Final Paper A8

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Globally, the challenges of caring for the elderly are often underestimated. Informal
caregivers for the elderly frequently need support, a concern receiving significant attention in
developed countries. However, it remains a blind spot in post-Soviet countries, particularly
Central Asia. To address these issues, it is crucial to not only change behavior but also improve
communication between services. Ongoing informational efforts with healthcare and social care
workers about the needs of those providing care for the elderly are essential (Zhylkybekova et
al., 2023). According to Holmberg et al., (2022) despite the growing population of older adults
worldwide, nurses and health care professionals may harbor negative attitudes toward older
patients that might risk patient safety.
According to Pehlivan et al., (2019) healthcare professionals' attitudes toward their
elderly patients are a direct reflection of the growing issues associated with aging. The
experiences that an individual has with aging throughout the course of their lifetime are
significant when it comes to discriminating attitudes toward older individuals. In the Philippines,
various communication problems were identified, including BHWs' limited participation in the
barangay development plan, restricted access to communication technology, the absence of a
continuous skills enhancement program, insufficient knowledge of proper personal hygiene due
to the lack of contextualized communication materials, and inactive community participation in
health services (Gallegos et al., 2023). Elderly care focuses on addressing the social and personal
needs of senior citizens who require assistance with daily activities and healthcare while aspiring
Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 1

to age with dignity. Due to the rising population of the elderly, there is an inadequacy in
healthcare services for this demographic. Many health workers possess limited knowledge of
common health conditions affecting the elderly. This lack of understanding contributes to
negative attitudes towards elderly care, potentially leading to significant issues in our society in
the near future (Udo et al., 2022).
Understanding the knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers concerning
elderly care is crucial for enhancing healthcare outcomes. This knowledge helps identify gaps,
enables targeted training programs, and ultimately improves the quality of care provided to the
elderly within the community.
Review of Related Literature
This chapter contains relevant literature and concepts providing significant insights and
comprehensive background to the present investigation.
Knowledge of the Care of the Elderly
Most health workers have very poor knowledge of health conditions which are common
with the elderly and lack of adequate knowledge triggers negative attitude towards the care of
elderly likely to result in serious problem in society in the near future (Elebiary et al., 2018)
According to Abdi et al., (2019) the number of older people with unmet care and support needs
is increasing substantially due to the challenges facing the formal and informal care system in the
United Kingdom. In order to develop effective solutions to address some of the needs, it is
important first to understand the care and support needs of older people. Therefore, teaching
health care workers staff to develop the improved knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding
physical restraint has become necessary (Eskandari et al., 2018).

The appointment of Barangay health workers (BHWs) lacks adherence to guidelines,
prioritizing personal connections over technical qualifications. Accreditation in formal and
structured training. This informal approach to appointing, accrediting, and training BHWs leads
to lack of quality assurance in the health services they provide (Hartigan-Go et al., 2023).
Furthermore, according to Koopmans et al., (2018) many European countries face challenges in
long-term care for older people, such as the growing number of older people requiring care, the
increasing complexity of their health care problems, and a decreasing workforce that is
inadequately prepared. Additionally, China is facing challenges in caring for older adults to
understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding the quality of caregivers for
elderly in long-term care institutions in Zhejiang Province, and also to find related factors to
improve the quality of care (Zeng et al., 2019).
According to the study of Gallegos et al., (2023) Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) are
the lead health advocates who provide essential health care services at the grassroots level.
Hence, it requires them to have adequate skills and training. In a study conducted by Ajam
(2021) that nurses generally have low to average levels of knowledge regarding the physical,
psychological, and social aspects of aging, as well as the main clinical areas of geriatric nursing
care. According to Brabham (2018) this lack of knowledge has been observed in various regions,
including Florida, the Netherlands, Turkey, and Africa. In Florida, healthcare workers were
found to have limited knowledge about caring for elderly patients, while healthcare workers
demonstrated insufficient knowledge in the majority of cases. Similarly, A review of studies
conducted in Turkey revealed that a significant percentage of nurses lacked sufficient knowledge
in elderly patient care. This knowledge gap was also evident in Africa, where a large proportion
of healthcare workers were found to have inadequate knowledge in caring for elderly patients

(Muhsin, 2019). In the study of Argaw et al., (2019) in Ethiopia, studies have shown that less
than half of the nurses possess adequate or good knowledge in this area, with poor knowledge
being prevalent among nurses in Addis Ababa, West Shoa, and Bahir Dar.
According to the study of Roohi Moghaddam et al., (2019) there is a strong connection
between the education level of nurses and their attitude towards caring for older individuals.
Nurses with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree or higher were found to be almost three times
more likely to have a positive attitude towards elderly care compared to those with a diploma.
These findings align with a similar study conducted in Nepal.
Behavior of the BHW towards care of the elderly
Any nation's elderly patients are an essential component of the populace and should be
treated with the same dignity and consideration. Globally, the aging population is growing at a
rapid rate, which raises the demands on and complications with health care. In order to provide
older patients with high-quality treatment, it is crucial that healthcare professionals have the
appropriate attitude (Subba et al., 2020) Additionally, a study by Maximiamo et al. (2019) Older
people spend more time communicating with health professionals since they have more health
problems. As claimed by Lopez-Hernandez et al. (2021). In order to improve health outcomes in
the delivery of healthcare, one of the most crucial elements is effective communication between
clinicians and patients. Using the appropriate communication strategy can help accomplish
effective communication. Furthermore, According to Hansson et al., (2018), Frail elderly
patients who have multiple illnesses do not fare well in modern health care systems, mainly due
to a lack of care planning and flawed communication between health professionals in different
care organizations. Additionally, according to Naldan et al., (2018) Health professionals,

particularly those who offer health services, have been accused of having certain attitudes,
including a lack of patience with elderly people, loud and inflated speech, baby language,
disregarding their opinions, excessive compassion, and a maternal approach.
In light of this, Barangay Health Workers (BHW) engage in a great deal of interpersonal
communication with their community members. Since there isn't much research on BHW, it's
critical to comprehend the nature of their work by learning about the interpersonal
communication techniques they employ and how they address healthcare miscommunication in
their communities. (Camasin, 2023). Positive attitude of healthcare professionals towards elderly
care is likely influenced by their high level of education and comprehensive training. This
finding is consistent with the research conducted by Daniel et al., (2021) who concluded that a
majority of medical doctors exhibited a positive attitude towards caring for the elderly, which
can be attributed to their educational background and training. This aligns with the findings of
Muhsin et al., (2020) who also observed that nurses displayed a favorable and positive attitude
towards elderly individuals. Having a positive attitude towards the care of older individuals is
crucial and greatly beneficial for their overall healthcare and well-being. It is essential to
prioritize and foster positive attitudes towards elderly care to ensure better quality of life for
older people.
Positive attitudes increase the preference to work with older people and improve the
quality of care. Therefore, attitudes of physicians, nurses and other health professionals toward
older people are a significant factor affecting the care for them, their life quality and mood of
older people. A systematic review by Khagi et al., (2020) Nurses and health professionals
attitude towards elderly people is associated with the quality of care they provide. Negative
attitudes, behaviors, and communication of health professionals toward older people negatively

affect the quality of health (Omura et al., 2018). Actions taken by health professionals and
suggestions for improving care for elderly victims of violence (Alarcon et al., 2021). Improving
health literacy must be a priority target for more quality patient care and less complication. The
issues that caregivers and healthcare felt themselves insufficient should be taken in the identified
issues (Metin et al.,2019). For instance, Physicians and healthcare workers working in Saudi
Arabia belong to different countries and may have differences in knowledge and attitude towards
elderly (Al-Atram et al., 2018).
A review by Ayalon (2019) revealed that positive or negative actions and attitudes might
constitute age discrimination. Negative attitudes toward older people include treating them
disrespectfully and viewing them as sick and dependent, whereas positive attitudes toward older
people include showing them affection, knowledge, experience, and independence. For instance,
Lan and Chen (2019) identified that several reasons such as age, gender, cognitive and emotional
state, cultural characteristics, education and working area affect attitudes and behaviors of health
professionals toward older people.
A systematic review by Marques et al., (2020) stated that health professionals,
particularly those who offer health services, have been accused of having attitudes, including a
lack of patience with elderly people, loud and inflated speech, baby language, disregarding their
opinions, excessive compassion, and maternal approach. Studies conducted in Africa,
specifically in Zanzibar, Egypt, and Ethiopia, revealed gaps in the attitudes of nurses towards the
care of elderly patients. Findings from these studies indicated that a significant percentage of
nurses, ranging from 42% to 93.3% in Zanzibar and Egypt, and 54.3% to 78.1% in Ethiopia, held
ageist or negative attitudes towards elderly patient care. (Argaw et al., 2019).

