Page 10

1. Make the following number sequences, from the sequence of

equilateral triangles, squares, regular pentagons and so on, of
regular polygons:

a) Number of sides 3,4,5, …

b) b) Sum of inner angles
c) Sum of outer angles
d) One inner angle
e) One outer angle

◦
Sum of the inner angles of a polygon of n sides= (𝑛 − 2) × 180
Measure of one inner angle of regular polygon=sum of the angles÷ 𝑛
Measure of an outer angle of a regular polygon= 360÷ 𝑛
(a) Sequence of n number of sides 3,4,5,6,7,.....
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
(b) sequence of sum of inner angles : 180 ,360 ,540 ,720 ,900 ,........
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
(c) sequence of sum of outer angles : 360 ,360 ,360 ,360 ,360 ,.......
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
(d) sequence of inner angles : 60 ,90 ,108 ,120 ,........
◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
(e) sequence of one outer angle : 120 ,90 ,72 ,60 ,.......

2. Look at these triangles made with dots.How many dots are there in
each? Compute the number of dots needed to make nest three
triangles.
 3 dots in the first triangle, 6 dots in the second triangle, 10 dots in the third
triangle and so on.
Number dots in the next triangle = 1+2+3+4+5=15
Number of dots in the next triangle = 1+2+3+4+5+6=21
Next triangle =1+2+3+4+5+6+7=28 dots.
(consider it as adding one more row of dots at the bottom of each triangle)

3. Write down the sequence of natural numbers leaving remainder 1

on division by 3 and the sequence of natural numbers leaving
remainder 2 on division by 3.

Sequence of natural numbers leaving remember 1 on division by

3 = 1,4,7,10,13,16,....
Sequence of natural numbers leaving remainder 2 on division by
3 = 2,5,8,11,14,17,....

4. Write down the sequence of natural numbers ending in 1 or 6 and

describe it in two other ways.

The sequence of natural numbers ending in 1 or 6 = 1,6,11,16,21,26,....

We can describe it in different ways.
(1) The sequence of natural numbers starting from 1 and 5 added
continuously.
(2) The sequence of natural numbers which leave a remainder 1 on division
by 5.

5. A tank contains 1000 litres of water and it flows out at the rate of 5
litres per second. How much water is there in the tank after each
second? Write their numbers as a sequence.

Volume of water left in the tank after each second

= 1000, 995,990,985,980,975,....
Page 15

1. Write the algebraic expression for each of the sequences below:

a. Sequence of odd numbers.
b. Sequence of natural numbers which leave remainder 1 on
division by 3.
c. The sequence of natural numbers ending in 1.
d. The sequence of natural numbers ending in 1 or 6.

(a) Sequence=1,3,5,7,9,...

Position 1 2 3 4 …..

Term 1= 3= 5= 7= …..
(1 × 2) − (2 × 2) − (3 × 2) − 1 (4 × 2) − 1

𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛 × 2 − 1 = 2𝑛 − 1

Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1

(b) Sequence=1,4,7,10,13,...

Position 1 2 3 4 ….

Term 1= 4= 7= 10= ….
(3 × 1) − (3 × 2) − (3 × 3) − (3 × 4) −

𝑥𝑛 = 3𝑛 − 2
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 3𝑛 − 2
 (c) Sequence=1,11,21,31,41,...

Position 1 2 3 4 …
.

Term 1= 11= 21= 31= …

(1 × 10) − (2 × 10) − (3 × 10) − (4 × 10) − 9 .

𝑥𝑛 = (𝑛 × 10) − 9 = 10𝑛 − 9
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 10𝑛 − 9

(d) Sequence=1,6,11,16,21,26,...

Position 1 2 3 4 ….

Term 1= 6= 11= 16= ….

(1 × 5) − 4 (2 × 5) −(3 × 5) − 4(4 × 5) −

𝑥𝑛(𝑛 × 5) − 4 = 5𝑛 − 4
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 5𝑛 − 4

2. For the sequence of regular polygons starting with an equilateral

triangle, write the Algebraic expressions for the sequence of the sums of
inner angles, the sums of the Outer angles, the measures of an inner angle
and the measures of an outer angle.

(a) Sequence=180,360,540,720,...
 Position 1 2 3 4 ...
.

Term 180 = 1 × 18 360 = 2 × 18540 = 3 × 18720 = 4 × 180 ...

.
𝑛 × 180 = 180𝑛
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 180𝑛

(b) Sequence=360,360,360,360,...

Position 1 2 3 4 ....

Term 360= 360= 360= 360= ....

1 2 3 4
360 × 1 360 × 2 360 × 3 360 × 4

𝑛
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 360 × 𝑛
𝑜𝑟 𝑥𝑛 = 360 +0n

(c) Sequence=60,90,108,120,...

Position 1 2 3 4 ....

Term 60= 90= 108= 120= ....

180×1 180×2 180×3 180×4
1+2 2+2 3+2 4+2
180𝑛
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛+2

(d) Sequence=120,90,72,60,...

