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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to
Algebra and Functions
Represent relationships
in numerical, geometric, verbal, and
symbolic form.
CHAPTER 3
Applying Decimals
Add, subtract, multiply,
and divide to solve problems and
justify solutions.
CHAPTER 4
Algebra: Linear Equations
and Functions
Use equations to solve
problems.
20
Math and Geography
The Wide World of Soccer Soccer fans, get up on your feet! You’ve
been selected to join us on a world-wide soccer adventure. Along
the way, you’ll gather data about the geography of countries where
soccer is the favorite sport. You’ll also make some predictions about
the future of soccer in the United States. We will be leaving on our
adventure shortly, so pack your math tools and your thinking cap.
This is one adventure you don’t want to miss!
Key Vocabulary
algebra (p. 44)
defining the variable (p. 50)
evaluate (p. 31)
numerical expression (p. 38)
Real-World Link
TIME Tours of the Texas Capitol are approximately
45 minutes in length. You can use the four-step
problem-solving plan to determine about how many
tours are given daily between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m.
Introduction to Algebra and Functions Make this Foldable to help you organize your notes.
Begin with eleven sheets of notebook paper.
1 Staple the eleven sheets 2 Cut tabs. Make each one 2 lines 3 Write the chapter title on the
together to form a booklet. longer than the one before it. cover and label each tab with
the lesson number.
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Option 2
Take the Online Readiness Quiz at tx.msmath2.com.
Option 1
Take the Quick Quiz below. Refer to the Quick Review for help.
Add. (Used in Lessons 1-1, 1-4 through 1-10) Example 1 Find 17.89 + 43.2.
1. 89.3 + 16.5 2. 7.9 + 32.45 17.89 Line up the decimal points.
3. 54.25 + 6.39 4. 10.8 + 2.6 + 43.20
_______ Annex a zero.
61.09
5. TECHNOLOGY Patrick bought a
personal electronic organizer for
$59.99 and a carrying case for
$12.95. What was his total cost,
not including tax?
Subtract. (Used in Lessons 1-1, 1-4 through 1-10) Example 2 Find 37.45 - 8.52.
6. 24.6 - 13.3 7. 9.1 - 6.6 37.45 Line up the decimal points.
8. 30.55 - 2.86 9. 17.4 - 11.2 - 8.52
_______
28.93
Multiply. (Used in Lessons 1-1 through 1-10) Example 3 Find 1.7 × 3.5.
10. 4 × 7.7 11. 9.8 × 3 1.7 1 decimal place
12. 2.7 × 6.3 13. 8.5 × 1.2 × 3.5
_____ + 1 decimal place
_________
5.95 2 decimal places
If you look just at the key words in the problem, it might seem that
4 times 5 would give the solution.
Kelly’s House Miguel’s House
5 miles 5 4 or 20 miles
But the important question is, “Does this solution make sense?”
In this case, the solution does not make sense because Kelly lives
farther away. This problem is solved by dividing.
Miguel’s House
Kelly’s House
5 4 or 1.25 miles
5 miles
For Exercises 1 and 2, choose the model that illustrates each problem.
Explain your reasoning. Then solve.
1. Jennifer has saved $210 to purchase an MP3 player. She needs $299 to
buy it. How much more money does she need?
`iÊ `iÊ
2. The school cafeteria sold 465 lunches on Thursday. They expect to sell
75 more lunches on Friday because they serve pizza that day. How
many lunches do they expect to sell on Friday?
`iÊ `iÊ
Main IDEA
Solve problems using the ANALYZE GRAPHS The bar graph
four-step plan.
Nfic[:_Xdg`fej_`g
shows the countries with the
DfkfZifjjN`ej
most world championship
Targeted TEKS 40 44
[TX text to come]
7.13 The student motocross wins. What is the
total number of wins for these
Number of Wins
applies Grade 7
mathematics to 30
solve problems connected
five countries? 1
to everyday experiences,
1. Do you have all of the 20
investigations in other
disciplines, and activities information necessary to
in and outside of school. 10 14
solve this problem?