The attitude of nurses and other healthcare professionals affect the preferences and the
care provided (Baes et al., 2020). A cross-sectional study conducted in Cameroon showed that
nursing students had a positive attitude but poor knowledge of older adults (Keutchafo and Kerr
2020). According to Manjavong et al., (2019) patients wished to know more about their illness
but nurses focused on relieving symptoms. Studies have shown that misconceptions about older
adults and the aging process could negatively influence one’s attitude towards this population.
However, a study by Rababa et al., (2020) who also reported nurses having low
knowledge and poor attitudes towards older adults. Nurses with > 5 years of working experience
had better knowledge of older adults. Their knowledge on aging may be from personal
experience as they grew older. Care providers must possess self-efficacy in order to cultivate a
good attitude toward their elderly patient, to boost job satisfaction. (Shrestha et al.,2021).
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored to Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model and Social
Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura.
Health promotion is defined as behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being
and actualize human health potential. It is an approach to wellness. BHWs can use the model to
guide their efforts in promoting health among the elderly population within the community. This
theory suggests promoting their well-being by encouraging activities that enhance their overall
health, such as regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and preventive healthcare measures.
Addressing modifying factors like social support and the physical environment is also crucial for
the elderly, as it can positively impact their health and quality of life.

Albert Bandura developed the Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes the influence of social
interactions, observational learning, and self-efficacy on human behavior. According to this
theory, individuals learn and acquire new skills by observing others and through their own self-
efficacy beliefs. In the context of the study, the SCI can be related by examining The knowledge
and behavior of Barangay health workers on care of elderly. The theory suggests that observing
and participating in community health activities can enhance BHW knowledge and self-efficacy
in applying community health nursing principles. The study can explore if there is a relationship
between BHW level of knowledge and behavior on elderly care.
Conceptual Framework
The schematic diagram of the study shows the knowledge and behavior of barangay
health workers on the care of elderly. The independent variables are the participants’ age,
educational attainment and years of service, While the dependent variable in the study is
knowledge and behavior on the care of elderly.
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Profile Characteristics of the BHW

A. Age Knowledge and behavior on the
B. Educational Attainment care of elderly
C. Years of service
D. Position in the Barangay
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram Showing the Variables of the study.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to find out the knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers in
the care of the elderly. Specially, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:
a. Age;
b. Educational Attainment;
c. Years of service; and
d. Position in the Barangay?
2. What is the participants’ level of knowledge on the care of the elderly?
3. What is the participants' behavior on the care of the elderly?
4. Is there a significant difference on the knowledge and behavior of the Barangay Health
Workers on the care of the elderly when grouped according to profile?
Hypothesis
Ho 1. There is no significant difference in the participant's knowledge and behavior about
elderly care when grouped based on their profile.
Significance of the Study
The overall findings of this study would possibly benefit the following:
Department of Health (DOH): The findings of this study have the potential to improve the
quality of care given to the elderly through a number of means, including enhanced healthcare
delivery, disease prevention, early detection, empathetic development, resource optimization,
community health support, policy advocacy, interdisciplinary collaboration, equipping the
elderly with self-care skills, and community engagement in the promotion of health-conscious
environments.

City Health Office: The findings of this study will enhance the knowledge and conduct of
barangay health workers, guaranteeing higher-quality healthcare, stressing disease prevention,
facilitating early detection, cultivating empathy, maximizing resource utilization, promoting
community health, and advocating for improved elderly care.
CHS Administration: The findings of this study will enhance the knowledge and conduct of
barangay health workers, guaranteeing higher-quality healthcare, stressing disease prevention,
facilitating early detection, cultivating empathy, maximizing resource utilization, promoting
community health, and advocating for improved elderly care.
Nursing Education: As a result, they gain specific knowledge and abilities that improve their
capacity to provide high-quality care, support evidence-based procedures, encourage
interdisciplinary teamwork, cultivate leadership qualities, provide advocacy training, impart
cultural and ethical competency, promote ongoing learning, assist community involvement, and
facilitate professional networking opportunities.
Nursing Students: This study's findings enhance nursing students' contributions to improving
elderly care for healthcare professionals by introducing new ideas, adopting the most recent
evidence-based practices, encouraging collaborative learning environments, encouraging a
continuous improvement culture, and assisting in the incorporation of cutting-edge methods into
elderly care.
Scope and Limitation
This study aimed to focus on the knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers in
Cotabato City regarding the care of the elderly. The research covered all the barangays in
Cotabato City, which consists of a total of 37 Barangay Health Stations. These are community

healthcare volunteers who are trained and assigned to provide basic health services, health
education, and health promotion activities within a specific barangay (village) or community.
However, limitations may arise from potential biases in self-reported data, variations in the
quality of care provided by different BHWs or barangay health stations, language or
communication barriers, limited generalizability beyond Cotabato City, and logistical challenges
in data collection across all barangays.
Definition of Terms
The following variables are described as used in this study.
Barangay Health Workers. These are community healthcare volunteers who are trained and
assigned to provide basic health services, health education, and health promotion activities
within a specific barangay (village) or community. They play a crucial role in implementing
primary health care initiatives, including the care of elderly individuals.
Behavior. Refers the actions, attitudes, and conduct exhibited by Barangay Health Workers
when providing care to elderly individuals. It involves their interactions, communication styles,
and the practical application of their knowledge and skills in addressing the physical, emotional,
social, and psychological well-being of the elderly.
Care of elderly. The provision of comprehensive and specialized attention to meet the specific
needs of aging individuals. It includes physical, emotional, social, and cognitive aspects of care,
with the goal of promoting healthy and dignified aging. This involves assisting with activities of
daily living, managing chronic illnesses, addressing social isolation, promoting mental well-
being, and ensuring overall quality of life for the elderly.

Knowledge. This would describe the understanding of the participants towards the physical,
emotional, and cognitive aspects of care provided to elderly.

CHAPTER II
METHOD
This chapter presents the design of the study, the research setting and participants,
instrumentation, statistical measures used and data gathering procedure.
Research Design
This study employed a descriptive quantitative design. The knowledge and behavior of
barangay health workers on the care of the elderly are determined by using a survey
questionnaire. This method gathers data about varying subjects and is undertaken when the
investigator is after proving or exploring areas where little is known about the research problem.
Setting
The researchers conducted the study within the 37 barangays into (7) clusters. This is by
the sub-city cluster system adopted by the city government for facilitating local administration
and management. Cotabato City has thirty-seven barangays. Cotabato City is divided into seven
clusters, each consisting of several barangays. In cluster 1, the barangays are Bagua I, Bagua II,
Bagua III, Bagua MB, Kalanganan I, and Kalanganan MB. Cluster 2 includes barangays Rosary
Heights I, Rosary Heights II, Poblacion V, and Poblacion VI. Cluster 3 consists of barangays
Poblacion I, Poblacion II, Poblacion III, and Poblacion IV. Cluster 4 includes barangays Rosary
Heights MB-A, Rosary Heights MB-B, Rosary Heights X-A, Rosary Heights X-B, Rosary
Heights XI, Rosary Heights XII, and Rosary Heights XIII. Cluster 5 consists of barangays
Rosary Heights VI, Rosary Heights VII, Rosary Heights VIII, Rosary Heights IX, and Poblacion