Position 1 2 3 4 ....

Term 120= 90= 72= 60= ....

360 360 360 360
1+2 2+2 3+2 4+2
360
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛+2
3. Look at these pictures:

The first picture is got by removing the small triangle formed by

joining the midpoints of an equilateral triangle. The second picture is got
by removing such a middle triangle from each of the red triangles of the
first picture. The third picture. Shows the same thing done on the second.
a. How many red triangles are there in each picture?
b. Taking the area of the original uncut triangle as1, compute the area of
a small triangle in each picture.
c. What is the total area of all red triangles in each picture?
d. Write the algebraic expression for these three sequences obtained by
continuing this process.

(a) Number of red triangles=3,9,27,...

(b) The first picture is obtained by dividing the uncut triangle into 4 equal parts.
1
So the area of one small triangle in the first picture= 4
The uncut triangle is divided into 16 equal parts and we got the second
1
picture. So the area of small triangle in the second picture= 16

(c) Area of the uncut triangle=1

3
Area of the red triangles in the first picture= 4
 9
Area of the red triangles in the second picture= 16
27
Area of the red triangles in the third picture= 64

(d) a. Sequence =3,9,27,...

1 2 3
They can be written as 3 , 3 , 3 ,...
𝑛
So the algebraic expression is 𝑥𝑛 = 3
1 1 1
b. The sequence of the area of one red triangle= 4 , 16
, 64
,...
1
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛
4
3 9 27
c. The sequence of the total area= 4 , 16 , 64
,...

Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = ( )
3
4
𝑛

Page 18, 19

1. Check whether each of the sequences given below is an arithmetic

sequence. Give reasons. For the arithmetic sequences, write the
common difference also.
a. Sequence of odd numbers
b. Sequence of even numbers
c. Sequence of fractions got as half the odd numbers
d. Sequence of powers of 2
e. Sequence of reciprocals of natural numbers

(a) Sequence = 1,3,5,7,9,...

3-1=2, 5-3=2, 7-5=2,...
It is an arithmetic sequence since the difference between the
consecutive terms is the same number.
Common difference=3-1=2.

(b) Sequence = 2,4,6,8,...

4-2=2, 6-4=2, 8-6=2,....
 It is an arithmetic sequence since the difference between the
consecutive terms
is the same number.
Common difference = 4-2=2
1 3 5 7 9
(c) Sequence = 2
, 2
, 2
, 2
, 2
,....
3 1 3−1
2
− 2
= 2
=1
7 5 7−5 2
2
− 2
= 2
= 2
=1
It is an arithmetic sequence since the difference between the
consecutive terms
is the same number.
Common difference = 1
2 3 4
(d) sequence = 2,2 , 2 , 2 ,....... = 2, 4, 8, 16,....
4-2=2, 8-4=4
The difference between two consecutive terms is not the same
number. So its not
an arithmetic sequence.
1 1 1 1
(e) sequence = 1
, 2
, , ,....
3 4
1 1 1 2 1−2 −1
2
− 1
= 2
− 2
= 2 = 6
1 1 2 3 2−3 −1
3
− 2
= 6
− 6
= 6 = 6
The difference between two consecutive terms is not the same
number. So it is not an arithmetic sequence.

2. Look at these pictures:

If the pattern is continued, do the numbers of coloured squares

form an arithmetic sequence? Give reasons.

Sequence of the number of coloured small squares

= 8,12,16,20,
(6+5+5+4),....
12-8=4,
16-12=4,
20-16=4,.....
It is an arithmetic sequence since the difference between two consecutive
terms is the same number.
Common difference = 12-8=4

3. See the pictures below:

a. How many small squares are there in each rectangle?

b. How many large squares?
c. How many squares in all?
Continuing this pattern, is each such sequence of numbers, an
arithmetic sequence?

(a) sequence of the number of small squares=2,4,6,8,...

4-2=2, 6-4=2,....
It is an arithmetic sequence.
(b) sequence of the number of squares in all =0,1,2,3,,...
1-0=1, 2-1=-,...
It is an arithmetic sequence.
(c) sequence of the number of squares in all = 2,5,8,11,...
5-2=3, 8-5=3, 11-8=3,...
It is an arithmetic sequence.
4. In the staircase shown here the height of the first step is 10
centimetres and the height of each step after it is 17.5 centimetres.

a. How high from the ground would be someone climbing up, after
each step?
b. Write these numbers as a sequence.

(a) height as he climbs each step = 10cm, 27.5cm, 45cm, 62.5cm, 80cm,
97.5cm,...
(b) sequence = 10,27.5,45,62.5,80,97.5,....

5. In this picture, the perpendiculars to the bottom line are equally

spaced. Prove that, continuing like this, the lengths of perpendiculars
form an arithmetic sequence.
In figure ΔOAB, ΔOCD are similar right-angled triangles. That is if one side and
its included angles of a triangle are equal to the one side and included angles of
another triangle, then the triangles are similar.
∴ sides are proportional.