(B) use a problem-solving 8 7 7
model that incorporates 2. Explain how you would 0
understanding the problem,
making a plan, carrying out
solve this problem. Then Belgium Sweden France Italy USA
solve it. Country
the plan, and evaluating the
solution for reasonableness. Source: Motocross.com
Also addresses TEKS 7.13(A). 3. Does your answer make
sense? Explain.
4. What can you do if your first attempt at solving the problem
does not work?
In mathematics, there is a four-step plan you can use to help you solve
any problem.
1. Explore • Read the problem carefully.
• What information is given?
• What do you need to find out?
• Is enough information given?
• Is there any extra information?
+4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4 +4
So, there will be at least 300 million TVs in the U.S. in the
year 2015.
a. WHALES A baby blue whale gains about 200 pounds each day.
About how many pounds does a baby blue whale gain per hour?
Solve Round 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of Teams 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
÷2 ÷2
So, a winner is determined after 7 rounds.
Use the four-step plan to solve each problem. Texas Lake Size (acres)
Example 1 1. ANALYZE TABLES There are more than 100 lakes Lake Arrowhead 14,390
(p. 26) in Texas. The table lists the sizes of six of Cooper Lake 19,280
these lakes. About how many times larger is
Ray Roberts Lake 29,350
Lake Livingston than Ray Roberts Lake?
Lake Whitney 23,560
Example 2 2. E-MAIL If Isaac receives an e-mail every Lake Livingston 90,000
(p. 27) 20 minutes during the workday, how Lake Tawakoni 36,700
many e-mails would he expect to receive
Source: Texas Parks and Wildlife
between 8:00 A.M. and noon?
For See 3. BIRDS Most hummingbirds flap their wings about 50 times a second.
Exercises Examples How many times can a hummingbird flap its wings in one minute?
3–6 1
7–10 2 4. PLANETS Jupiter is about 3 times the size of Neptune. If the diameter of
Jupiter is 88,736 miles, what is the approximate diameter of Neptune?
5. MONEY To attend the class picnic, each student will have to pay $5 for
transportation and $6 for food. If there are 379 students in the class,
how much money will be collected for the picnic?
6. DVD RENTALS A video store took in $5,400 in DVD rentals during July.
January sales are expected to be double that amount. If DVDs rent for $4,
how many DVD rentals are expected in January?
11. COOKING Mr. Sanders is serving fried turkey at 3:00 P.M. The 15-pound
turkey has to cook 3 minutes for every pound and then cool for at least
45 minutes. What is the latest time he can start frying?
12. COLLECTIONS In 2002, Adam starting collecting 6 die-cast cars every year.
In 2004, his sister Lydia started collecting 9 cars per year. In what year did
Adam and Lydia have the same number of cars?
13. FIND THE DATA Refer to the Texas Data File on pages 16–19 of your
book. Choose some data and write a real-world problem in which you
would use the four-step plan to solve the problem.
H.O.T. Problems 16. CHALLENGE Use the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 to form a two-digit number
and a three-digit number so that their product is as small as possible.
Use each digit only once.
17. OPEN ENDED Create a real-world problem that can be solved by adding
79 and 42 and then multiplying the result by 3.
18. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Explain why it is important to plan before solving
(*/
a problem.
19. Jeannie has $72 to spend on birthday 20. Mr. Brooks went on a business trip.
gifts for her mother. Which three items The trip was 380 miles, and the
from the table could Jeannie purchase, average price of gasoline was $3.15 per
not including tax? gallon. What information is needed to
find the amount Mr. Brooks spent on
Item Cost
gasoline for the trip?
