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 T470(E)(A12)T
APRIL EXAMINATION

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

ELECTROTECHNICS N4
(8080074)

12 April 2016 (X-Paper)

13:00–16:00

REQUIREMENTS: Graph paper

Calculators may be used.

This question paper consists of 6 pages and 1 formula sheet of 2 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(8080074) -2- T470(E)(A12)T

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
ELECTROTECHNICS N4
TIME: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Read ALL the questions carefully.

3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this question
paper.

4. Write neatly and legibly.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(8080074) -3- T470(E)(A12)T

QUESTION 1

1.1 Two capacitors of 12 microfarads and 6 microfarads respectively are

connected in series across a 20-volt supply.

Calculate the following:

1.1.1 The total capacitance. (2)

1.1.2 The pd across each capacitor. (4)

1.2 Why are certain currents that circulate in transformer cores undesirable and
what are they called? (3)

1.3 An aluminium conductor, 1,5 km long, is connected in parallel with a copper

conductor of the same length. When a current of 300 A passes through the
combination it is found that the current through the copper conductor is 100 A.
The diameter of the aluminium conductor is 5 mm.

Calculate the following:

1.3.1 The diameter of the copper conductor if the resistivity of copper is

0,018 micro-ohm metres and that of the aluminium is 0,028 micro-
ohm metres. (6)

1.3.2 The voltage drop across the conductors. (2)

1.4 The field coil of a motor has a resistance of 500 ohm at 40 °C.

By how much will the resistance increase if the motor reaches a temperature
of 60 °C when running? Take the temperature coefficient of resistance as
0,004 per °C at 40 °C. (3)
[20]

QUESTION 2

2.1 A DC-generator with an EMF 150 V and internal resistance of 0,25 ohms is
connected in parallel with a battery with an EMF of 80 V and internal
resistance of 0,6 ohms. The combination is used to supply a load with a
resistance of 5 ohms.

Draw the circuit and use Kirchhoff's laws to calculate:

2.1.1 The value of the current supplied by the generator (5)

2.1.2 The value of the current through the battery (2)

2.1.3 The terminal voltage across the load (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

(8080074) -4- T470(E)(A12)T

2.2 A resistance of 9 ohms is connected in parallel with a resistance of 9 ohms,

which is then connected in series with a third resistance. The circuit is
connected across a 100 V DC supply and draws a current of 20 A.

Calculate:

2.2.1 The voltage across the resistors (5)

2.2.2 The currents through the parallel resistors (2)

2.3 Define the term ampere. (3)

2.4 What is the reason why certain alloys are used in the manufacturing of
standard resistors for use in measuring instruments? (1)
[20]

QUESTION 3

3.1 The open-circuit characteristics of a separately excited DC-generator is as

follows:

Terminal voltage (V) 20 40 50 60 77,5 80 82,5

Field current (A) 1 2 3 4 8 10 12

Plot a graph and determine:

3.1.1 The voltage to which the machine will excite on no-load when
shunt connected if the total field resistance is 8 ohms

3.1.2 The value of the critical resistance (5 x 2) (10)

3.2 A short shunt compound generator supplies a load current of 40 A. It has a

shunt field resistance of 30 ohms, an armature resistance of 0,4 ohms and a
field resistance of 0, 25 ohms.

Calculate the armature EMF if the terminal voltage is 290 V. (5)

3.3 Name THREE methods that can be used to overcome the effects of armature
reaction. (3)

3.4 What is the chief purpose of a DC-motor starter? (2)

[20]

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(8080074) -5- T470(E)(A12)T

QUESTION 4

4.1 A single-phase 1110/111 -V, 50 Hz transformer has a net area of 10 cm² and
200 turns on the primary windings.

Calculate the following:

4.1.1 The maximum flux density in Tesla (3)

4.1.2 The number of turns on the secondary windings (2)

4.2 A sinusoidal AC-supply has a RMS value of 424,2 V and a periodic time of
25 milliseconds.

Calculate the following:

4.2.1 The maximum value of the voltage

4.2.2 The frequency of the supply (2 x 1) (2)

4.3 In a certain circuit of two parallel branches, the instantaneous branch currents
are represented by:
p
i1 = 6, 708Sin (wt + )A
6
p
i2 = 6, 708Sin (wt - )A
6

Calculate the magnitude of the supply current and write it in the form
i I max
Sin ( wt   ) (4)

4.4 An impedance of 15 + j10 ohms and an impedance of 15 – j10 are connected

in series across a 270,825 V 50 Hz supply.