EF = 3AB. Sequence of length of perpendicular AB, 2AB, 3AB,………..

That is AB is the common difference, so perpendicular lengths are in arithmetic
sequence

6. The algebraic expression of a sequence is

𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛3 − 6𝑛𝑍 + 13𝑛 − 7 Is it an arithmetic sequence?

3 2
Algebraic expression of the sequence, 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑛 − 6𝑛 + 13𝑛 − 7
3 2
First term =1 -6× 1 + 13 × 1 − 7
= 1 − 6 + 13 − 7 = 14 − 13 = 1
3 2
Second term = 2 − 6 × 2 + 13 × 2 − 7
= 8 − 24 + 26 − 7 = 34 − 31 = 3
3 2
Third term = 3 − 6 × 3 + 13 × 3 − 7
= 27 − 54 + 39 − 7 = 66 − 61 = 5
3 2
Fourth term = 4 − 6 × 4 + 13 × 4 − 7
= 64 − 96 + 52 − 7 = 116 − 103 = 13
sequence= 1,3,5,13,...
The difference between the consecutive terms is not the same number. So it is
not an Arithmetic sequence.
Page 21, 22

1. In each of the arithmetic sequences below, some terms are

missing and their positions are marked with . Find them.
a. 24, 42,__,__,...
b. __, 24, 42 ,__, …
c. __ ,__,24,42, ...
d. 24,__, 42,__, ...
e. __, 24,__, 42, ...
f. 24,__,__, 42, ...

(a) 24,42,_,_,....
Common difference = 42-24=18
Third term =42+18=60
Fourth term = 60+18=78
Arithmetic sequence 24, 42, 60, 78, ………….

(b) _,24,42,...
Common difference = 42-24=18
First term - 24-18=6
Fourth term = 42+18=60
Arithmetic sequence 6, 24, 42, 60, …………

(c) _,_,24,42,...
Common difference = 42-24=18
Second term= 24-18=6
First term= 6-18=12
Arithmetic sequence – 12, 6, 24, 42, ………

(d) 24,_,42,_,.....
42-24=18. There are 2 common differences.
Common difference= 18÷ 2 = 9
Second term= 24+9=33
 Fourth term= 42+9=51
Arithmetic sequence 24, 33, 42, 51 ……..

(e) _,24,_,42,....
2 common differences= 42-24=18
Common difference= 18÷ 2 = 9
First term= 24-9=15
Third term= 24+9=33
Arithmetic sequence 15, 24, 33, 42

(f) 24,_,_,42,....
42-24=18. There are 3 common differences.
Common difference = 18÷ 3 = 6
Second term= 24+6=30
Third term= 30+6=36
Arithmetic sequence 24. 30, 36, 42……..

2. The terms in two positions of some arithmetic sequences are given

below.
Write the first five terms of each.
a. 3rd term 34
6th term 67
b. 3rd term 43
6th term 76
c. 3rd term 2
5th term 3
d. 4th term 2
7th term 3
e. 2nd term 5
5th term 2

𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ
(a) 3 term 34, 6 term 67
Difference between the terms= 67-34=33
 Difference between the term positions= 6-3=3
So 33× 3 = 11
𝑟𝑑
Subtracting 2 times common difference from the 3 term we get the first term.
First term= 34-2× 11 = 34 − 22 = 12
Now we can write the arithmetic sequence by adding the common difference
repeatedly.
sequence= 12,23,34,45,56,...

𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ
(b) 3 term 43, 6 term 76
Difference between the= terms= 76-43=33
Difference between the term positions= 6-3=3
So 33=3×common difference.
Common difference= 33÷ 3 = 11
Subtract 2 times the common difference from 43 to get the first term.
First term= 43-2×11=43-22=21
Sequence= 21,32,43,54,65,...

𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ
(c) 3 term 2, 5 term 3
Difference between the terms= 3-2=1
Difference between the term position= 5-3=2
1=2×common difference
Common difference= 1÷2= 1/2
To get the term, subtract 2 common differences from 2.
First term= 2-2×0.5=2-1=1
sequence= 1, 1.5 ,2, 2.5, 3,...

𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ
(d) 4 term 2, 7 term 3
Difference between the terms= 3-2=1
Difference between the term positions= 7-4=3
3 common differences= 1
1
Common difference= 3
Subtract 3 common differences from 2 to get the first term
1
First term=2 − 3 × 3 = 2 − 1 = 1
 1 2 1
sequence= 1,1 3 ,1 3 ,2,2 3 ,....

𝑟𝑑 𝑡ℎ
(e) 2 term 5, 5 term 2
Difference between the terms= 2-5=3
Difference between the term positions= 5-2=3
−3
Common difference= 3
=− 1
Subtract the common difference from 5 to get the first term
First term= 5-(− 1) = 5 + 1 = 6
sequence= 6,5,4,3,2,...

3. The 5 term of an arithmetic sequence is 38 and the 9 term is 66.

What is its 25th term?

