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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Matter and Its Interactions
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Matter and Its Interactions
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Queen Nee P. Hondrada
Editors: Honey Lynne A. Boyles, Romel S. Villarubia, Roland O. Tacan
Reviewers: Erick Venn R. Rollon, Marmonito G. Rotersos
Layout Artist: Queen Nee P. Hondrada
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
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Lorna C. Ragos – Education Program Supervisor in LRMS

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Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: E-Park Apokon, Tagum City

Telefax: (084) -215-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Matter and Its Interactions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Let Us Learn!

Hello! Good day!

We have some questions here!

How will you describe the changes found at home like curdling of milk,
ripening of fruits, rusting of iron and in cooking food?

What do think are the reasons of these changes?

You will find the answer of these questions as you go along. You will
journey in this module with this competency:
1. Apply the principles of conversation of mass of chemical reaction.
S10MT-IVe-g-23

Specifically, you will learn to:

a. differentiate reactant and product;
b. describe and illustrate the application of physical and chemical
changes in your home, community and industry;
c. identify the evidences of chemical change;
d. explain the Law of conservation of mass;
e. balance chemical equations representing chemical reactions; and
f. classify different types of chemical reactions.

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 Let Us Try!

Great job! You are now making your moves towards completing this
module!

How well do you know about chemical reaction?

Let us try to find out by answering the following questions. After

honestly answering this, you may check the answers at the last part of this
module.

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.

1. During chemical reaction, .

a. a new substances are formed
b. atoms are rearranged
c. atoms are destroyed
d. nothing will happen

2. The following are examples of chemical change EXCEPT

a. Bursting of a cracker
b. Rusting of iron
c. Molding clay into different shapes
d. Digestion of food

3. When a camera bulb flashes and when fuel burns, its energy releases
.
a. heat and light
b. gas
c. electricity
d. water

4. Which of the following shows production of mechanical energy?

a. Electricity produced by battery of a car
b. Explosion of dynamite
c. Cars exhausts
d. Fuel burns

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5. It is a process by which the identifying properties or the intensive
properties of the substance involved remain unchanged.
a. Phase change
b. Chemical change
c. Physical change
d. Change is coming

6. What is a chemical reaction?

a. a process of bonding substances together
b. a process that leads to filled valence shells
c. a process that releases or consumes energy
d. all of the choices

7. Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy the .

a. law of definite proportions
b. law of multiple proportions
c. law of conservation of mass
d. principle of Avogadro

8. What are substances on the left side of a chemical equation called?

a. electrons
b. groups
c. products
d. reactants

9. What are substances on the right side of a chemical equation called?

a. electrons
b. groups
c. products
d. reactants

10. What does the number in front of the molecular symbol mean?
a. It shows that there is only one molecule present in a reaction
b. It shows the number of reactions that took place
c. It shows the number of molecules in the reaction
d. All of the choices

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 Let Us Study

Way to go! Let us level up!

Physical Vs Chemical Change

Chemical and physical shifts occur often in our daily lives. But how do
you tell whether something has changed chemically or physically, and what
is the difference between the two?
The key distinction between a chemical and a physical change is what
happens to the structure of a material. Chemical change is the process of
breaking or creating chemical bonds in order to produce a new material while
physical change is a mechanism in which a substance's state of matter
changes while its chemical bonds remain unchanged. In daily life, chemical
changes occur all around you.

Physical changes occur when the form or state of matter of an entity or

material changes. It's basically the same entity or material – the molecules
are the same – even though it now has a different physical property. When a
chemical reaction takes place, the chemical properties of the original material
change, resulting in the formation of a completely new substance.

Table 1. Examples of Chemical and Physical Change

Chemical Change Physical Change

1. Ice is made by freezing water. 1. Rusting iron
2. Making water by melting ice 2. Wood is being burned.
3. To make steam, heat water 3. Meat on the grill
4. Using soft clay to reshape it 4. Decomposition of organic
into a new form. matter
5. Fruit maturation
6. Food is being broken down.
7. An egg is fried.

All of the time, change happens all around us. Even as chemists
categorized elements and compounds, they also identified forms of
modifications. Changes are classified as physical or chemical changes, either.
By studying the changes that matter can undergo, the chemists learn a lot
about the nature of matter.