VIII. Cluster 6 includes barangays Rosary Heights III, Rosary Heights IV, Rosary Heights V,
and Poblacion IX. Lastly, in cluster 7, we have barangays Tamontaka MB, Tamontaka I,
Tamontaka II, Tamontaka III, Tomontaka IV, Tamontaka V, and Kalanganan II.
The city has a land area of 176.00 square kilometers or 67.95 square miles. Its population
as determined by the 2020 Census was 325,079. This represented 6.63% of the total population
of the BARRM region. The population density is computed at 1,847 inhabitants per square
kilometer or 4,784 inhabitants per square mile. The researchers chose Cotabato City as the locale
of the study since there is still little data related to the knowledge and behavior of Barangay
Health Workers on the care of the elderly which makes it very timely and relevant for the said
City.
Participants
The study participants were all the Barangay Health Workers from the seven clusters,
regardless of their gender, age, years of service in the health facilities, and position in the
barangay.
Sampling Size
The target population of this study consists of the barangay health workers of Cotabato
City. Based on the City Health Office of Cotabato city the total of barangay health workers were
the following: Bagua MB is (3), Bagua I (4), Bagua II (3), Bagua III (2), Pob MB (3), Pob I (2),
Pob II (2), Pob III (2), Pob IV (2), Pob V (2), Pob VI (2), Pob VII (3), Pob VIII (2), Pob IX (2),
MBRH-A (3), MBRH-B (2), RH I (2), RH II (2), RH III (2), RH IV (2), RH V (2), RH VI (30,
RH VII (3), RH VIII (2), RH IX (9), RH-X-A (2), RH-X-B (2), RH XI (2), RH XII (2), RH XIII

(2), Tam-MB-A (2), Tam-MB-Ext (2), Tam-I (2), Tam-II (2), Tam-III (2), Tam-IV (2), Tam-V
(1), Kal. MB (3), Kal. I (1), and Kal. II (3). The researchers identified (90) participants.
Sampling Technique
A census sampling technique is utilized in this study. All Barangay Health workers in
each Barangay were selected to participate in the fulfillment of the said study
Instrumentation/Measure
The instrument used in the study was a researcher-constructed questionnaire to gather the
required data from the participants. The questionnaires had three (3) parts. Part I was about the
demographic profile such as the age, educational attainment, years of service as barangay health
workers, and position in the barangay. Part II determined the level of knowledge of the
barangay health workers in the care of the elderly. Part III identified the behavior or attitude or
action of the barangay health workers toward the elderly.
The following interpretation and description were used to give meaning to the data
gathered on the Level of Knowledge of the Barangay Health Workers in the Care of the Elderly.
Raw Score Interpretation Description
The Barangay health workers demonstrate

12-15 Highly knowledgeable deep understanding and expertise in elderly
care.
10-11 Very knowledgeable The Barangay health workers exhibit a
strong understanding of elderly care.
7-9 Moderately knowledgeable The Barangay health workers show a
satisfactory understanding of elderly care
concepts.
4-6 Fairly knowledgeable The Barangay health workers display basic
understanding but may lack depth in some

areas.
1-3 Poorly knowledgeable The Barangay health workers demonstrate
limited understanding and may require
further education.
The next mean, range and interpretation were utilized to analyzed the data gathered on the
behavior and attitude of the Baranga Health Workers as they provide care to the elderly:
Raw Score Mean Rating Interpretation Description
5 4. 50- 5.00 Always The participants

behavior, attitude and
care toward elderly is
excellent
4 3.50- 4.49 Often The participants
very good
3 2.50- 3.49 Sometimes The participants
Good
2 1.50- 2.49 Rarely The participants
fair
1 1.00- 1.49 Never The participant's
care toward the
elderly is poor
Data Gathering Procedure
Initially, the researchers reviewed the related literature as a basis for identifying variables
in Part I and Part II questionnaires forming the Likert-type scale. After the proposed study was
approved for data gathering by the panelist, the researchers wrote a letter addressed to the Dean

of the College of Health Sciences. Upon Approval, the researchers (will -delete) sent a letter to
the barangay chairman of the 37 barangays and sought their permission to allow us to conduct
the study in their barangay. Upon the approval of each Barangay Chairman, the researchers
(will-delete) asked for the assistance of the barangay officials to get the email address of each
participant to secure consent and ask them to fill out the survey questionnaire telling them the
purpose of the study. Upon the distribution of the questionnaire to the participants, the
researchers included a thorough explanation of how to fill up the questionnaire. (how did you
conduct this explanation???) The letter to the participants and consent form signed by the Dean
were also included and ask them to participate voluntarily. The participants were given ample
time to answer the questionnaire thoroughly. The identity of the participants and the data
gathered from them will remain confidential and will not be disclosed to anyone.
Treatment of Data
For data collection, a total of 90 participants (will be answering) answered the survey
questionnaire face-to-face. This allowed a comprehensive analysis of the level of knowledge and
behavior of barangay health workers in the care of the elderly. The demographic profile was
analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution. The data gathered on the level of
knowledge and behavior towards the elderly were analyzed using the weighted mean and
standard deviations. To determine the difference in the knowledge and behavior of the
participants according to their profiles, the researchers used ANOVA.

CHAPTER III
RESULTS
The findings of this study are presented in tabular and descriptive form, analyzed and
interpreted to answer the research objectives.
Begin with a description of the table before you present the table. Kindly cluster the
age, years of service and educational attainment. You only have 90 participants; how come
you reach 97? Every profile must have a total. Why is it that position in the barangay was
added to the demographic profile? Were the nurses and midwives included in the data
collection? I thought only the BHW were the participants of the study?? Why there were
nurses and midwives? When you describe it, only highest and lowest only.
Table 1 Demographic Profile of the Participants
Demographic Profile f %
Age
22 1 1.1
24 1 1.1
25 1 1.1
26 2 2.1
27 1 1.1
28 5 5.3

29 4 4.3
30 4 4.3
31 5 5.3
32 3 3.2
33 4 4.3
34 5 5.3
35 1 1.1
36 1 1.1
37 3 3.2
38 4 4.3
39 3 3.2
40 4 4.3
41 2 2.1
42 3 3.2
43 2 2.1

44 3 3.2
46 3 3.2
48 5 5.3
49 6 6.4
50 4 4.3
51 2 2.1
52 2 2.1
54 1 1.1
55 2 2.1
56 1 1.1
57 1 1.1
58 1 1.1
59 1 1.1
60 1 1.1

Years of Service
1 25 26.6
2 5 5.3
3 4 4.3
4 6 6.4
5 5 5.3
6 4 4.3
7 9 9.6
8 5 5.3
9 5 5.3
10 7 7.4
13 3 3.2
14 1 1.1
15 1 1.1
16 2 2.1
18 2 2.1

19 1 1.1
20 1 1.1
25 2 2.1
26 3 3.2
29 1 1.1
34 1 1.1
42 1 1.1
Educational Attainment
High School Graduate 17 18.1
Vocational 11 11.7
College Graduate 66 70.2
Position in Barangay
Midwife 37 39.4
Nurse 7 7.4

Barangay Health Worker 50 53.2
Total 94 100.0
Table 1 presents the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, years of
service, educational attainment and position in barangay. This further reveals that 6 or 6.4% of
the respondents aged 49, 25 or 26.6% are working for one year, 66 or 70.2% are college
graduates, and 37 or 39.4% works in the barangay as midwives.
Table 2 Level of the knowledge of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the care of Elderly Per
Item Scale
Item Number Correct Incorrect
(include the statement) f % f %
1 9 9.6 85 90.4
2 3 3.2 91 96.8
3 32 34.0 62 66.0
4 26 27.7 68 72.3
5 23 24.5 71 75.5
6 76 80.9 18 19.1
7 17 18.1 77 81.9
8 52 55.3 42 44.7

9 65 69.1 29 30.9
10 44 46.8 50 53.2
11 71 75.5 23 24.5
12 46 48.9 48 51.1
13 39 41.5 55 58.5
14 41 43.6 53 56.4
15 45 47.9 49 52.1
16 44 46.8 50 53.2
17 56 59.6 38 40.4
18 18 19.1 76 80.9
19 39 41.5 55 58.5

20 39 41.5 54 57.4
Table 2 presents the Level of the knowledge of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the
care of Elderly Per Item Scale. This further reveal that most of the respondents got correct
answers in item numbers 6, 8, 9, 11, and 17 while most of the respondents got incorrect answers
in item numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, and 20.
Table 3 Level of the knowledge of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the care of Elderly
(Interpretation should be after the percentage)
Score Interpretation Description (No need to f %

include these in the table)
17-20 Highly The Barangay health workers 0 0.0

knowledgeable demonstrate deep understanding
and expertise in elderly care.
13-16 Very The Barangay health workers 8 8.5

knowledgeable exhibit strong understanding
elderly care.
The Barangay health workers

9-12 Moderately show satisfactory understanding 33 35.1
knowledgeable of elderly care concepts.
5-8 Fairly The Barangay health workers 48 51.1

knowledgeable display basic understanding but
may lack depth in some areas.
1-4 Poorly The Barangay health workers 5 5.3

knowledgeable demonstrate limited
understanding and may require
further education.
Total 94 100.0
Table 3 presents the Level of the knowledge of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the
care of Elderly. This further reveals that 48 or 51.1% of the respondents are fairly
knowledgeable, 33 or 35.1% are moderately knowledgeable, 8 or 8.5% are very knowledgeable,
5 or 5.3% are poorly knowledgeable, and 0 or 0.0% are highly knowledgeable.
Table 4 Behavior of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) in the Care of the Elderly (The
description should be highest and lowest only and the overall mean)
Statement Mean SD Interpretation
As a barangay health worker, I am:

1. actively seeking feedback from elderly 4.57 .978 Always
individuals to improve the quality of care provided
to them.
2. providing emotional support to lonely elderly 4.55 .825 Always
individuals
3. involving elderly individuals in decision- 4.43 .849 Often
making regarding their own care and treatment.
4. reporting signs of elder abuse or neglect. 4.46 1.094 Often
5. facilitating social activities or programs for the 4.66 .784 Always
elderly to promote socialization and community
engagement.
6. providing nutritional guidance to ensure the 4.80 .597 Always
elderly maintain a healthy diet.
7. communicating effectively with elderly patients, 4.74 .621 Always
considering their unique needs and preferences.
8. providing clear and understandable explanations 4.77 .594 Always
of medical conditions and treatment plans to
elderly individuals.
9. encouraging and supporting elderly patients to 4.72 .694 Always
engage in physical activities suitable for their
abilities.
10. ensuring the privacy and dignity of elderly 4.79 .566 Always
patients during medical examinations and

procedures.
11. inquiring about the emotional well-being of 4.80 .597 Always
elderly individuals and addressing their mental
health concerns.
12. coordinating and collaborating with other 4.83 .455 Always
healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive
care for the elderly.
13. respecting the cultural and religious beliefs of 4.89 .373 Always
elderly patients when planning and delivering care.
14. actively involving family members or 4.76 .599 Always

caregivers in discussions and decision-making
related to the care of the elderly.
15. taking measures to prevent and address issues 4.76 .651 Always
related to elder abuse.
Overall Mean 4.70 .685 Always
Table 4 presents the Behavior of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the Care of the
Elderly. This further reveals that most of the respondents always do the following items with an
overall mean of 4.70 and an overall standard deviation of .685.
Moreover, statement number 13 “respecting the cultural and religious beliefs of elderly
patients when planning and delivering care.” got the highest rated mean of 4.89 which is
interpreted as always. This is followed by statement number 6 “providing nutritional guidance to
ensure the elderly maintain a healthy diet.” and 11 “inquiring about the emotional well-being of
elderly individuals and addressing their mental health concerns.” with a mean of 4.80 which is
interpreted as always. The third of which is statement number 10 “ensuring the privacy and
dignity of elderly patients during medical examinations and procedures.” with a mean of 4.79
which is interpreted as always.

On the other hand, statement number 3 “involving elderly individuals in decision-making
regarding their own care and treatment.” got the lowest rated mean of 4.43 which is interpreted
as often. This is followed by statement number 4 “reporting signs of elder abuse or neglect.” with
a mean of 4.46 which is interpreted as often. Finally, statement number 2 “providing emotional
support to lonely elderly individuals” got the third lowest mean of 4.55 which is interpreted as
always.
Table 5 Difference in the knowledge and behavior of the Barangay Health Workers on the care
of the elderly when grouped according to profile
Factors N Mean SD F p Interpretation Decision
Knowledge 22 1 9.0000 . 1.002 .488 Why there is

and Age no decision???
24 1 11.0000 .
25 1 13.0000 .
26 2 10.5000 2.12132
27 1 13.0000 .
28 5 9.6000 3.36155
29 4 6.7500 2.62996
30 4 9.5000 2.38048

31 5 7.6000 4.15933
32 3 8.0000 2.64575
33 4 8.2500 2.87228
34 5 9.2000 1.78885
35 1 6.0000 .
36 1 7.0000 .
37 3 9.6667 2.88675
38 4 10.0000 2.16025
39 3 10.3333 2.08167
40 4 8.0000 2.44949
41 2 6.5000 3.53553
42 3 5.0000 3.00000
43 2 7.0000 .00000

44 3 9.0000 2.64575
46 3 10.3333 2.08167
48 5 9.0000 3.74166
49 6 6.6667 2.42212
50 4 7.5000 1.00000
51 2 5.5000 .70711
52 2 9.5000 3.53553
54 1 5.0000 .
55 2 8.0000 Not
Significant
56 1 9.0000 .
57 1 10.0000 .

58 1 8.0000 .
59 1 7.0000 .
60 1 8.0000 .
62 1 13.0000 .
65 1 6.0000 .
Behavior 22 1 74.0000 . .654 .912 Not Significant Accept

Ho
and Age
24 1 75.0000 .
25 1 75.0000 .
26 2 75.0000 .00000
27 1 75.0000 .
28 5 69.4000 8.44393
29 4 71.5000 7.00000

30 4 74.0000 2.00000
31 5 66.0000 8.42615
32 3 70.6667 7.50555
33 4 69.5000 9.71253
34 5 72.4000 3.20936
35 1 75.0000 .
36 1 75.0000 .
37 3 75.0000 .00000
38 4 73.2500 1.70783
39 3 70.0000 8.66025
40 4 74.0000 1.41421
41 2 68.5000 9.19239
42 3 69.6667 4.04145

43 2 63.5000 3.53553
44 3 71.6667 5.77350
46 3 73.6667 1.52753
48 5 69.2000 11.88276
49 6 62.8333 12.27056
50 4 69.2500 7.04154
51 2 66.5000 12.02082
52 2 68.5000 9.19239
54 1 61.0000 .
55 2 74.5000 .70711
56 1 75.0000 .
57 1 74.0000 .

58 1 61.0000 .
59 1 71.0000 .
60 1 75.0000 .
62 1 75.0000 .
65 1 75.0000 .
Knowledge 1 25 9.5600 2.82961 1.394 .151 Not Significant Accept

Ho
and Years
of Service 2 5 7.8000 3.56371
3 4 8.0000 1.41421
4 6 6.5000 1.22474
5 5 9.8000 2.04939

6 4 10.2500 2.50000
7 9 7.6667 2.00000
8 5 8.0000 3.53553
9 5 9.6000 2.50998
10 7 8.1429 3.18479
13 3 8.6667 3.21455
14 1 7.0000 .
15 1 7.0000 .
16 2 4.0000 2.82843
18 2 6.0000 .00000
19 1 7.0000 .
20 1 11.0000 .
25 2 5.5000 .70711

26 3 8.3333 .57735
29 1 12.0000 .
34 1 9.0000 .
42 1 5.0000 .
Behavior 1 25 72.7200 4.91189 1.402 .147 Not Significant Accept

Ho
and Year of
2 5 69.0000 7.38241
Service
3 4 70.0000 7.57188
4 6 70.1667 4.35507
5 5 71.8000 4.14729
6 4 72.5000 4.35890
7 9 69.5556 8.90381

8 5 69.6000 7.40270
9 5 71.4000 6.06630
10 7 66.0000 11.41636
13 3 69.0000 9.53939
14 1 75.0000 .
15 1 62.0000 .
16 2 73.5000 2.12132
18 2 73.5000 2.12132
19 1 48.0000 .
20 1 74.0000 .
25 2 59.0000 8.48528
26 3 74.6667 .57735
29 1 75.0000 .