5th term = 38,9th term =66

Difference between the terms=66-38=28
Difference between the term positions = 9-5=4
28= 4 × 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
Common difference = 28÷4=7
25th term = 5th term +20 common difference
= 38+20×7=38+140=178

4. Is 101 a term of the arithmetic sequence 13, 24, 35, ...? What about
1001?

Common difference= 24-13=11

Difference between 101 and the first term= 101-13=88
Let's check whether this difference is a multiple of the common difference.
88÷11=8
Since the difference between is a multiple of the common difference, 101 is a
term of this
sequence.
1001-101=900
This difference is not a multiple of 11. So 1001 is not a term of this sequence.
5. How many three-digit numbers are there, which leave a remainder 3
on division by 7?

All numbers which leave a remainder 3 on dividing by 7 are in arithmetic

sequence with
Common difference 7.
Smallest three digit number=100
On dividing 100 by 7, quotient= 14, remainder= 2
Therefore on dividing 101 by 7, remainder = 3
The first three digit number which leave a remainder 3 on dividing by 7= 101
The largest three digit number= 999
On dividing 999 by 7, quotient= 142, remainder= 5
Therefore on dividing 999 by 7,remainder= 3
Last number which leave a remainder 3 on dividing by 7= 997
Sequence = 101,108,115,....997
997-101=896, 896÷7=128
On adding the common difference 7, 128 times we get 997. So 997 is the 129th
term if this Sequence.
So number of term in this sequence= 129

6. Fill up the empty cells of the given square such that the number in each
brown and
Column form arithmetic sequences:

What if we use some other numbers instead of 1, 4, 28 and 7?

Consider the column 1,----,----,7.

Difference between the terms= 7-1=6
 Difference between their position= 4-1=3
6=3×common difference
Common difference = 6÷3=2
Therefore sequence= 1,3,5,7,...
Consider the column 4,----,-----,28.
Difference between the terms= 28-4=24
Difference between the positions= 4-1=3
Therefore common difference= 24÷3=8
sequence= 4,12,20,28.
In the same way

7. In the table below, some arithmetic sequences are given with 2 numbers
against each. Check whether each belongs to the sequence or not.
Method of checking: first find the common difference of the sequence. Then find
the difference between the given number and the first term, if this difference is a
multiple of the common difference, then write the answer yes, otherwise write the
answer no.
Example : common difference of the sequence 11,22,33,.... Is 22-11=11
123-11=112
112÷11=10.18
The difference is not a multiple of the common difference. So 123 is not in this
sequence.

132-11=121
121÷11=11
The difference is a multiple of the common difference.
So 132 belongs to this sequence.

Sequence Numbers yes/no

123 no
 11,22,33,... 132 yes

100 yes
12,23,34,...
1000 no

100 no
21,32,43,,...
1000 yes

1
,
1
,
3
,... 3 yes
4 2 4
4 yes

3
,
1 1
, 2 4 ,... 3 yes
4 2
4 no

Page 24, 25

1. The 8th` term of an arithmetic sequence is 12 and its 12t` term is

8.What is the algebraic expression for this sequence?

Difference between the terms= 8-12=-4

Difference between the term positions= 12-8=4
-4=4×common difference
Common difference, d= -4÷4= -1
To get the first term, subtract the common difference 7 times from the 8th
term.
1st term = 12-(7×-1)=12-(-7)=12+7=19
 sequence= 19,18,17,...
If we take f as the first term of an arithmetic sequence and d as the
common difference,
𝑡ℎ
𝑛 term = dn+(f-d)
𝑡ℎ
𝑛 term of this sequence = -1×n+(19−-1)
= -n+(19+1)=n+20=20-n
Therefore algebraic expression for this sequence; 𝑥𝑛 = 20 − 𝑛

2. The Bird problem in Class 8 (the lesson, Equations) can be

slightly changed as follows.

One bird said:

"We and we again, together with half of us and half of that, and
one more is a natural number"

Write all the possible number of birds, starting from the least.
For each of these, write the sum told by the bird also.

Find the algebraic expression for these two sequences.

Let the number of birds be x

1 1
𝑥+𝑥+ 2
𝑥+ 4
𝑥 + 1should be a natural number.
4𝑥+4𝑥+2𝑥+𝑥
4
+ 1a natural number.
11𝑥+4
There is 4 in the denominator of 4
So to get a natural number on simplification, the numerator must be a
multiple of 4 and x, a multiple of 4.
11𝑥+4 11×4+4 48
If 𝑥 = 4, 4
= 4
= 4
= 12
11𝑥+4 11×8+4 92
If 𝑥 = 8, 4
= 4
= 4
= 34
In the same way if x=12, total number = 34
If x=16,total number = 45
 Sequence of the possible number of birds= 4,8,12,16,...
Sequence of the sum= 12,23,34,45,...
Nth term of the sequence= dn+(f-d) d=8-4=4, f=4
=4n+(4-4)
=4n+0=4n
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 4𝑛
Nth term of the sequence 12,23,34,45,...
=dn+(f-d)=11n+(12-11) d=23-12=11, f=12
=11n+1
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 11𝑛 + 1

1
3. Prove that the arithmetic sequence with first term 3
and
1
common difference 6
contains all natural numbers.

nth term of the sequence= dn+(f-d)

1
=6 𝑛 + (1
1
1 1
− 6 = 6 ) 𝑛+ ( 2
6
−
1
6 ) 1
f= 3
1 2−1 1 1 1 1
=6 𝑛 + ( 6 )= 6𝑛 + 6
= 6
(𝑛 + 1) d= 6
1
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 6
(𝑛 + 1)
Give the values 1,2,3,...to n to get the terms of the sequence.
We have to prove that it contains all natural numbers.
1
The denominator of 6
(𝑛 + 1)is 6. So if the numerator is 6 or a multiple of
6, we get a natural number.
1 1
If 𝑛 = 5, 6
(5 + 1) = 6
×6=1
1 1
If 𝑛 = 11, 6
(11 + 1) = 6
× 12 = 2
1 1
If 𝑛 = 17, 6
(17 + 1) = 6
× 18 = 3
1 1
If 𝑛 = 23, 6
(23 + 1) = 6
× 24 = 4
So this sequence contains all natural numbers.
 1
4. Prove that the arithmetic sequence with first term 3
and
2
common difference 3
contains all odd numbers, but no even
number.

nth term of the sequence= 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)

2 1 2 2 1−2 1
= 3
𝑛 + (3 − 3
)= 3
𝑛+( 3
) f= 3
2 1 1 2
= 3
𝑛− 3
= 3
(2𝑛 − 1) d= 3
1
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 3
(2𝑛 − 1)
For all values of 2n-1 is an odd number. Dividing an odd number by 3
never gives an
even number. So this sequence has no even number. When the numerator
is 3 or
multiple of 3, we get a natural number.
1 1
If 𝑛 = 2, 3
(4 − 1) = 3
×3=1
1 1
If 𝑛 = 5, 3
(10 − 1) = 3
×9=3
1 1
If 𝑛 = 8, 3
(16 − 1) = 3
× 15 = 5
1 1
If 𝑛 = 11, 3
(22 − 1) = 3
× 21 = 7
So the sequence contains all odd numbers.

5. Prove that the squares of all the terms of the arithmetic

sequence
4, 7, 10, ... belong to the sequence.

nth term of the sequence= 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)

= 3𝑛 + (4 − 3) = 3𝑛 − 1
Algebraic expression; 𝑥𝑛 = 3𝑛 + 1
That means all the terms are 1 added to a multiple of 3. Now let's find its
square.
2 2 2
(3𝑛 + 1) = (3𝑛) + 2 × 3𝑛 × 1 + 1
2
= 9𝑛 + 6𝑛 + 1
 2 2
Subtracting the first term from this , 9𝑛 + 6𝑛 + 1 − 4 = 9𝑛 6𝑛 − 3
2
= 3(3𝑛 + 2𝑛 − 1)
This is multiple of the common difference 3.
So the squares of the terms of the sequence belong to the sequence.

6. Prove that the arithmetic sequence 5, 8, 11, ... contains no

perfect squares.

nth term of the sequence = 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)

= 3𝑛 + 5 − 𝑑 f=5, d=8-5=3
= 3𝑛 + 2
On dividing any terms of this sequence by 3, the remainder is 2. So to
prove that this Sequence contains no perfect squares, it is enough to show
that the remainder got on dividing any perfect square by 3, the remainder
is not equal to 2.
The remainder on dividing any natural number by 3, the remainder is 0 or
1 or 2. So any natural number can be written in the form 3n, 3n+1 or 3n+2.
2 2
Now let’s find their squares. (3𝑛) = 9𝑛
All these are multiples of 3. So the remainder on dividing them by 3 is 0.

2 2 2
(3𝑛 + 1) = 9𝑛 + 6𝑛 + 1 = 3(3𝑛 2𝑛) + 1
The remainder on dividing this square by 3 is 1.
2 2 2
(3𝑛 + 2) = 9𝑛 + 12𝑛 + 4 = 3(3𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 1)+1
The remainder on dividing this square by 3 is 1.
So the remainder on dividing any perfect square by 3 is either 0 or 1. The
remainder is never 2. Only numbers which leave a remainder 2 will be in
this sequence.
So this sequence contains no perfect squares.

11 14 17
7. Write the whole numbers in the arithmetic sequence 8
, 8
, 8
,... do
they form an arithmetic sequence?

nth term of the sequence= 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 + 𝑑)

 =
3
8
𝑛+ ( 11
8
+
3
8 )= 3𝑛
8
+
8
8
=
3𝑛+8
8
3𝑛+8
For 8
to be a whole number, n should be a multiple of 8.
3𝑛+8 24+8 32
If n=8, 8 = 8 = 8 = 4
3𝑛+8 48+8 56
If n=16, 8 = 8 = 8 = 7
3𝑛+8
And if n=24, 8 = 10
Sequence of the whole number = 4,7,10,...
7-4=3, 10-7=3
Since there is a common difference, the sequence is an arithmetic
sequence.