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History of the Law of the Conservation of Mass

The ancient Greeks first proposed the idea that the total amount of
matter in the universe is constant. However, in 1789 Antoine Lavoisier
described the law of mass conservation (or the principle of the conservation
of mass / matter) as a fundamental principle of physics. This law states that,
despite chemical reactions or physical transformations, mass is conserved —
that is, it cannot be created or destroyed — within an isolated system. In other
words, in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products will always be equal
to the mass of the reactants. In a chemical reaction, the atoms and molecules
that interact with each other are called reactants. In a chemical reaction, the
atoms and molecules produced by the reaction are called products. In a
chemical reaction, only the atoms present in the reactants can end up in the
products. No new atoms are created, and no atoms are destroyed.

In a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between

atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds
to make the products.

For example, take a look at the reaction that occurs when you light your
natural gas range. Methane (natural gas) reacts with the oxygen in the
atmosphere to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The chemical equation that represents this reaction is written like this:
CH4 + 2 O2 ➔ CO2 + 2 H20

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Symbols used in Chemical Equation

There are other symbols used in writing chemical equations:

Table 1. Symbols and their Meanings

Symbol Meaning
to show combination of reactants or
products
+
To produce; to form; to yield

(s), (l), (g), (aq) (s)-solid (l)-liquid (g)-gas (aq)-aqueous

(substance is dissolved in water)
Reversible reaction

Heat Indicates that heat is supplied to the

reaction
A formula written above or below the
yield sign indicates its use as a catalyst
Pt or solvent

Writing and Balancing Chemical Equation

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of symbols and

formula in the form of a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction gives
expression to a chemical change. For example, one chemical property of
hydrogen is that it can react with oxygen to create water. We can write that
as follows:
hydrogen reacts with oxygen to make water

We can represent this chemical change more succinctly as

hydrogen + oxygen → water

where the + sign means that the two substances interact chemically with each
other and the → symbol implies that a chemical reaction takes place. But
substances can also be represented by chemical formulas. Remembering that
hydrogen and oxygen both exist as diatomic molecules, we can rewrite our
chemical change as
H2 + O2 → H2O

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 The initial substances are called reactants, and the final substances
are called products.

Unfortunately, it is also an incomplete chemical equation. The law of

conservation of matter says that matter cannot be created or destroyed.

What can we do to balance it?

Can we change the subscripts in the formula for water so that it has
two oxygen atoms in it? No; you cannot change the formulas of individual
substances because the chemical formula for a given substance is
characteristic of that substance. What you can do, however, is to change the
number of molecules that react or are produced. We do this one element at a
time, going from one side of the reaction to the other, changing the number of
molecules of a substance until all elements have the same number of atoms on
each side.

To accommodate the two oxygen atoms as reactants, let us assume that

we have two water molecules as products:

H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

The 2 in front of the formula for water is called a coefficient. Now there
is the same number of oxygen atoms in the reactants as there are in the
product. But in satisfying the need for the same number of oxygen atoms on
both sides of the reaction, we have also changed the number of hydrogen
atoms on the product side, so the number of hydrogen atoms is no longer
equal. No problem—simply go back to the reactant side of the equation and
add a coefficient in front of the H2. The coefficient that works is 2:

2H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

There are now four hydrogen atoms in the reactants and also four atoms
of hydrogen in the product. There are two oxygen atoms in the reactants and
two atoms of oxygen in the product. The law of conservation of matter has
been satisfied. When the reactants and products of a chemical equation have
the same number of atoms of all elements present, we say that an equation is
balanced.

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Example:

Write and balance the chemical equation for each given chemical
reaction.

1. Hydrogen and chlorine react to make HCl.

Solution

1. Let us start by simply writing a chemical equation in terms of the

formulas of the substances, remembering that both elemental
hydrogen and chlorine are diatomic:

H2 + Cl2 → HCl

There are two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms in the
reactants and one of each atom in the product. We can fix this by
including the coefficient 2 on the product side:

H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl
Now there are two hydrogen atoms and two chlorine atoms on

both sides of the chemical equation, so it is balanced.

Types of Chemical Reaction

Combination or Synthesis Reaction

In a synthesis reaction, two or more chemical species combine to form

a more complex product.