Calculate the following:

4.4.1 The total impedance of the circuit (4)

4.4.2 The total current flowing in the circuit (1)

4.4.3 The current in each branch (2)

4.4.4 The total power (1)

4.4.5 The power factor of the circuit (1)

[20]

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(8080074) -6- T470(E)(A12)T

QUESTION 5

5.1 A single-phase transformer has 20 secondary turns and 40 primary turns. The
secondary winding is connected to a 200 volt supply.

Calculate the following:

5.1.1 The primary voltage (2)

5.1.2 The value of the primary current when the secondary current is
20 A (2)

5.1.3 The primary power if the load has a power factor of 0,6 (1)

5.2 Name THREE types of capacitors. (3)

5.3 What is the purpose of the capacitor in a single phase capacitor motor? (3)

5.4 Name TWO of the most common methods of cooling transformers. (2)

5.5 Name TWO types of feeders used in transmission systems. (2)

5.6 A 400 V DC-supply is connected across a circuit of a 200 ohms resistor in

series with a resistor of unknown value. A voltmeter with a resistance of
800 ohms is connected across the 200 ohms resistor and shows a reading of
200 volt.

Calculate the value of the unknown resistor. (5)

[20]

TOTAL: 100

Copyright reserved
(11040012) -1- T470(E)(A12)T

ELECTROTECHNICS N4

FORMULA SHEET

Any applicable formula may also be used.

1. Principles of electricity

E  V  Ir Q = VC
V = IR Qse  Qt  Q1  Q2 ...  Qn
Rse  R1  R2  ... Rn
1
C se 
1 1 1 1
Rp    ...
1 1 1 C1 C 2 Cn
  ...
R1 R2 Rn
Qp  Q1  Q2  ... Qn

R C p  C1  C2  ... Cn
a
R1 1   oT1

R2 1   oT2 2. Direct-current machines

2Z Np
Rt  R [1   (t   )] E . .
c 60
V2 c = 2a
P  VI  I R 
2
R Egen  V  I a Ra
mmf IN
  Emot  V  I a Ra
S S
IN (V  E )
H  Rstart   Ra
 Ia

F  BI
3. Alternating-current machines

E .N Em  2BANn
t
e  Em sin (2f. t  57,3)
E  Bv
Eave  0,637 Em
L I
E
t Erms  0,707 Em
 1
L .N T
I f

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(11040012) -2- T470(E)(A12)T

Np
f 
60
  2f
Z L  R  jL
1
Zc  R  j
C
R
pf  cos 
Z
S = VI

P  V . I cos  I 2 R
Q  V .I sin 

4. Transformers

E  4,44 f m N
N1 V1 I 2
kt   
N 2 V2 I1

5. Measuring instruments

im Rm
RSH 
I sh
V
Rse   Rm
im

Copyright reserved
 MARKING GUIDELINE

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
APRIL EXAMINATION
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

12 APRIL 2016

This marking guideline consists of 8 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

MARKING GUIDELINE -2- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

QUESTION 1

1
1.1 1.1.1
CS  1 1

 4μ F (2)
12 6

1.1.2 QT  Q1  Q2  VC =20 x 4 μF = 80 μC 
V = Q/C = 80/12 & 80/6
= 6,67 V  & 13,33 V  (4)

1.2 Eddy currents  They heat up the core  and is a waste of energy  (3)

1.3 1.3.1 I  I -I
a T C

 300  100 
 200A
πd2a π(5x10-3 )2
Aa 
2
  1, 963495408x10-5 m 
4 4
Pa x L a
Ra  but
Aa
0, 028x10 -6 x1 500