Page 28

1. Write three arithmetic sequences with 30 as the sum of the first five
terms.

Since the sum of the first five terms is 30, 30 is 5 times the idle number.
If x is the middle term, 5x=30,x=30÷5=6
Taking 6 as the middle term and with any number you like as the common
difference, you can write arithmetic sequences.
a. 4,5,6,7,8(common difference 1)
b. 2,4,6,8,10(common difference 2)
c. -2,2,6,10,14(common difference 4)

2. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 1 and the sum of the first
four terms is 100. Find the first four terms.

The first terms can be put in two pairs with the same sum.
❏ First and fourth
❏ Second and third
The sum of the 4 terms is 100. So the sum of each pair=100÷2=50
Sum of the first and fourth terms =50
1+ fourth term=50
Fourth term=50-1=49
 1st term=1
4th term=49
Difference between the terms= 49-1=48
Difference between the term positions= 4-1=3
3 common difference= 48
Common difference= 48÷3=16
sequence= 1,17,33,49,...

3. Prove that for any four consecutive terms of an arithmetic

sequence, the sum of the two terms on the two ends and the
sum of the two terms in the middle are the same.

Let x be the first term and d be the common difference of the arithmetic
sequence.
First 4 terms= x,x+d,x+2d,x+3d
Sum of the two term on the 2 ends= x+x+3d
=2x+3d
Sum the 2 terms in the middle =x+d+x+2d
=x+x+d+2d
=2x+3d
They both are equal

4. Write four arithmetic sequences with 100 as the sum of the first
four terms.

Sum of the 1st 4 terms =100

Sum of 1st and 4th terms and sum of the 2nd and 3rd terms are equal.
Therefore 2nd term+3rd term=50
Write any two numbers whose sum is 50 as the two middle term.
Consider ___,20,30,___
Common difference=30-20=10
1st term=20-10=10
4th term=30+10=40
sequence= 10,20,30,40,...
Three other sequence are given below.
 22,24,26,28,...(common difference 2)
16,22,28,34,...(common difference 6)
4,18,32,46,...(common difference 14)

5. Write the first three terms of each of the arithmetic sequences

described below:
a. First term 30; the sum of the first three terms is 300
b. First term 30; the sum of the first four terms is 300
c. First term 30; the sum of the first five terms is 300
d. First term 30; the sum of the first six terms is 300

a. sum of the 1st 3 terms=300

2nd term= 300÷3=100
1st term=30(given)
Common difference=100-30=70
3rd term= 100+70=170
sequence= 30,100,170,...
b. Sum of the 1st 4 terms= 300
Sum of the 1st and 4th terms and sum of the 2nd and 3rd terms are
equal
1st term+4th term=150
1st term=30(given)
30+4th term=150
4th term =150+30 =120
30,___,___,120,...
Difference between the 1st and 4th terms = 120-30 = 90
Difference between the term position = 4-1 = 3
3 common difference = 90
Common difference = 90÷3 = 30
1st 3 terms = 30,60,90….
c. sum of the 1st five terms = 300
Middle term(3rd term) = 300÷5 = 60
1st term=30(given)
30,___,60,___,___,....
2 common difference = 60-30 = 30
 1st three terms= 30,45,60,75,90...
d. Sum of the 1st 6 terms=300
1st term+6th term =2nd term+5th term =3rd term+4th term
Sum of 3 pairs= 300
Sum of one pair= 300÷3 = 100
1st term+6th term=100
1st term=30(given)
Therefore 6th term= 100-30 = 70
30,___,___,___,___,70
Difference between the terms 70 and 30 = 70-30=40
Difference between the term positions = 6-1=5
5 common difference = 40
Common difference = 40÷5= 8
2nd term = 30+8=38
First three terms= 30,38,46,54, 62,70,...

6. The sum of the first five terms of an arithmetic sequence is 150 and the
sum of the first ten terms is 550.
i. What is the third term of the sequence?
ii. What is the eighth term?
iii. What are the first three terms of the sequence?

Answer:
i. Sum of first five terms = 150
Sum of the five consecutive terms of arithmetic sequence is five times of its
middle term.
Third term = 150/5 = 30

ii. First term + Tenth term = Second term + Nineth term = Third term + Eighth
term = Fourth term + Seventh term = Fifth term + Sixth term = 550/5 = 110
Third term + Eighth term = 110
Eighth term =110 – Third term
= 110 – 30 = 80

iii. Third term = 30

Eighth term = 80
Term difference = 80 – 30 = 50
Position difference = 8 – 3 = 5
Common difference = 50/5 = 10
∴ Sequence = 10, 20, 30,…………….

7. The angles of a pentagon are in arithmetic sequence. Prove that its

smallest angle is greater than 36°.