A + B → AB
The combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (II) sulfide is an example
of a synthesis reaction:
8 Fe + S → 8 FeS

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Decomposition Reaction
In a decomposition reaction, a compound is broken into smaller
chemical species.
AB → A + B

The electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas is an example of

a decomposition reaction:
2 H2O → 2 H2 + O2

Single Displacement or Substitution Reaction

A substitution or single displacement reaction is characterized by one
element being displaced from a compound by another element.
A + BC → AC + B

An example of a substitution reaction occurs when zinc combines with

hydrochloric acid. The zinc replaces the hydrogen:

Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Double Displacement Reaction or Metathesis

In a double displacement or metathesis reaction two compounds
exchange bonds or ions in order to form different compounds.

AB + CD → AD + CB
An example of a double displacement reaction occurs between sodium
chloride and silver nitrate to form sodium nitrate and silver chloride.
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

Acid-Base Reaction
An acid-base reaction is a type of double displacement reaction that
occurs between an acid and a base. The H+ ion in the acid reacts with the
OH- ion in the base to form water and an ionic salt:

HA + BOH → H2O + BA

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 The reaction between hydrobromic acid (HBr) and sodium hydroxide is
an example of an acid-base reaction:

HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O

Combustion
A combustion reaction is a type of redox reaction in which a
combustible material combines to form oxidized products and generate heat
(exothermic reaction) with an oxidizer. Oxygen normally combines with
another compound in a combustion reaction to form carbon dioxide and
water. An example of a combustion reaction is the burning of naphthalene:
C10H8 + 12 O2 → 10 CO2 + 4 H2O

Let Us Practice

Listed below are 5 opportunities for you to observe changes in matter.

Notice that the directions call for small amount of substance.
Make a table to organize your observations of the matter before and after
any change(s) may occur. Be detailed in your observations.

1. Boil a small amount of water.

2. Add few drops of lemon juice in a small amount of milk.
3. Hold a wooden splint in a flame.
4. Melt a small amount candle wax and let it cool
5. Add few drops of vinegar in a stick of chalk.

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the interactions were chemical change? Explain your answer.

2. Which of the interactions were chemical change? Explain your answer.

3. Give the evidences of chemical change.

4. Give the evidences of physical change.

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 Let Us Practice More

Independent Activity 1.1 Reactant Vs. Product

Objective: Differentiate reactant and product.

Direction: Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. From the statement “nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) react to produce
ammonia (NH3),” identify the reactants and the products.
2. From the statement “sodium (Na) metal reacts with water (H2O) to produce
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen (H2),” identify the reactants and
the products.
3. From the statement “magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 reacts with nitric
acid HNO3 to produce magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 and water (H20),”
identify the reactants and the products.
4. From the statement “propane (C3H8) reacts with oxygen O2 to produce
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H20),” identify the reactants and the
products.

Independent Activity 1.2 Chemical Equation

Objective: Balance chemical equations representing chemical reactions.

5. Write and balance the chemical equation described by item number 1 on

Activity 1.1.
6. Write and balance the chemical equation described by item number 2 on
Activity 1.1.
7. Write and balance the chemical equation described by item number on 3
Activity 1.1.
8. Write and balance the chemical equation described by item number 4 on
Activity 1.1. The formula for propane is C3H8.

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Independent Activity 1.3 Change Also Needs Balance.

Objective: Balance and classify chemical equations representing chemical

reactions.

Direction: Balance the following equation and determine the type of reaction.

9. NaClO3 → NaCl + O2

10. N2 + H2 → N2H4

11. Al + O2 → Al2O3

12. C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O _

13. 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3+ CO2+ H2O

14. C2H5OH + O2 → CO2 + H2O

15. CuCl2+ AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + AgCl

Let Us Remember

Awesome! Now, let us gather what we have learned.

1. What is chemical reaction?

2. What are the types chemical reactions?

3. Why is chemical reaction important?

4. What is chemical equation?

5. How do we know if a certain chemical equation is balanced?

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 Let Us Assess

Superb! Just Superb! It’s time to try the fruit of your journey!