34 1 74.0000 .
42 1 72.0000 .
Knowledge High 17 7.3529 2.69122 3.529 .033 Significant Reject

Ho
and School
Educational Graduate
Attainment
Vocational 11 7.2727 3.28910
College 66 8.9091 2.52816

Graduate
Behavior High 17 71.6471 6.42204 2.333 .103 Not Significant Accept

School Ho
and Graduate
Educational
Attainment Vocational 11 66.3636 9.92243
College 66 70.9242 6.43622

Graduate
Knowledge Midwife 37 9.0000 2.59272 2.610 .079 Not Significant Accept

and Position Nurse 7 9.5714 3.45722 Ho
in Barangay
Barangay 50 7.8600 2.62647

Health
Worker
Behavior Midwife 37 70.8378 6.86178 .525 .593 Not Significant Accept

Ho
and Position
Nurse 7 72.7143 4.85504
in Barangay
Barangay 50 69.9800 7.38307

Health
Worker
Table 5 presents the difference in the knowledge and behavior of the Barangay Health
Workers on the care of the elderly when grouped according to profile through One Way Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) test. This further reveal that there is no significant difference between
Knowledge and Age (F = 1.002, p = .488), Behavior and Age (F = .654, p = .912), Knowledge
and Years of Service (F = 1.394, p = .151), Behavior and Year of Service (F = 1.402, p = .147),
Behavior and Educational Attainment (F = 2.333, p = .103), Knowledge and Position in
Barangay (F = 2.610, p = .079), and Behavior and Position in Barangay (F = .525, p = .593). On
the other hand, there is a significant difference between Knowledge and Educational Attainment
(F = 3.529, p = .033) which shows that Nurse got the highest rated mean of 9.5714 compared to

other workers in the barangay. This further shows that nurses in the barangay shows higher
knowledge than the midwives and barangay health workers.
CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the discussion of the result on the knowledge and behavior of
barangay health workers on the care of elderly. This further shows the summary of the major
findings of the study, conclusion drawn, recommendations, and suggestions for future research.
Barangay health workers (BHWs) program extends the accessibility of health care
services at the community level. The participants of this study are ninety-four (94) barangay
health workers ??? in all barangay in Cotabato City. Each barangay consists of three (3)
participants.. Aligned with this, BHW shall abide by the rendered services regardless of
Educational background, Age, and position in the barangay. The study revealed that the majority
of the Barangay health workers are working for one year, are college graduates, and work in the
barangay as midwives and nurses (what do you mean by these??) how can they work as

nurses or midwives if they are BHWs??? Furthermore, in terms of educational attainment,
(missing information) According to the study of Goldstein et al., (2024), many healthcare
practitioners have trouble with numeracy even with their high degree of education. While it is
common for training courses to incorporate numeracy, there are differences in the instructional
style, competencies covered, learner satisfaction, and efficacy of these educational interventions.
The training curriculum may be one factor contributing to the barangay health workers'
reasonably deep knowledge in geriatric care, but shallow understanding in other areas. Rather
than going in-depth into particular facets of caring for the elderly, the training they get could
concentrate more on general knowledge and foundational principles. Furthermore, they might
not be able to learn a subject in-depth during training sessions due to a lack of resources or time
restrictions. Additionally, although barangay health workers may have a basic understanding of
aged care, the intricacies of the field may not be fully covered by the practical experience they
have received from direct engagement with the elderly in their communities.
On the other hand, In support of (Gretrich et al., 2023) immigrants' health care system,
which they are systematically marginalized by. (??????) Because of their widespread
employment in service roles and skill sets, recipients are ideally positioned to address these
socioeconomic and political determinants of health. However, specific obstacles about status
ambiguity and the training and licensing procedures impede their ability to reach their full
potential in health-related fields.
Moreover, drawing from the findings presented in Table 3 presents the Level of the
knowledge of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the care of Elderly. This further reveal that
48 or 51.1% of the respondents are fairly knowledgeable, 33 or 35.1% are moderately

knowledgeable, 8 or 8.5% are very knowledgeable, 5 or 5.3% are poorly knowledgeable, and 0
or 0.0% are highly knowledgeable.
In terms of the behavior of Barangay health workers, the findings show that they keep
respecting the cultural and religious beliefs of elderly clients when planning and delivering care.
This is a good indicator that BHWs demonstrate an understanding and appreciation for the
cultural backgrounds of elderly. They take into account their traditions, customs, and beliefs
when providing care. This also demonstrates that the participants strive to incorporate their care
plan, taking into consideration any dietary restrictions based on religious beliefs in regards to
nutritional support for elderly. they ensure that the care plan respects and incorporates the
elderly’s religious values and preferences. The elderly not only have physical and mental needs
but also spiritual needs. Taking care of their spiritual well-being is a crucial aspect of providing
care for them. Spiritual needs can have an impact on their overall health and quality of life
(Zadworna-Cieślak, 2019). According to Sivertsen et al. (2019), healthcare protocols should be
adapted to consider the cultural, religious, and spiritual backgrounds of the elderly, in order to
improve the quality of care and enhance satisfaction among both the elderly and healthcare
providers. Additionally, engaging in prayer and seeking a connection with a higher power can
play a significant role in improving the quality of life and meeting the spiritual needs of
individuals. This finding aligns with the results of Brandt et al.'s study (2019), which emphasized
the importance of religious practices, such as praying, in fostering spiritual connections.
The results also reveal that the BHWs provide nutritional guidance to ensure the elderly
maintain a healthy diet. This shows that the BHWs always provide nutrition programs and
activities to address the unique nutritional requirements of the elderly. They actively participate

in these initiatives, ensuring that the specific nutritional needs of older adults are taken into
account and met. This is connected to the findings of the National Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion (2021), It is important to consider the specific nutritional
needs of the elderly population and provide appropriate guidance to ensure they receive the
necessary nutrients to maintain their health.
On the other hand, the BHWs often give the elderly individuals decision-making
regarding their own care and treatment being the lowest. This indicates that the BHWs need to
enhance training, provide resources, and foster a supportive environment. BHWs can improve
their ability to involve elderly individuals in decision-making regarding their own care and
treatment. This would promote autonomy, dignity, and person-centered care for the elderly
population. The findings also reveal that the BHWs need to improve by receiving extensive
training in both geriatric care and communication skills. This training would enable them to
actively connect with older individuals, grasp their preferences, and equip them with the
information they need to make well-informed choices. (Kindly recast your presentation in this
section. When you discuss you draw out the meaning of the data. You interpret it and then
support it with RRL. You also discuss the findings in the context of the theory you used.)
MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Within the context of Cotabato City's Barangays Health Workers respondents, this study
endeavors to investigate the intricate interplay of the knowledge and behavior of barangay health
workers. The findings unveiled herein encapsulate the pivotal discoveries unearthed throughout
our rigorous inquiry.

1. Notably, our study reveals that out of the respondents surveyed, that most of the respondents,
In terms of knowledge of barangay health workers on the care of elderly , few of the questions
they got correct and most of the answers of the respondents were incorrect. The respondents are
fairly knowledgeable, moderately knowledgeable, very knowledgeable, are poorly
knowledgeable, and are highly knowledgeable. The result revealed that the highest frequency is
that the respondents are fairly knowledgeable in taking care of elderly.
2. Similarly, in terms on the Behavior of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the Care of the
Elderly, it revealed that the highest mean of the respondents they respect the cultural and
religious belief of elderly patients when planning delivery of care which was always interpreted.
Furthermore, involving elderly individuals in decision-making regarding their own care and
treatment was interpreted as often
3. The null hypothesis of the study is accepted where there is no significant difference in the
knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers on the care of elderly when some are
grouped according to profile. On the other hand, there is a significant difference between
Knowledge and Educational Attainment which shows that a Nurse got the highest rated mean
compared to other workers in the barangay. Nurses in the barangay show higher knowledge than
midwives and barangay health workers.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results presented in the tables, the Barangay Health Workers (BHWs)
program extends the accessibility of healthcare services at the community level. Aligned with
this, BHWs are expected to provide services regardless of educational background, age, and