◦ ◦ ൦
Sum of the angles = (𝑛 − 2) × 180 = (5 − 2) × 180 = 540
The angles are in an arithmetic sequence.
540
So the middle term = 50
= 108
Since the sum of the 1st term and 5th term is double the 3rd term,
1st term+5th term=108×2=216
If the 1st term is 36, 36+5th term = 216
5th term =216-36=180
If the 1st term is less than 36, the 5th term will be greater than 180. So if
the measure of
◦
the smallest angle is 36 or less, the largest angle will be 180𝑐or more.
The inner angle
◦
of any polygon cannot be 180 . so the smallest angle of a pentagon is
◦
greater than 36 .

Page 35

1. Find the sum of the first 25 terms of each of the arithmetic sequences
below.
a. 21,32,43,...
b. 12,23,34,...
c. 21,32,43,...
d. 19,28,37,...
e. 1,6,11,...
a) 11,22,33,...
1
Sum of n terms = 2
𝑛 (1st term+last term) f=11
1st term = 11,n= 25,
d=22-11=11
Last term = 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)
= 11 × 25 + (11 + 11) = 275 + 0 = 275
1
Sum = 2
× 25 × (11 + 275)
1
= 2
× 25 × 286 = 3575
b) 12,23,34,...
1
Sum of n terms = 2
𝑛 (1st term+last term) f=12
1st term = 12,n= 25,
d=23-12=11
Last term = 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)
= 11 × 25 + (12 − 11) = 275 + 1 = 276
1
Sum = 2
× 25 × (12 + 276)
1
= 2
× 25 × 288 = 3600
c) 21,32,43,...
1
Sum of n terms = 2
𝑛 (1st term+last term) f=19
1st term = 21,n= 25,
d=32-21=11
Last term = 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)
= 11 × 25 + (21 − 11) = 275 + 10 = 285
1
Sum = 2
× 25 × (21 + 285)
1
= 2
× 25 × 306 = 3825
d) 19,28,37,...
1
Sum of n terms = 2
𝑛 (1st term+last term) f=1
1st term = 19,n= 25,
d=28-19=9
Last term = 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)
= 9 × 25 + (19 − 9) = 225 + 10 = 235
1
Sum = 2
× 25 × (19 + 235)
 1
= 2
× 25 × 254 = 3175
e) 1,6,11,...
1
Sum of n terms = 2
𝑛 (1st term+last term) f=11
1st term = 1,n= 25,
d=6-1=5
Last term = 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑)
= 5 × 25 + (1 − 5) = 121
1
Sum = 2
× 25 × (1 + 121) = 1525
2. What is the difference between the sum of the first 20 terms and the
next 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence 6,10,14, ...?
Arithmetic sequence = 6,10,14,...
20th term = 4 × 20 + (6 − 4) = 80 + 2 = 82
21st term = 82+4=86
40th term = 4 × 40 + (6 − 4) = 160 + 2 = 162
The first 20 terms = 6,10,14,.....,82.
Next 20 terms = 86,90,94,....162.
Difference between the 1st terms of the sequences = 86-6=80
Difference between the 2nd terms of these sequences= 90-10=80
So the difference between the sums = 80 × 20 = 1600

3. Calculate the difference between the sums of the first 20 terms of the
arithmetic sequences 6, 10, 14, ... and 15, 19, 23, ...
First sequence = 6,10,14,...
Second sequence = 15,19,23,...
Difference between the terms = 15-6=9
19-10=9, 23-14=9,....
Difference between the sums of 20 terms = 20 × 9 = 180

4. Find the sum of all three digit numbers, which are multiples of 9.
Three digit numbers which are multiple of 9 = 106,117,126,...,999
Since 𝑑𝑛 + (𝑓 − 𝑑) is the last term.
9𝑛 + (108 − 9) = 999
9𝑛 + 99 = 999
9𝑛 = 999 − 99 = 900
 𝑛 = 999 ÷ 9 = 100
1
Sum = 2
𝑛(1st term+last term)
1 1
= 2
× 100 × (108 + 999) = 2
× 100 × 1107 = 55350

5. The expressions for the sum to n terms of some arithmetic

sequences are given below. Find the expression for the nth term of
each:
2
a. 𝑛 + 2𝑛
2
b. 2𝑛 + 𝑛
2
c. 𝑛 − 2𝑛
2
d. 2𝑛 − 𝑛
2
e. 𝑛 − 𝑛