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical change?

a. crumpled paper
b. pencil sharpening
c. shrunken clothing
d. sour milk

2. Queonna is observing a piece of kiwi for 10 days. She notices the kiwi
becomes soft, black and brown spots appear on its skin. The kiwi is
starting to give off a strong, bad odor. Queonna hypothesizes that the
kiwi is changing because of the heat in the room. What is an observation
and an inference that Keira made?
a. Queonna notices the texture has changed.
b. Queonna infers that the heat is responsible for the changes.
c. Queonna notices the the color has changed and infers that the
heat is responsible for the changes.
d. Queonna does not observe any changes.

3. Evidence of a physical change.

a. New substance c. Light produced
b. Shape Change d. Gas released
4. Which of the following is a sign that a chemical reaction has occurred?
a. change in shape c. formation of a gas
b. melting d. dissolving

5. Eloisa is making smokes over a campfire. Her marshmallow falls into

the fire and burns. Which is true about her marshmallow?
a. The fire produces no change to the marshmallow.
b. The fire produces a physical change to the marshmallow.
c. The marshmallow turns into new matter (ashes).
d. The ashes left behind will turn back into a marshmallow.

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6. Chemical reactions proceed under the law of definite proportions:
a. always
b. cannot be determined
c. never
d. sometimes

7. Ms. Pantoja asked her Science class what would happen if a

substance were to undergo a chemical change. The students said that
a new substance would be formed. Which of the following would NOT
provide evidence that supports the students’ claim?
a. change in odor c. presence of bubbles
b. change in color d. change in size and shape

8. Which of the following is a balanced chemical reaction?

a. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
b. CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2
c. C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
d. 4 C2H6 + 7 O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O

9. Which of the following shows production of mechanical energy?

a. Electricity produced by battery of a car
b. Explosion of dynamite
c. Cars exhausts
d. Fuel burns

10. Which of the following is an example of combustion reaction?

a. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
b. 2 Fe2S3 + 9 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 + 6 SO2
c. Na2O + CO2 → Na2CO3
d. H2SO3 → H2O + SO2

11. Write and balance the chemical equation that represents nitrogen and
hydrogen reacting to produce ammonia, NH3.
a. N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3
b. N + 2 H3➔ NH3
c. N2 + 2 H3➔ 2 NH2
d. N2+ 3 H2➔ 3 NH3

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12. Write and balance the chemical equation that represent Ethane, C2H6,
reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water.
a. 2 C2H6 + 7 O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O
b. 2 C2H6 + O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O
c. C2H6 + O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O
d. C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O

13. Which of the following are required for combustion to take place?
a. Only oxygen
b. Only energy
c. Only fuel
d. All of the above

14. Antoine Lavoisier broke with the alchemists in declaring that

is neither created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
a. proportions
b. synthesis
c. mass
d. energy

15. Which equation indicates a synthesis reaction?

a. 2 HgO (s) ---> 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)
b. CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) ---> CO2 (g) + 2 H2O(l)
c. Zn + Cu2+ ---> Zn2+ + Cu
d. 4 H2 (g) + 2 O2 (g) ---> 4 H2O

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 Let Us Enhance

You are amazing! This would be easy lemon squeeze!

List down at least 5 examples of chemical reaction found/ observed at

home.

Let Us Reflect

Congratulations! You may share your deep thought on this!

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the significance of using "products" as a species in chemical

reactions?

2. Why does chemical reaction should have a balanced chemical

equation?

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 References

Chemistry LibreTexts. 2021. 3.6: Changes in Matter - Physical and Chemical

Changes. [online] Available at:
<https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/M
ap%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(Tro)/03%3A_Matter_and_Energy/3.0
5%3A_Changes_in_Matter_-_Physical_and_Chemical_Changes>
[Accessed 5 May 2021].
Echeat.com. 2021. free essay on Chemical Reactions | Sample Term Paper
and Essay. [online] Available at: <https://www.echeat.com/free-
essay/Chemical-Reactions-31875.aspx> [Accessed 5 May 2021].
Quizizz.com. 2021. Changes in Matter - Quiz. [online] Available at:
<https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5bbb59d3cabb4b001a169659/cha
nges-in-matter> [Accessed 5 May 2021].
www2.helsinki.fi. 2021. [online] Available at:
<https://www2.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/atoms/files/chemical_a
nd_physical_changes.pdf> [Accessed 5 May 2021].
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

E-Park, Apokon, Tagum City

Telefax: (084)-216-3504

Email Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph