Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

SCIENCE Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Light: Concave and Convex
Lenses

Name of Learner:

Grade & Section:

Name of School:
Module Light: Concave and Convex
6 Lenses

What I Need To Know

In the previous module for Week 5, you were able to predict the qualitative
characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images formed by plane mirrors
and curved mirrors as you explore the concepts of REFLECTION. This time, you will
grasp knowledge about REFRACTION.

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
with the Week 6 lessons in Quarter 2: Force, Motion, and Energy. This module is
all about lenses which are based on the following:
 Most Essential Learning Competencies:
 Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and
magnification) of images formed by plane mirrors and curved
mirrors and lenses (S10FE-llg-50)
 Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses
determine their use in optical instruments (e.g., cameras and
binoculars) (S10FE-llh-52)
 Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of the images formed by the
different types of mirrors and lenses

In this module, you will study the REFRACTION property of light. Note that this
module for Week 6 shared the same MELC with the previous module as we tackled
reflection. In this module, we focus our attention in the different images formed by two
kinds of lenses.

One of the thrusts of this module is to make you aware of the purposes of the
different types of lenses so you can select the right kind that you can use in your daily
life.

In the previous module, you have learned that light bounces off as it hits a
surface and form different kinds of images depending on the kind of surface that it hits.
Do you know what will happen as it passes from one medium to another medium?
Can you explain why deep water appear to be shallow? Why do stars twinkle?

You will find the answers to these questions as you continue to read further and
do the required activities.

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 What’s In Score:
22

Let us test if you can recall your lessons in the previous module in Week 5
when you were able to predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and
magnification) of images formed by plane mirrors and curved mirrors.
Activity 1: Let us Review
Directions: Write the missing characteristics of the image formed in spherical mirrors
on the following table. (1 point each).

Between C
&F

real

inverted

enlarged

Behind
the mirror

upright

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 What’s New Score:
10

The next activity will require you to move around your house. Make sure to
remain focus.

Activity 2: Don’t believe in everything you see!

Directions: Prepare a clear drinking glass or mug with a spoon inside similar to the
picture found in the next page. Pour water into the glass/mug up to about 1 inch
below the brim.
Observe how the spoon appears when viewed on the sides in such a way that the
eye and the air-water boundary are at the same level. Draw what have you seen
inside the box provided for.

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 What is It
You have observed in Activity 1, that after adding water into the glass with a
spoon inside it, the spoon, appeared to be bent. This is because of the property of light
called REFRACTION.

Refraction is the bending of light as it

travels from one medium to another medium,
in the case of the previous activity, from air to
water. Note that each medium has a different
density from the other. Air is less dense than
water, but denser than vacuum. Water is
denser than air but less dense than solid. This
Figure 1. Refraction of Light Rays
is an important reminder since the speed of light
in a medium is greatly affected by the medium’s optical density. When light passes
from a less dense to denser medium, it slows down. The ray bends towards the normal
line and angle of refraction (∠r) is less than the angle of incidence ( ∠i) as seen in
Figure 1 on the right. This is the case when light passes from air to water. However,
the path of light is reversible. Thus, when light passes from water to air, it speeds up.
The refracted ray bends away from the normal line and angle of incidence ( ∠i) is less

than the angle of refraction (∠r).

To better remember this, just think of LeMoTo and MoLeA. If light travels from
Less dense to More dense material, then the bending of light is Towards the normal
line. Thus, LeMoTo. If light travels from More dense to Less dense medium, then the
bending of light is Away from the normal line. Thus, MoLeA.

One of the best examples of refraction is

how light makes a very deep pool appear to be
so shallow. The picture on the right is taken
from Mabanag Spring Resort in Mahayag,
Zamboanga del Sur where the water is so clear
that you can see the bottom of the spring. As a
result, many visitors would dive in thinking the water is only shallow but this is only the

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result of the bending of light as it travels from air to water for the pool is actually more
than 8 feet deep. That is why we should be careful with shallow looking water as they
could actually be very deep to avoid drowning.

This is the same reason why stars

appear to twinkle at night. We know that stars
are basically a ball of fire located so far away
from earth that they only appear as pinpoints.
As their light enters from the outer space
(which is vacuum) into the earth’s atmosphere
Source:https://www.thinglink.com/scene/636957500180004865

(which is made up of different gasses), their

light rays bent and are refracted. Thus in our eyes, they seem to twinkle.

Do you know that refraction of light is very beneficial to people who cannot see
clearly? Yes. The lens in reading glasses act the same way through refraction. A lens
is an optical device made of glass or plastic that focuses or disperses a light beam by
means of refraction.

Types of Lenses

1. Convex Lens
• It is thicker in the center than edges.
• It forms real images and virtual images depending on position of the object.
• It is also called Converging Lens because the light that passes through it tends
to converge at a particular point called the focal point.

Picture A Picture B
Source: https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=313 Source:http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/SeatExpts/EandM/co
n_lens/index.htm

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 The pictures above show the result when light enters into a convex lens. Picture
A displays how parallel light rays converge after refraction while Picture B illustrates
how converging lens magnify the words from the book.

2. Concave Lens
• It is thicker at the edges and thinner in the center.
• It forms upright and reduced images.
• It is also called Diverging Lens because the light that passes through it tends
to diverge at a particular point called the focal point.

Picture C Picture D
Source: https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=313 Source:https://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/gallery3/index.php/WBDC/
Copy_of_SHL_Concave_lens_class

The photos above show the effect when light enters into a concave lens. Picture
C displays how parallel light rays diverge after refraction while Picture D illustrates how
diverging lens shrink the children fitting them in a concave lens.

Images Formed by Lenses

In locating the image formed in
lenses graphically, two important points
are considered. The following important
points are enumerated below (refer to the
figure on the right).
 Vertex, V – The geometric center of
the lens also referred as the optical
center, O.
 Focal point/ Focus, F – A point
where light rays converge (or
appears to converge) when parallel
Source: https://www.tes.com/lessons/ZS1X98Q7nb2I5g/lens
light rays pass through a lens. Its

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 distance from the vertex is called the focal length.

The ‘Three Most Useful Rays’ in Lenses

Images formed in a lens can be located and described through ray
diagramming. The following three most useful rays for convex and concave lenses
are presented below.

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 To graphically determine the position and kind of the image formed, the ray
diagram can be used. Consider the following steps using the three major rays
described above:

1. From the object, draw the first ray (P–F ray). From the same point on the
object, draw the second (F–P ray), and third (V ray) rays.

2. The intersection of the rays is the image point corresponding to the object
point. For example, if you started diagramming from the tip of the arrow-shaped object,
the intersection of the refracted rays is also the tip of the arrow-shaped image. Thus,
you can determine completely the position and characteristics of the image.

3. For a concave lens, light rays diverge from a virtual focus; but the procedure
for locating images is the same as for convex lenses.

In the next activity, you will use the steps described above to locate and
describe the images formed by convex and concave lenses by graphical method. To
do this, always start by drawing the lens and its principal axis, then identify the F and
2F on the principal axis. Next is to draw the object, then diagram the rays from the
object.

What’s More
Activity 3: Are you L-O-S-T after Refraction?
Objective: Construct ray diagrams to determine the, Location,
Orientation, Size, and Type of images formed by Score:
convex and concave lenses.
Materials: Pencil, ruler 21
Directions:
Using the Three Principal Rays explained in page 9, locate the image formed in
convex and concave lenses. The first one is done for you (3 points each).

9
Convex Lens

10
Concave Lens

Score:
What I Have Learned 28

After locating the image formed in convex and concave lenses through ray
diagramming, let us now describe the image’s qualitative characteristics based from
your answers in activity 5.

Activity 4: I am not L-O-S-T

Directions: Write the characteristics of the image formed in spherical mirrors on the
following table. The first one is done for you (1 point each).