2
a. 𝑛 + 2𝑛
2
Sum of the 1st one term = 1st term = 1 + 2 × 1 = 1 + 2 = 3
f=3
2
Sum of the 1st 2 term = 2 + 2 × 2 = 4 + 4 = 8
d=5-3=2
1st term + 2nd term = 8
3+2nd term = 8
2nd term = 8-3=5
nth term = dn+(f-d)
=2n+(3-2)=2n+1
2
b. 2𝑛 + 𝑛
2
Sum of the 1st term = 1st term = 2 × 1 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3
f=3
2
Sum of the 1st 2 terms = 2 × 2 + 2 = 8 + 2 = 10
d=7-3=4
3+2nd term=10
2nd term = 10-3=7
 nth term = dn+(f-d) = 4n+(3-4) = 4n-1
2
c. 𝑛 − 2𝑛
2
Sum of the 1st one term = 1st term = 1 − 2 × 1 = 1 − 2 = −1
2
Sum of the 1st two terms = 2 − 2 × 2 = 4 − 4 = 0
-1+2nd term = 0
2nd term = 0+1=1
d= 2
nth term = dn+(f-d) = 2n+(-1-2)=2n-3
2
d. 2𝑛 − 𝑛
2
Sum of the 1st one term = 1st term = 2 × 1 − 1 = 2 − 1 = 1
2
Sum of the 1st two terms = 2 × 2 − 2 = 8 − 2 = 6
1+2nd term = 6
2nd term = 6-1 = 5
d= 4
nth term = dn+(f-d) = 4n+(1-4) = 4n-3
2
e. 𝑛 − 𝑛
2
Sum of the 1st one term = first term= 1 − 1 = 1 − 1 = 0
2
Sum of the 1st two terms = 2 − 2 = 4 − 2 = 2
0+second term = 2
Second term = 2-0 = 2
d=2
nth term = dn+(f-d) = 2n+(0+2) = 2n-2

6. Calculate in head, the sums of following arithmetic sequences.

a. 51+52+53+....+70
1 1 1
b. 1 2
+2 2
+.... + 12 2

1 1 1 1
c. 2
+1+1 2
+2+2 2
+.... + 12 2

a. 51+52+53…..+70
 1 1 1
b. 1 2
+2 2
+...... + 12 2

1 1 1 1
c. 2
+1+1 2
+2+2 2
+.... + 12 2

7. Prove that the sum of any number of terms of the arithmetic

sequence 16, 24, 32, ... starting from the first, added to 9 gives a
perfect square.
Sequence = 16,24,32,...
nth term = dn+(f-d) f= 16
= 8n+(16-8)= 8n+8 d= 24-16= 8
 1
Sum of the 1st n terms = 2
𝑛(1𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚)
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
= 2
(16 + 8𝑛 + 8) = 2
(8𝑛 + 24) = 2
× 8(𝑛 + 3)
2
= 4n(n+3)= 4𝑛 + 12𝑛
2
9 added to this sum = 4𝑛 + 12𝑛 + 9
2 2
4𝑛 + 12𝑛 + 9 = (2𝑛 + 3) . This is the square of 2n+3. So the sum of
any number of terms of this sequence added to 9 is a perfect square.

8.

2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9 10
a. Write the next two lines of the pattern above
b. Write the first and the last numbers of the 10th line
c. Find the sum of all the numbers in the first ten lines.

First row contains one element, second row contains two elements,

fifth row will contain five elements

sixth row will contain six elements.

Consider the first row 1, 2, 4, …………..

1, 1+1, 2 + 2, 4 + 3, …………

Therefore 1, 1+1, 2 + 2, 4 + 3, 7 + 4, 11+5 …………..

1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 16 …………

Generally it written as 1 + 1 (1+2 + 3 + ……….)

First term in the fifth row = 1 + 1(1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = 1 + 10 = 11

First term in the sixth row= 1 + 1(1 + 2 + 3 + 4+ 5) = 1 + 15 = 16

 Common differences in each row = 1 Fifth row 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.

`Sixthrow 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.

a. 11,12,13,14,15,
16,17,18,19,20,21
b. Last number of the 1st row = 1
Last number of the 2nd row = 3 = 1+2
Last number of the 3rd row = 6 = 1+2+3+4
….,.....,.....,....,....,....,
9×10
Last number of the 9th row = 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9= 2
= 45
1st number of the 10th row = 46
10×11
Last number of the 10th row = 1+2+3+....+10 = 2
= 55
c. 1st term = 1, last term = 46
55×56
Sum = 2
= 1540

9. 4
7 10
13 16 19
22 25 28 31
…………………………….
……………………………..
Write the next two lines of the pattern above. Calculate the first and
last terms of the 20th line.

4
4+3 = 7 7+3 = 10
10+3 = 13 12+3 = 16 16+3 = 19
19+3 = 22 22+3 = 25 25+3 = 28 28+3 = 31
By adding 3 repeatedly we shall write the next 2 lines.
34 37 40 43 46
49 52 55 58 61 64
1 term in 1 st line
2 terms in the 2nd line.
3 terms in the 3rd line.
……………………………
…………………………....
19 terms in the 19th line.
The numbers of numbers starting from the number on the 1st line to the
last number on the 19th line
= 1+2+3+4+......+19
19
= 2
(1 + 19)
19
= 2
× 20 = 190
190th number = dn+(f-d) f = 4,d = 3
= 3 × 190 + (4 − 3) = 570 + 1 = 571
The last number on 19th line = 571
1st term of the 20th line = 571+3= 574
20th term of the 20th line = dn+(f-d) = 3 × 20 + (574 − 3)
= 60 + 571 = 631