table of Contents - -
Problem Statement clearly written 1
Hypothesis clearly written - -
Aim clearly written 1
Methodology Accurate List of Materials, Tools and Equipment Used 1
(6) Valid Experimental Design 1
Data Collection 1
Production 5 or more activities described 2
Practices/ 1 to 4 activities described 1
Activities (2) No activities described 0
3 or more photographs showing student engaged in this 1
investigation
Results Collected relevant Data 1
(4) Presentation of Results – appropriate format used 1
Interpretation Fully interprets results 2
of Partially interprets results 1
Results (2) Did not attempt to interpret results 0
Discussion Fully discussed findings with reference to relevant 3
(3) supporting literature
Partially discussed findings with reference to relevant supporting literature 2

Discussed finding with no supporting literature 1

Did not attempt to discuss findings 0
Conclusion, Limitation Conclusion 1
& Recommendations Limitation 1
(3)
Recommendation for improvement 1
Presentation (1) Less than 5 spelling and grammatical errors contained in the report 1

References (1) At least 2 references properly cited 1

Total (investigative Report) 20 ÷ 2 …..÷ 2
=10 = ……
Complete Budget Projected Income - output, price, total 1
Projected Expenditure – inputs, price, total 1
Surplus/shortfall correctly calculated 1
Actual Income & Income/Sale of Produce – quantity, price, 1
Expenditure total
Expenditure – quantity, price, total 1
Cost Analysis
(10) Surplus/Shortfall correctly calculated 1
Comparison of Provides a full and accurate comparison of all 3 parameters 4
Projected and Actual Partially compares all 3 parameters 3
Income
Correctly compares any 2 parameters 2
-Expenditure
-Surplus/Shortfall Correctly compares any 1 parameter 1
Did not attempt to compare any parameter 0
TOTAL. (Cost Analysis) 10

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