position in the barangay. With the present results, the researchers conclude that Barangay Health
Workers are fairly knowledgeable in taking care of the elderly. The behavior of the Barangay
Health Workers indicates that they respect religious beliefs and cultural practices when planning
and delivering care. The participants most frequently engaged are the nurses compared to other
workers in the barangay. This further shows that nurses in the barangay exhibit higher
knowledge levels than midwives and Barangay Health Workers. The results of the survey
questionnaire show that many of the answers to the questions were incorrect.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the following are
recommended:
1. Create Thorough Training Programs Create and carry out thorough training
initiatives that are especially suited to provide barangay health workers with the
know-how and abilities needed to provide senior care that is both efficient and
effective. Topics including cultural sensitivity, medication management,
communication skills, and senior health challenges should be covered in these
seminars.
2. Continuing studies put in place systems to encourage chances for barangay health
workers who work in the field of elder care to continue their studies and grow as
professionals. Access to workshops, seminars, online courses, and other materials

to stay current on developing trends and best practices in geriatric healthcare
could be part of this.
3. Establish procedures for tracking and assessing the effectiveness of barangay
health workers in providing care for the elderly, including regular evaluations of
their knowledge, abilities, and conduct. It is important to use feedback methods to
pinpoint areas that require improvement and to allocate resources and targeted
help accordingly.
4. Organize volunteer opportunities, support groups, and awareness campaigns to
increase community involvement in senior care activities. Involving the
community promotes a sense of accountability and ownership for the well-being
of the elderly and can help barangay health professionals in their caregiving
endeavors.
5. Recognize and Reward Excellence: Acknowledge and reward barangay health
workers who demonstrate exemplary dedication and performance in elderly care.
This could include certificates of recognition, professional development
opportunities, or incentives such as bonuses or additional training grants.
RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDIES
The following are the recommendations for further study which are not included in the
study.
1. Knowledge and behavior of of the Level 4 Nursing Student on the Care of Elderly
Conducting Research

2. Harmonizing Knowledge and Compassion for Elderly Wellbeing
3. Wisdom in Action Strengthening Knowledge and Behavior for Elderly Suppor

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Elderly in Long-Term Care Institutions in Zhejiang Province, China. Int J Environ
Res Public Health. 2019 June 19;16(12):2164. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16122164.
PMID: 31248074; PMCID: PMC6617400.
Zhyl Kabakova, A., Koshmaganbetova, G. K., Grjibovski, A. M., & Glushkova, N.

(2023). Perception of informal care for elderly by healthcare and social care
workers in Kazakhstan. European Journal of Public Health, 33(Supplement_2).

Notre Dame University
College of Health Sciences
Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
MARY JANE K. BALAWAG, PhD RN

Dean of College of Health Sciences
Dear Dean Balawag,
We are the researchers from the Level III BSN students of the College of Health Sciences
of Notre Dame University and we are currently conducting a study entitled “Knowledge and
Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the care of elderly”.
As part of the fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in
Nursing. This study aimed to assess the current Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health
workers towards providing care and support to the elderly population in their Barangay, identify
knowledge gaps and Evaluate information resources on practices in elderly care. Rest assured That
all the participant’s information will remain strictly confidential and will only be used for
academic purposes. We will guarantee that the procedure will incur no foreseeable risks or harm
and participation in this study is all voluntarily and the participants will have the right to withdraw.
In line with this, we would like to ask permission from the good office to allow us to
conduct this research study among the Clinical Instructors, Faculty, and Administrators of Notre
Dame University, College of Health Sciences. We hope for your positive response to our request to
be granted. Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated.
Respectfully Yours,
Aubrey Nicole S. Bonaobra Sittie Aisha Mae-Ann W. Midtimbang

Researcher Researcher
Morsida G. Sarip Bai Aloha Mae P. Sepi

MARY JANE K. BALAWAG, PhD,RN

Adviser/ Dean, College of Health Science

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
NORHASSIM A. PASAWIRAN
Barangay Captain, Bagua
Dear Mr. Pasawiran
Greetings of peace!
We, the level 3 nursing students of Notre Dame University are currently undertaking the study
entitled “Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly”.
The primary goal of this study is to identify the knowledge gaps and assess the current
understanding and behavior of Barangay Health workers on practices in caring for the elderly
members of our community.
I kindly ask for your support and cooperation in granting permission to carry out this research
within your barangay. Your endorsement will significantly aid in the success of my study.
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to receiving your favorable response
at your earliest convenience. Your support in this endeavor is greatly appreciated.
Respectfully Yours,
Aubrey Nicole S. Bonaobra Morsida G. Sarip

Sittie Aisha Mae-Ann W. Midtimbang Bai Aloha Mae P. Sepi

Approved by:

Dean-CHS

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024,
MOHAMMAD MODIFH A. MIDTIMBANG

Barangay Captain, Bagua I
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Midtimbang
Greetings of peace!
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to receiving your favorable response at
your earliest convenience. Your support in this endeavor is greatly appreciated.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:
Dean, College of Health Sciences

Cotabato City

March 17, 2024
FAHAD B. SINGH
Barangay Captain, Bagua II
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Singh,
Greetings of peace!
entitled “Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly”.The
primary goal of this study is to identify the knowledge gaps and assess the current understanding
and behavior of Barangay Health workers on practices in caring for the elderly members of our
community.
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to receiving your favorable response
at your earliest convenience. Your support in this endeavor is greatly appreciated.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

College of Health Science
Cotabato City

March 17, 2024
SHIERI G. DEGUCHI
Barangay Captain, Bagua III
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Deguchi
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
DATU BIMBO A. PASAWIRAN

Barangay Captain, Kalanganan
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Pasawiran
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:
MARY JANE K. BALAWAG, PhD, RN


Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
HASNA P. KATO
Barangay Captain, Kalanganan I
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Kato
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approve by:
Dean, College of Health Science

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
DATU EDRIS P. AYUNAN

Barangay Captain, Kalanganan II
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Ayunan
Greetings of peace!
primary goal of this study is to identify the knowledge gaps and assess the currentunderstanding
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approve by:
Dean, College of Health Science

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
NASSER Jr A. USMAN
Barangay Captain, Poblacion
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Usman
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:
MARY JANE K. BALAWAG PhD, RN

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
MOHAMAD ALI B. MANGELEN

Barangay Captain, Poblacion I
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Mangelen
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
BAI JOHAIRA S. MADAG

Barangay Captain, Poblacion II
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Madag
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:
Dean, College of Health Scie

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
JUHAIR A. TOTI
Barangay Captain, Poblacion III
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Toti
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
RAGINA L. AYUNAN
Barangay Captain, Poblacion IV
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Ayunan
Greetings of peace!
community.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
PAHIMA P. PASUKA
Barangay Captain, Poblacion V
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Pasuka
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
MAHATHEER L. AYUNAN
Barangay Captain, Poblacion VI
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Ayunan
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
SOLAIMAN U. ADTONG
Barangay Captainin, Poblacion VII
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Adtong
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
BAISLA D. SEMA
Barangay Captain, Poblacion VIII
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Sema
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
NASRUDIN E. MOHAMMAD
Barangay Captain, Poblacion IX
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Mohammad
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:
Mary Jane K. Balawag RN, MAN, PHD

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
ALMEIHDA B. ARUMPAC
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Arumpac
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
APRIL L. MORALES
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights I
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Morales
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
CHRISTOPHER ANTHONY G. CORAZA

Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights II
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Coraza
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
OMAR A. PASAWILAN
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights III
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Pasawilan
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
MOJAHIDA S. OMAR
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights IV
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Omar
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
FIDEL DINO M. ESPINO

Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights V
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Espino
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:
Dean, College of Heal

Cotabato City
March 1, 2024
MOHAMMAD NUR D. OYOD

Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights VI
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Oyod
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
MOHAMMAD SYED AZZAROUK A. SEMA

Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights VII
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Sema
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
ALAN Jr B. ARUMPAC
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights VIII
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Arumpac
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
ISRAEL A. DATUKAKA
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights IX
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Datukaka
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
NAJM NUR G. SINARIMBO

Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights X
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Sinarimbo
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
JOHARTO U BINANGON
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights XI
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Binangon
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
MELISSA FAYE S. AYUNAN

Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights XII
Cotabato City
Dear Ms. Ayunan
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
JUKHARNAIN O. SINARIMBO
Barangay Captain, Rosary Heights XIII
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Sinarimbo
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
DATU MOHAMMAD ALI JAWAWI A. SEMA