sweater $29.50
F Number of times Mr. Brooks
gloves $22.75 stopped to fill his tank with
purse $32.00 gasoline
chocolates $15.00
G Number of miles the car can travel
movie passes $27.75
using one gallon of gasoline
A gloves, movie passes, sweater H Number of hours the trip took
B movie passes, sweater, purse J Average number of miles
Mr. Brooks drove per day
C sweater, gloves, chocolates
D sweater, gloves, purse
Main IDEA
Use powers and TECHNOLOGY The amount of available
exponents. storage space on a computer chip !MOUNT OF
doubles every year. 9EAR 3TORAGE 3PACE UNITS
Targeted TEKS
7.2 The student 1. How is doubling shown in the table?
adds, subtracts,
multiplies, or divides 2. If the pattern continues, how much
to solve problems and justify
solutions. (E) simplify
space will be available by year 6?
numerical expressions 3. What is the relationship between the
involving order of operations
and exponents. number of 2s and the year?
Two or more numbers that are multiplied together to form a product are
NEW Vocabulary called factors. When the same factor is used, you may use an exponent
factors to simplify the notation.
exponent
The centered dots The exponent tells how many
base
indicate multiplication. times the base is used as a factor.
powers
squared 16 = 2 · 2 · 2 · 2 = 2 4
cubed
Powers Words
52 five to the second power or five squared
43 four to the third power or four cubed
24 two to the fourth power
7. POPULATION There are approximately 710 people living in the United States.
About how many people is this?
23. BIKING In a recent year, the number of 12- to 17-year-olds that went
off-road biking was 106. Write this number in standard form.
24. TRAINS The Maglev train in China is the fastest passenger train in
the world. Its average speed is 35 miles per hour. Write this speed in
standard form.
GEOMETRY For Exercises 33 and 34, use the figures shown below.
33. Find the number of unit cubes that make up each cube. Write your answers
using exponents.
34. Why do you think the expression 23 is sometimes read as 2 cubed?
41. Which One Doesn’t Belong? Identify the number that does not belong with
the other three. Explain your reasoning.
4 9 16 50
42. OPEN ENDED Select a number between 1,000 and 2,000 that can be
expressed as a power.
A C
B D
45. RACING The graph shows which numbered cars ,UCKY #AR .UMBERS
have the most wins at the Indianapolis 500.
How many more times did the number 3 car
win than the number 14 car? (Lesson 1-1)
#AR .UMBER
46. PRODUCTION A machine on a production
line fills 8 soft drink cans per minute.
How many cans does it fill in 8 hours?
(Lesson 1-1)
.UMBER OF 7INS
3OURCE INDYCOM
Main IDEA
Find squares of numbers A square with an area of 36 square units
and square roots of is shown.
perfect squares.
1. Using tiles, try to construct squares
Targeted TEKS with areas of 4, 9, and 16 square units.
7.1 The student
represents and 2. Try to construct squares with areas 12, 18, and 20 square units.
uses numbers in
a variety of equivalent forms. 3. Which of the areas form squares?
(C) represent squares
and square roots using 4. What is the relationship between the lengths of the sides and the
geometric models. Also areas of these squares?
addresses TEKS 7.14(A).
5. Using your square tiles, create a square that has an area of 49
square units. What are the lengths of the sides of the square?
NEW Vocabulary
square
perfect squares The area of the square at the right is 5 · 5 or
square root 25 square units. The product of a number UNITS UNITS
radical sign and itself is the square of the number.
So, the square of 5 is 25.
UNITS
4 Find √
196 .
2nd [x 2] 196 ENTER 14 Use a calculator.
So, √
196 = 14.
ND BASE
5 SPORTS The infield of a baseball
field is a square with an area of
8,100 square feet. What are the 0ITCHERS
dimensions of the infield? -OUND
26. ROOMS Emma’s bedroom is shaped like a square. What are the dimensions
of the room if the area of the floor is 196 square feet?
27. SPORTS For the floor exercise, gymnasts perform their tumbling skills on a
mat that has an area of 1,600 square feet. How much room does a gymnast
have to run along one side of the mat?
28. What is the square of 12? 29. Find the square of 19.
30. GARDENING A square garden has an area of 225 square feet. How much
fencing will a gardener need to buy in order to place fencing around
the garden?