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 Between inverted real
reduced
F & 2F

Score:
What I Can Do 10
Activity 5: What is your reflection?
Directions: Refer to the size of object and the size of image
from the drawn ray diagrams for convex lens. Identify the location of object
for which the following optical instruments are used to. Match column A with column
B by connecting them with a line (2 points each).

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 Assessment Score:
10
Direction: Write the letter of the best answer in the space
provided before each number.
1. What type of lens produces smaller and upright images?
a. Converging lens c. Convex lens
b. Concave lens d. Can’t be determined
2. Sun’s rays are observed to focus at a point behind the fishbowl near the window.
The fishbowl act as what type of lens?
a. Focusing Lens c. Diverging Lens
b. Converging Lens d. None of the above
3. Which statement is TRUE about the image of concave mirror?
a. Always virtual and upright c Always real and inverted.
b. Always real and reduced d. Always virtual and enlarged
4. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens that the image will
be reduced?
a. Beyond 2F c. At the F
b. Between F and 2F d. Beyond 2F’
5. Where is the location of an object to produce an image that has same size with
the object in convex lens?
a. at 2F’ c. At F’
b. Between F’ and V d. between 2F’ and F’
6. Where is the location of an object to produce no image in a convex lens?
a. At 2F’ c. At F’
b. Between F’ and V d. between 2F’ and F’
7. Which are the correct characteristics of an image when object is between 2F’
and F’ in a convex lens?
a. Located beyond 2F, upright, enlarge, virtual
b. Located beyond 2F, inverted, same size, real
c. Located beyond 2F, inverted, reduce, real
d. Located beyond 2F, inverted, enlarge, real
8. Which of the following optical instrument uses 2 convex lenses to make a
smaller object larger?
a. Telescope c. Microscope
b. Oscilloscope d. Camera
9. A telescope allows us to see distant objects. It contains two converging lenses,
namely, the objective and the eyepiece. The objective lens forms a real image
of a very distant object within the focus of the eyepiece lens. Where must be
the location of the object to produce bigger magnification?
a. Between 2F’ and F’ c. At 2F’
b. At infinity d. Beyond 2F’
10. A photocopy “Xerox” machine produces an image that is of equal size as the
object. Considering the location of an object in a convex lens, where is the
object located or placed to produce an image that is of equal size to the object?
a. Between F’ and V c. At F’
b. Between 2F’ and F’ d. At 2F’

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 Score:
Additional Activities 30

Activity 8: DIY Telescope

Directions: Using the following materials, construct your very own improvised
telescope (30 points).

Task: Construct a simple telescope and investigate the factors

affecting the magnification capabilities of a telescope.

Materials: set of lenses with different focal lengths specimen, light source, ruler or
meter stick thin, clean sheet of paper to serve as the camera’s screen
What to do:
1. With the help of a family member, using the materials given, design and
construct an improvised telescope based on the information gathered from
different resources.

A telescope is an important
tool for astronomy that gathers light
and directs it to a single point. Some
do this with curved mirrors, some with
curved lenses, and some with both.
Telescopes make faraway things look
bigger, brighter and
closer. Galileo was the first person to
use a telescope for astronomy, but he
did not invent them. The first
telescope was invented in
the Netherlands in 1608. Some
telescopes, not mainly used for
astronomy, are binoculars, camera
lenses, or spyglasses.
Source:
https://www.clipart.email/download/4208226.html Source: https://kids.kiddle.co/Telescope

RUBRICS for Grading your Telescope

30 points –The telescope works correctly and the student showed creativity in
the use of material.
25 points – The telescope works correctly.
15 point – The student attempted to build a telescope but it does not work
correctly.
0 point – The student did not create a telescope.

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 References
Printed Materials
Belen, J.G., A.I Yap, E.B Ogena, and A.I Yap. Addressing Misconceptions in
Mathematics and Science. Quezon City: NISMED UP Diliman and DOST-SEI.
Littell, McDougal. Science, Integrated Course 1, Teacher’s Edition. Evanston, Illinois:
McDougal Littell, 2005.
Padua, Alicia, and Ricardo Crisostomo. Laboratory Manual and Workbook in
Physics. Vibal Publishing House, Inc., 2011.
Shipman, James, Jerry Wilson, and Charles Higgins, Jr. An Introduction to Physical
Science. Pasig City: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd (Philippine Branch), 2013.
Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L. (2012), Sears and Zemansky’s University
Physics with Modern Physics – 13th Ed., San Francisco: Addison-Wesley
Pearson Education, Inc.
Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year, Revised Edition, 2004, SEMP.
Science Learner’s Material for Grade 10, First Edition, 2015.
Electronic Sources
Ray-Diagrams-ConvexMirrors Diverging Lenses – Ray Diagrams. Accessed June 23, 2014.
http://www. physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/
https://school.eckovation.com/short-notes-refraction-2/
https://www.thinglink.com/scene/636957500180004865
http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/SeatExpts/EandM/con_lens/index.htm
https://www.easttennesseewildflowers.com/gallery3/index.php/WBDC/Copy_of_SHL_Concave_lens_
class
https://www.tes.com/lessons/ZS1X98Q7nb2I5g/lens
https://kids.kiddle.co/Telescope
Development Team Mi Ultimo Adios

Writer: Kathleen Joy B. Bongcawel
Editors: Margie Lou C. Jacob
Laarni A. Adonis
Kathleen Joy B. Padilla
Joly C. Baradero
Reviewer: Sandy R. Albarico
Illustrator:
Management Team:
Majarani M. Jacinto, CESO VI
SDS-ZDS
Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D
ASDS
Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D
ASDS
Juliet A. Magallanes, Ed.D
CID Chief
Florencio R. Caballero, DTE
EPS-LRMDS
Sandy R. Albarico
EPS-Science
Adiós, Patria adorada, región del sol querida,
Perla del mar de oriente, nuestro perdido Edén!
A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida,
Y fuera más brillante, más fresca, más florida,
También por ti la diera, la diera por tu bien.
En campos de batalla, luchando con delirio,
Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar;
El sitio nada importa, ciprés, laurel o lirio,
Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o cruel martirio,
Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar.
Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora
Y al fin anuncia el día tras lóbrego capuz;
si grana necesitas para teñir tu aurora,
Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz.
Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho adolescente,
Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor,
Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente,
Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor
Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo,
¡Salud te grita el alma que pronto va a partir!
¡Salud! Ah, que es hermoso caer por darte vuelo,
Morir por darte vida, morir bajo tu cielo,
Y en tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir.
Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un día
Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor,
Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía,
Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría,
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor.
Deja que el sol, ardiendo, las lluvias evapore
Y al cielo tornen puras, con mi clamor en pos;
Deja que un ser amigo mi fin temprano llore
Y en las serenas tardes cuando por mí alguien ore,
¡Ora también, oh Patria, por mi descanso a Dios!
Ora por todos cuantos murieron sin ventura,
Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual,
Por nuestras pobres madres que gimen su amargura;
Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura
Y ora por ti que veas tu redención final.
Y cuando en noche oscura se envuelva el cementerio
Y solos sólo muertos queden velando allí,
No turbes su reposo, no turbes el misterio,
Tal vez accordes oigas de cítara o salterio,
Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto a ti.
Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar,
Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
Y mis cenizas, antes que vuelvan a la nada,
El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan a formar.
Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido.
Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré.
Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oído,
Aroma, luz, colores, rumor, canto, gemido,
Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fe.
Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adiós.
Ahí te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores.
Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores,
Donde la fe no mata, donde el que reina es Dios.
Adiós, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Dar gracias que descanso del fatigoso día;
Adiós, dulce extranjera, mi amiga, mi alegría,
Adiós, queridos seres, morir es descansar.
Dr. Jose Rizal

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