Barangay Captain, Tamontaka
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Sema
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
AKMAD B. URAK
Barangay Captain, Tamontaka I
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Urak
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
JOVEN A. PANGILAN
Barangay Captain, Tamontaka II
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Pangilan
Greetings of peace!
I kindly ask for your support and cooperation in granting permission to carry out this
research within your barangay. Your endorsement will significantly aid in the success of my study.
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to receiving your favorable
response at your earliest convenience. Your support in this endeavor is greatly appreciated.
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
ZAILON A. KASAN
Barangay Captain, Tamontaka III
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Kasan
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
THONG L. GAYAK
Barangay Captain, Tamontaka IV
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Gayak
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
March 17, 2024
DATUN S. DIOCOLANO
Barangay Captain, Tamontaka V
Cotabato City
Dear Mr. Diocolano
Greetings of peace!
Respectfully Yours,
Approved by:

Cotabato City
Dear Participant,
Greeting of peace!
We, the Level III nursing students of Notre Dame University, College of Health Sciences are
currently conducting a study entitled “Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers
on the Care of Elderly, as part of the fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science
in Nursing.
This study aims to assess the current Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health workers
towards providing care and support to the elderly population in their Barangay. The study
procedure includes responding to a questionnaire about the demographic profile in terms of years
of service, educational background and we will give specific instruction to answer the
questionnaire. Participants in this study will take approximately 10-20 minutes.
Your participation in this study is voluntary without obligation to participate. Furthermore, you
have the right to withdraw anytime if you feel your rights as participants are violated.
Thank you very much for your cooperation!

Respectfully Your
Bai Aloha Mae P. Sepi

Sittie Aisha Mae-Ann W.
Midtimbang
Researcher
Researcher
Approved by:
MARY JANE K. BALAWAG,

PhD, RN
Dean, College of Health

Sciences

QUESTIONNAIRE
Knowledge and behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the care of Elderly
Part I. Profile of theParticipants
Instruction: Kindly fill out all the necessary information needed and put your answer on the given
space provided. Please do not leave an item unanswered.
Name (optional): _____________________________ Age: _______
Years of service: ___________________
Educational Attainment:
High School Graduate

Vocational

College Graduate
Position in the Barangay, Please Specify __________________________
Part II. Level of the knowledge of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the care of Elderly.
Instruction: Please read carefully the statements and kindly put a check [✔] to the corresponding
letter of your choice in the box. The statements describe the physical, emotional, social, and
cognitive aspects of care provided to elderly. Kindly answer as objective as possible the following
items based on your understanding. Please do not leave an item unanswered.
1. All but ONE are the most common health conditions that occur in the elderly.
● A.) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
● B.) Hypertension
● C.) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
● D.) Congenital Heart defects
2.What is the recommended frequency for monitoring blood pressure in elderly individuals?
● A.) Once a week
● B.) Once a month
● C.) Once every six months
● D.) Once a year
3.Which of the following activities can help improve mobility and balance in the elderly?
● A.) Swimming
● B.) Yoga
● C.) Walking
● D.) All of the above
4.How often should elderly individuals engage in strength training exercises?

● A.) Twice a week
● B.) Once a week
● C.) Every day
● D.) Once a month
5.How often should falls risk assessments be conducted for elderly individuals?
● A.) Every 6 months
● B.) Every year
● C.) Every 2 years
● D.) Only when requested by the individual
6.What can help promote mental stimulation and social interaction for the elderly?
● A) Watching TV alone for several hours a day
● B) Engaging in hobbies and activities they enjoy

● C) Avoiding contact with friends and family
● D) Limiting exposure to new experiences
.
7. What should Barangay health care workers do if they suspect that a patient has been abused?
● A.) Notify the proper authorities
● B.) Conduct further assessment
● C.) Communicate with the patient
● D.) Refer a client for rehabilitation therapy
8.What is a potential consequence of prolonged immobility in the elderly?

● A) Increased muscle strength
● B) Improved joint flexibility
● C) Pressure ulcers (bedsores)
● D) Decreased risk of blood clots
9.Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for prioritizing safety and security for
seniors?
● A) Identifying and removing physical risks in their environment.
● B) Installing home modifications to enhance navigation safety.
● C) Implementing security systems, new locks, and emergency call buttons.
● D) Encouraging seniors to take risks and explore new activities.
10.What groups of the older adult population would physical activity NOT be recommended?
● A.) Frail elderly patients with sarcopenia
● B.) Patients with > 2 cardiac risk factors
● C.) Patients with severe arthritis
● D.) Patients with unstable medical condition
11.What are some common signs of elder abuse?

● A.) Unexplained bruises or injuries
● B.) Withdrawal from social activities
● C.) Sudden changes in behavior
● D.) All of the above
12.When communicating with older adults, the BHWs should remember that their perception may
be altered by normal psychological changes that occur with aging. The following are challenges in
communicating with older adults: 1. Stroke 2. Dementia 3. Diverse cultural background 4. Diverse
social background.
● A.) 1 and 2
● B.) 2 and 3
● C.) 1, 2, and 3
● D.) 1, 2, 3, and 4
13.Which of the following should best be considered when communicating with an elderly client?
● A.) Lean and shout at the ear of the client

● B.) Open mouth wide and over-enunciate while talking to the client
● C.) Use a low-pitched voice
● D.) Use a high-pitched voice
14. Late adulthood is the time of life after age:

● A.) 65
● B.) 60
● C.) 70
● D.) 55
15.One issue that can cause serious psychological and physical issues in late adulthood is:
● A.) Isolation
● B.) Financial freedom
● C.) Remarriage
● D.) Retirement
16.If an elderly individual states the following, it may indicate a problem regarding their mental
health. The following are included, except:
● A.) "I feel extremely sad and hopeless all the time."
● B.) “ I miss my daughter and son, maybe they miss me too.”
● C.) "I have lost interest in activities I used to enjoy."
● D.) "I have thoughts of self-harm or suicide."
17.In your understanding, This following are things that increase the risk of developing dementia
in elderly include, EXCEPT:
● A.) Age (more common in those 65 or older)
● B.) High blood pressure (hypertension)
● C.) Depression.
● D.) Being underweight
18.What are the most common mental conditions for elderly?

● A.) Depression
● B.) Memory loss
● C.) Bipolar Disorder
● D.) Anorexia
19.The loss of intellectual function is properly termed as:

● A.) Intellectual disability
● B.) Bipolar disorder
● C.) Stroke
● D.) Cognitive impairment
20. At what age in life does cognitive aging typically begin?

● A. It begins at birth and continues throughout the lifespan

● B. After age 35
● C. After age 50
● D. After age 65
Part III. Behavior of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) on the Care of the Elderly
Instruction: Please read carefully the statements and kindly encircle to the corresponding number
of your choice. The statements describe how you were able to identify the behavior of Barangay
Health Workers in the care of the elderly. Kindly answer as objective as possible the following
items based on your understanding. Please do not leave any items blank.
As a barangay health worker, I Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never

am:
1. actively seeking feedback

from elderly individuals to
improve the quality of care 5 4 3 2 1
provided to them.
2. providing emotional 5 4 3 2 1
support to lonely elderly
individuals
3. involving elderly 5 4 3 2 1
individuals in decision-
making regarding their
own care and treatment.
4. reporting signs of elder 5 4 3 2 1

abuse or neglect.
5. facilitating social activities

or programs for the elderly 5 4 3 2 1
to promote socialization
and community
engagement.
6. providing nutritional
guidance to ensure the
elderly maintain a healthy 5 4 3 2 1
diet.
7. communicating effectively
with elderly patients,
considering their unique 5 4 3 2 1
needs and preferences.
8. providing clear and

understandable
explanations of medical 5 4 3 2 1
conditions and treatment
plans to elderly
individuals.
9. encouraging and
supporting elderly patients
to engage in physical 5 4 3 2 1
activities suitable for their
abilities.
10. ensuring the privacy and

dignity of elderly patients
during medical 5 4 3 2 1
examinations and
procedures.
11. inquiring about the

emotional well-being of
elderly individuals and 5 4 3 2 1
addressing their mental

health concerns.
12. coordinating and

collaborating with other
healthcare professionals to 5 4 3 2 1
provide comprehensive
care for the elderly.
13. respecting the cultural and

religious beliefs of elderly
patients when planning and 5 4 3 2 1
delivering care.
14. actively involving family

members or caregivers in
discussions and decision- 5 4 3 2 1
making related to the care
of the elderly.
15. taking measures to prevent

and address issues related
to elder abuse. 5 4 3 2 1
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Data
Name : Aubrey Nicole S. Bonaobra
Age : 22
Address :blk 4 lot 13 Virgo subd rh9 Cotabato City
Date of Birth : December 04, 2001
Place of birth : Cotabato City
Nationality : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Civil status : single
Contact Number : 09161982883
Name of father :Norman M. Bonaobra
Name of mother :Rhodora S. Bonaobra
Elementary: Notre Dame University -ETD
High School: Notre Dame of Cotabato

