Hoofstuk 6

/ Chapter 6
Lesing
Opsomming /
Lecture Outline
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tabelle wat vooraf in Power Point geplaas is sonder
notas en animasies / See separate PowerPoint slides
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without notes and animations. 1
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 Leereenheid 5 / Study Unit 5
Energie en Metabolisme / Energy and Metabolism

Hoofstuk 6 /
Chapter 6 2
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 VEREENVOUDIGDE DIAGRAM VAN DIE METABOLISME
BETROKKE IN DIE PRODUKSIE VAN ENERGIE (ATP) /
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF METABOLISM INVOLVED IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ENERGY (ATP)

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 Komponente van ‘n metaboliese weg /
Components of a metabolic pathway
• Verandering in energie maak dit moontlik volgens die wet van
termodinamika
• Ensieme tree as katalisators (verminder die aktiveringsenergie) op
en skep die moontlikheid om ‘n metaboliese weg te reguleer
• Elektrone word vrygestel of opgeneem tydens die reaksie
(oksidasie reduksie)
• Kofaktore (vitamiene) speel ‘n belangrike rol tydens die reaksies en
as akseptore van die elektrone
• Change in energy makes it possible according to the law of
thermodynamics
• Enzymes act as catalysts (decrease activation energy) and create
the possibility of regulation of a metabolic pathway
• Electrons are released or gained during the reaction (oxidation
reduction)
• Cofactors (vitamins) play an important role during the reactions and4
as acceptors of the electrons
 Vloei van energie / Flow of energy

• Termodinamika
• Afdeling van chemie wat handel oor energie
veranderinge
• Selle word deur die wette van fisika en chemie beheer

• Thermodynamics
• Branch of chemistry concerned with energy changes
• Cells are governed by the laws of physics and
chemistry

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 Energie / Energy
• Kapasiteit om werk te doen • Capacity to do work
• 2 Toestande • 2 states:
1. Kineties – energie van 1. Kinetic – energy of motion
beweging 2. Potential – stored energy
2. Potensiële – gestoorde
energie • Many forms – mechanical,
• Baie vorme – meganies, heat, sound, electric current,
warmte, klank, elektriese light, or radioactivity
stroom, lig, of radioaktiwiteit • Heat is the most convenient
• Hitte is die gerieflikste way of measuring energy
manier om energie te meet • 1 Calorie = heat required to
• 1 Kalorie = hitte benodig om raise 1 gram of water 1oC
1 gram water met 1oC te • Calorie on food labels (with a
verhoog capitalized C) is actually a
• Kalorie op voedsel etikette kilocalorie
(met ‘n hoofletter K) is eintlik
‘n kilokalorie
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 Energie geproduseer vanaf glukose /
Energy produced from glucose
• Glukose Eglukose = -686 kcal/mol
• ATP EATP = -7.3 kcal/mol
• 36 ATP molekules word vanaf 1 glukose molekule
gevorm

• Glucose Eglucose = -686 kcal/mol

• ATP EATP = -7.3 kcal/mol
• 36 ATP molecules are formed from 1 glucose
molecule

• Effektiwiteit / Efficiency = 36 x 7.3 = 38.3%

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686
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 Energie vloei / Energy flow
• Energie vloei vanaf die son in die biologiese wêreld in
• Fotosintetiese organismes vang hierdie energie vas
• Gestoor as potensiële energie in chemiese bindings
• Om bindings tussen atome te breek, word energie
benodig; energie wat in chemiese bindings gestoor
word, kan gebruik word om nuwe bindings te skep
• Energy flows into the biological world from the sun
• Photosynthetic organisms capture this energy
• Stored as potential energy in chemical bonds
• Breaking bonds between atoms requires energy;
energy stored in chemical bonds may be used to make
new bonds
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 Redoks reaksies / Redox reactions
• Metabolisme stel elektrone • Metabolism releases electrons
vanaf voedsel vry form food
• Oksidasie • Oxidation
– Atoom of molekule verloor ‘n – Atom or molecule loses an
elektron electron
• Reduksie • Reduction
– Atoom of molekule wen ‘n • Atom or molecule gains an
elektron electron
– Hoër vlak van energie as • Higher level of energy than
geoksideerde vorm oxidized form
• Oksidasie-reduksie reaksies • Oxidation-reduction reactions
(redoks) (redox)
– Reaksies altyd gepaard • Reactions always paired

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 Figure 6.2

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