%842!02!#4)#%
See pages 717, 755. GEOGRAPHY For Exercises 31–33, refer to the TX
squares in the diagram. They represent the
MI
Self-Check Quiz at approximate areas of Texas, Michigan, 518 mi
311 mi
tx.msmath2.com
and Florida. FL
31. What is the area of Michigan in square miles?
33. The water areas of Texas, Michigan, and Florida are about 6,724 square
miles, 40,000 square miles, and 11,664 square miles, respectively. Make a
similar diagram comparing the water areas of these states. Label the squares.
36. OPEN ENDED Write a number whose square is between 200 and 300.
39. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Explain why raising a number to the second power
(*/
is called squaring the number.
40. Which model represents the square 41. Which measure can be the area of a
of 4? square if the measure of the side
A C length is a whole number?
F 836 sq ft
G 949 sq ft
B D H 1,100 sq ft
J 1,225 sq ft
46. SHIPPING Jocelyn spent a total of $24 to ship 4 packages. If the packages are
equal in size and weight, how much did it cost to ship each package? (Lesson 1-1)
Main IDEA
Evaluate expressions using SPORTS The Kent City football team made one 6-point touchdown
the order of operations. and four 3-point field goals in its last game. Kaitlyn and Percy each
use an expression to find the total number of points the team scored.
Targeted TEKS
7.2 The student Kaitlyn Percy
adds, subtracts,
multiplies, or divides 6 + 4 · 3 = 6 + 12 (6 + 4) · 3 = 10 · 3
to solve problems and justify = 18 = 30
solutions. (E) simplify The team scored 18 points. The team scored 30 points.
numerical expressions
involving order of operations
and exponents. 1. List the differences between their calculations.
2. Whose calculations are correct?
3. Make a conjecture about what should be the first step in
NEW Vocabulary simplifying 6 + 4 · 3.
numerical expression
order of operations
The expression 6 + 4 · 3 is a numerical expression. To evaluate
expressions, use the order of operations. These rules ensure that
numerical expressions have only one value.
2 Evaluate 8 - 3 · 2 + 7.
8-3·2+7=8-6+7 Multiply 3 and 2.
=2+7 Subtract 6 from 8.
=9 Add 2 and 7.
READING
in the Content Area
For strategies in reading Evaluate each expression.
this lesson, visit
tx.msmath2.com. a. 39 ÷ (9 + 4) b. 10 + 8 ÷ 2 - 6
Real-World Link
A team of 500
engineers and g. What is the total cost of a video game station, four extra controllers,
technicians built the and three new video games?
first video game
console in 1966. Personal Tutor at tx.msmath2.com
Example 5 9. COINS Isabelle has 3 nickels, 2 quarters, 2 dimes, and 7 pennies. Write
(p. 39) an expression that can be used to find how much money Isabelle has
altogether. How much money does Isabelle have?
For Exercises 34 and 35, write an expression for each IN IN
IN
40 Chapter 1 Introduction to Algebra and Functions
35. MONEY Suppose that your family orders 2 pizzas, Mario’s Pizza Shop
2 orders of garlic bread, and 1 order of BBQ
Item Cost
wings from Mario’s Pizza Shop. How much
change will you receive from $30? 14” pizza $8
garlic bread $2
H.O.T. Problems 36. OPEN ENDED Write an expression containing five BBQ wings $4
numbers that is evaluated by first multiplying.
16 - 24 ÷ 6 · 2
= 16 - 24 ÷ 12
= 16 - 2 or 14
16 - 24 ÷ 6 · 2
= 16 - 4 · 2
= 16 - 8 or 8
Yutaka Cynthia
39. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Write a real-world problem in which you would need
(*/
to use the order of operations to solve it.
40. Simplify 10 - 3 · 2 + 4(15 - 5). 41. Alana has 2 boxes that contain
A 19 24 straws each and 3 boxes that
contain 15 cups each. Which
B 38
expression CANNOT be used to find
C 44 the total number of items she has?