Senior High: Notre Dame of Cotabato
Seminar Attended
-Seminar on Research
Name : Sittie Aisha Mae-Ann W. Midtimbang
Age : 20
Address : Tambunan1, Talayan Maguindanao
Date of Birth : May 15, 2003
Place of birth : Tambunan1, Talayan Maguindanao
Religion :Islam
Civil status : Single
Name of father : Michael E. Midtimbang
Name of mother :Sahara Watamama
Elementary:
Notre Dame RVM College of Cotabato
High School :

Senior High:
Seminar Attended
Name : Morsida G. Sarip
Age : 23
Address : Prk, Bayabas, Barakah Upper Sang-An Labangan Zamboanga Del Sur
Date of Birth : January 23, 2000
Place of birth : Pasayanon Bukidnon
Religion : Islam
Name of father : Javar A. Sarip
Name of mother : Aisa M. Macao
Elementary:
Tamontaka Central Cotabato City
High school:
Dinas National High School
Senior high school:
Saint Columban College
Seminar Attended
Name : Bai Aloha Mae Piang Sepi
Age : 21 years old
Address : Brgy. Rebuken, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte
Date of Birth : August 26, 2002
Place of birth : CRMC, Cotabato City
Religion : Islam
Name of father : Mujeeb Bitayo Sepi
Name of mother : Mohanie Piang Sepi
Elementary:
Rebuken Elementary School
High School:
Sultan Kudarat Islamic Academy

Senior High:
Cotabato State University Laboratory-Senior high school
Seminar Attended
ABSTRACT
This study determined the knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers on the care
of elderly utilizing the descriptive quantitative design measuring knowledge and behavior among
the selected participants. Knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers concerning elderly
care is crucial for enhancing healthcare outcomes. This knowledge helps identify gaps, enables
targeted training programs, and ultimately improves the quality of care provided to the elderly
within the community. The study employed census sampling techniques from all barangay health
workers in 37 barangays in Cotabato city and answered by 90 respondents. The knowledge and
behavior were obtained through a researcher made questionnaire. This quantitative research
employed standard deviation to determine the mean and utilized the knowledge and behavior of
barangay health workers on the care of elderly. According to the profile, through the One-Way
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. This further reveal that there is no significant difference
between Knowledge and Age, Behavior and Age, Knowledge and Years of Service, Behavior and
Year of Service, Behavior and Educational Attainment, Knowledge and Position in Barangay and
Behavior and Position in Barangay. On the other hand, there is a significant difference between
Knowledge and Educational Attainment which shows that a Nurse got the highest rated mean of
compared to other workers in the barangay. This further shows that nurses in the barangay show
higher knowledge than the midwives and barangay health workers, thus the researchers
recommend that they plan community outreach initiatives, support groups, and volunteer
opportunities to raise awareness about elder care. Involving the community can assist barangay
health workers in providing care for the elderly and foster a sense of ownership and accountability
for their well-being.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to Allah, the Most Merciful, and to
Almighty God, for his abundant blessings and unwavering strength that guided us through the
completion of this study.
We would also like to extend our gratitude to the individuals who took part in offering their
ideas and provided us encouragement and guidance throughout the study.
To our panelists, Nancy U. Guinta RN, MAN, Hanna Teresa C. Salgado RN, MAN, Zaida
M. Dimacisil RN for their constant support and guidance. Their encouragement and guidance have
significantly contributed to the completion of this paper.
To the dean of the College of Health Sciences, Mary Jane K. Balawag PhD, RN for the
approval of the conduct of the study. We are also deeply thankful to her as our research adviser for
their invaluable guidance, unwavering support, and insightful feedback throughout the course of
this research project. Their expertise, encouragement, and dedication have been instrumental in
shaping our work and ensuring its quality. Her suggestions and supervision were instrumental in
the successful writing of this study.
To our statistician Mr. Jericho Y .Baybayan MOS, CSPE, LPT, MAED-MEc for their
expertise and invaluable assistance in the statistical analysis of our research data. Their meticulous
attention to detail, insightful suggestions, and proficiency in statistical methodologies have
significantly enhanced the rigor and reliability of our findings.
To our respondents, who generously dedicated considerable time, patience, and effort in
completing our questionnaires. Their support greatly facilitated the achievement of this study's
objectives.
To our family, friends, and loved ones who supported us physically and emotionally
through all the breakdowns and hardships that we went through to accomplish this study.

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CHAPTER I

developed countries. However, it remains a blind spot in post-Soviet countries, particularly

patients that might risk patient safety.

According to Pehlivan et al., (2019) healthcare professionals' attitudes toward their

barangay development plan, restricted access to communication technology, the absence of a

to the lack of contextualized communication materials, and inactive community participation in

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 1

the near future (Udo et al., 2022).

Understanding the knowledge and behavior of barangay health workers concerning

elderly within the community.

Review of Related Literature

comprehensive background to the present investigation.

Knowledge of the Care of the Elderly

physical restraint has become necessary (Eskandari et al., 2018).

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 2

prioritizing personal connections over technical qualifications. Accreditation in formal and

improve the quality of care (Zeng et al., 2019).

demonstrated insufficient knowledge in the majority of cases. Similarly, A review of studies

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 3

These findings align with a similar study conducted in Nepal.

Behavior of the BHW towards care of the elderly

problems. As claimed by Lopez-Hernandez et al. (2021). In order to improve health outcomes in

effective communication. Furthermore, According to Hansson et al., (2018), Frail elderly

care organizations. Additionally, according to Naldan et al., (2018) Health professionals,

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 4

disregarding their opinions, excessive compassion, and a maternal approach.

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 5

elderly (Al-Atram et al., 2018).

professionals toward older people.

A systematic review by Marques et al., (2020) stated that health professionals,

opinions, excessive compassion, and maternal approach. Studies conducted in Africa,

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 6

Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura.

Health promotion is defined as behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 7

interactions, observational learning, and self-efficacy on human behavior. According to this

between BHW level of knowledge and behavior on elderly care.

knowledge and behavior on the care of elderly.

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Profile Characteristics of the BHW

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram Showing the Variables of the study.

Statement of the Problem

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 8

c. Years of service; and

d. Position in the Barangay?

2. What is the participants’ level of knowledge on the care of the elderly?

3. What is the participants' behavior on the care of the elderly?

Workers on the care of the elderly when grouped according to profile?

Ho 1. There is no significant difference in the participant's knowledge and behavior about

elderly care when grouped based on their profile.

Significance of the Study

delivery, disease prevention, early detection, empathetic development, resource optimization,

community health support, policy advocacy, interdisciplinary collaboration, equipping the

Knowledge and Behavior of Barangay Health Workers on the Care of Elderly 9

barangay health workers, guaranteeing higher-quality healthcare, stressing disease prevention,

facilitating early detection, cultivating empathy, maximizing resource utilization, promoting

community health, and advocating for improved elderly care.

barangay health workers, guaranteeing higher-quality healthcare, stressing disease prevention,

facilitating early detection, cultivating empathy, maximizing resource utilization, promoting

community health, and advocating for improved elderly care.

capacity to provide high-quality care, support evidence-based procedures, encourage

interdisciplinary teamwork, cultivate leadership qualities, provide advocacy training, impart

facilitate professional networking opportunities.