1, 963495408x10 -5 
 2,139042435 Ω (4)

1.3.2 4PcL c 4x0, 018x10-6 x1 500

d    2, 835 mm 
πR C π  4,27808487 

V a  I aR a 
 200x2,1390424352  427, 808487 V
V C  427, 8084870  4,27808487 Ω 
RC 
IC 100 (4)

1.4 R R
t
[1   30(t  40)]
30

 500[1  0, 004(60  40)]

 500[1  0, 004(20)] 
 540 Ω
(3)
 540 -500 = 40 Ω
[20]

Copyright reserved Please turn over

MARKING GUIDELINE -3- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

QUESTION 2

2.1 A I1 B I1 - I2 C

I2
DC
150 V 80 V

0,6 Ohm 5 Ohm

0,25 Ohm

F E D

Consider loop: ABEFA :loop:ACDFA

∑E - ∑IR = 0 ∑E - ∑IR = 0
( E1  E2 )  ( I1R1  I 2 R2 )  0

(E1 -E2 )  (I1R1 - I2R 2 )  0 E - I1R1  R 3 (I1 - I2 )  0

(150  80)  (0,25I1  0, 6I2 )  0  150  0,25I1  5I1  5I2  0 
70  0,25I1  0, 6I2  0..........(1) 150  5,25I1  5I2  ....... 2 
Eq. (1) x (5/0,6) = 583,333 – 2,0833 I1 + 5 I2 = 0 …(3)
Add (2) and (3) = 733,333 – 7,333 I1 = 0
Thus: I1 = 733,333/7,333 = 100 A
Substitute I1 = 100 A into Eq. (1)
70– 0,25(100) +0,6 I2 = 0
- I2 =70 – 25/0,6 = -45/0,6
- I2 = - 75 A Thus
I2 = 75 A
I1 - I2 = 100 – 75 = 25 A

2.1.1 I1 = 100 A from pos. to neg.  (5)

2.1.2 I2 = 75 A from neg. to pos.  (2)

2.1.3 VL = 25 x 5 = 125 V.  (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

MARKING GUIDELINE -4- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

2.2 V =IR
100 = 20 R
RT = 5 Ω 

2.2.1 1
R SE = R T  RP  5  1 1 ∴ V SE = IR SE VP  V T  VSE

R1 R 2

1
= 5- 1 1
 = 20 x 0,5 = 100 - 10

9
9
1
= 5- = 10V = 90 V 
0,222

= 5 – 4,5

= 0,5 Ω (5)

2.2.2 Ip  20A

but V P  90 V

VP 90
I5    10 A
R1 9
∴ 
VP 90
I20     10 A
R2 9 (2)

2.3 Ampere is defined as the current which is maintained in two straight parallel
conductors of infinite length of negligible cross-sectional area, and placed
1 metre apart in a vacuum, would produce between the conductors a force of
2 x 10ˉ 7 Newton per metre of length.  (3)

2.4 They are almost uneffected by temperature  (1)

[20]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -5- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

QUESTION 3
.

3.1

100 V
√

90 V

½√
√ √
80 V √ ½√
Vline/lyn = IR = 10 x 8 = 80 V √

70 V
½√
Marks/Punte
60 V
Graph/Grafiek =3
Vline/lyn =2
Labels/Byskrifte = 1
50 V Ans/Antw =2
EMF Rcrit/krit =2
IN TOT = 10
VOLTS/

EMK
40 V ½√ R crit/krit = V/I =40/20 = 2 Ohms √
IN
VOLTS
½√
30 V

20 V ½√

10 V

½√
0
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A

CURRENT IN AMPERES / STROOM IN AMPERE ½√

(10)

3.2 V + I LR SE
ISH =
R SH
290 + (40x0, 25) 
=
30
300
=
30
= 10 A

Ia = IL + ISH
= 40 + 10 
= 50 A

E = V + I aR a + I LR SE
= 290 + (50x0, 4) + (40x0, 25) 
= 320 V (5)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -6- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

3.3  Brush shifting

 Using interpoles
 By placing compensating windings in the pole shoes (3)

3.4 To limit the initial starting current to an acceptable value (2)

[20]

QUESTION 4

4.1 E 1 = 4,44 m fN 1

4.1.1  m = E 1 / 4,44f N 1
= 1110/4,44x50x200x10x10⁻⁴
= 25 Tesla (3)

V 2xN1 = 111x200 = 20 Turns 

4.1.2
N2 = 1110
V1 (2)

4.2 4.2.1 V rms = 0,707 V m

424, 2
Vm = = 600 V
0, 707

4.2.2 1
T =
f
1 1
f = = = 40 Hz 
t
- 3
25x10
(2 x 1) (2)

i1 = 6, 708Ð30° = 5, 8093 + j3, 354

4.3

i2 = 6, 708Ð - 30° = 5, 8093 - j3, 354 

Total current =11,6186 +j 0
= 11,6186∠0˚
i T = 11, 6186 Sin(wt + 0°)A  (4)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

MARKING GUIDELINE -7- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

4.4 4.4.1 Z 1 = 15 + j 10 = 18, 03Ð33, 69° 

Z 2 = 15 - j 10 = 18, 03Ð - 33, 69° 
Z1 + Z2 = 30 - j0 = 30  0  
1
Z1X Z2
ZT = Z1 + Z 2
18, 03Ð33, 69°x18, 03Ð - 33, 69°
= 
30Ð0°
= 10, 833Ð0° = 10, 833 - j0, Ω

V 270, 825Ð0°
V = I Z ∴ IT  = =25∠0˚A 
ZT 10, 833Ð0° (4)

4.4.2 V
I1  = 270, 825Ð0 ˚/ 18, 03Ð33, 69 = 15, 023Ð - 33, 69 ˚A 
(1)
Z1

4.4.3 V
I1  = 270, 825Ð0 ˚/ 18, 03Ð33, 69 = 15, 023Ð - 33, 69 ˚A 
Z1
V
I2   270, 825Ð0 ˚/ 18, 03Ð33, 69 = 15, 023Ð33, 69 ˚A 
Z2 (2)

4.4.4 P=V²/R = 270,825²/10,833 = 6,77 Kw or

P=I²R = 25² x 10,833 = 6,77 kW or

P = VI = 270,825 X 25 = 6,77Kw  (1)

4.4.5 R 10, 833

CosΘ = = =1 (1)
Z 10, 833
[20]

QUESTION 5

5.1 5.1.1 VP NP VN 200x40

 ∴ VP  S P = = 400 V 
VS NS NS 20 (2)

5.1.2 VS I S 200x20
∴ IP  = = 10 A 
VP 400 (2)

5.1.3 P = VS IS Cos Q = 200 x 20 x 0, 6 = 2 400 W  (1)

5.2 Air, Paper, Mica, Ceramic, Polycarbonate, Electrolytic (Any 3 x 1) (3)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

MARKING GUIDELINE -8- T470(E)(A12)T
ELECTROTECHNICS N4

5.3 It produces a constant torque and lets the motor run quietly and ensures that
it operates at a good power factor. (3)

5.4 Natural cooling by atmospheric circulation

Oil-immersed with natural cooling (2)

5.5 Radial and ring feeders (2)

5.6 V 200
IV = = = 0, 25 A 
RV 800

V 200
IR = = = 1A 
R 200

I T = IR + I V = 1 + 0, 25 = 1, 25 A 

V X =V T -V R =400 – 200 = 200 V

VX 200
Rx = = = 160 Ω 
IT 1, 25 (5)
[20]

TOTAL: 100

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