D 80 F 2(24) + 3(15)
G 3 × 15 + 2 × 24
H 5 × (24 + 15)
J 15 + 15 + 15 + 24 + 24
42. √
64 43. √
2,025 44. √
784
45. INTERNET Each day, Internet users perform 25 million searches using a
popular search engine. How many searches is this? (Lesson 1-2)
46. PREREQUISITE SKILL A Chinese checkerboard has 121 holes. How many
holes can be found on eight Chinese checkerboards? (Lesson 1-1)
▲
Justin: The total ticket sales for the school
play were $255. Adult tickets cost $7 and
student tickets cost $4. Also, twice as many
students bought tickets as adults.
EXPLORE You know adult tickets are $7, student tickets are $4, and twice as many students
bought tickets than did adults.
PLAN Make a guess and check it. Adjust the guess until you get the correct answer.
SOLVE Make a guess.
10 adults, 20 students 7(10) + 4(20) = $150 >>>>>> too low
Adjust the guess upward.
20 adults, 40 students 7(20) + 4(40) = $300 >>>>>>> too high
Adjust the guess downward slightly.
18 adults, 36 students 7(18) + 4(36) = $270 >>>>>>> too high
Adjust the guess downward again.
17 adults, 34 students 7(17) + 4(34) = $255 >>>>>>> correct
So, there were 17 adult and 34 student tickets sold.
CHECK Seventeen adult tickets cost $119, and 34 student tickets cost $136. Since
$119 + $136 = $255 and 34 tickets are twice as many as 17 tickets,
the guess is correct.
1. Explain why you must keep a cafeful record of each of your guesses and their
results in the solve step of the problem-solving plan.
2. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Write a problem that could be solved by guess and check.
(*/
Then write the steps you would take to find the solution to your problem.
MIN S
MIN S For Exercises 11 and 12, select the appropriate
MIN S
operation(s) to solve the problem. Justify your
MIN S
MIN S selection(s) and solve the problem.
MIN S 11. ANALYZE TABLES The table gives the average
MIN S
snowfall, in inches, for Valdez, Alaska, for
MIN S
the months October through April.
In the Mini Lab, you found that the perimeter of the figure is two more
than the number of triangles. You can use a placeholder, or variable,
to represent the number of triangles. A variable is a symbol that
represents an unknown quantity.
number of triangles n+2
perimeter of figure
Evaluate Expressions
2 Evaluate 8w - 2v if w = 5 and v = 3.
8w - 2v = 8 (5) - 2 (3) Replace w with 5 and v with 3.
= 40 - 6 Do all multiplications first.
= 34 Subtract 6 from 40.
3 Evaluate 4y 2 + 2 if y = 3.
4y 2 + 2 = 4 (3)2 + 2 Replace y with 3.
= 4(9) + 2 Evaluate the power.
= 38 Multiply, then add.
4. HEALTH The standard formula for finding your maximum heart rate is
220 - a, where a represents a person’s age in years. What is your maximum
heart rate?
11. _
mn
12. _
3n
13. _
5n + m
4 9 8
30. BOWLING The expression 5n + 2 can be used to find the total cost in dollars
of bowling where n is the number of games bowled. How much will it cost
Vincent to bowl 3 games?
31. HEALTH A nurse can use the expression 110 + _ , where A is a person’s age,
A
2
to estimate a person’s normal systolic blood pressure. Estimate the normal
systolic blood pressure for a 16-year old.
(_q4 )
35. 36.
Quarts (q) Gallons Dollars (d) Quarters (4d)
4 1 1 4
6 1.5 2 8
8 3
10 4
12 5
H.O.T. Problems 39. OPEN ENDED Write an algebraic expression with the variable x that has a
value of 3 when evaluated.
41. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Tell whether the statement below is sometimes, always,
(*/
or never true. Justify your reasoning.
The expressions x - 3 and y - 3 represent the same value.
42. Which expression could be used to 43. Juan opened a bank account with
find the cost of buying b baseball bats $40 and deposited $15 each month
at $75 each and g baseball gloves at after the first one. He saved $100 by
$98 each? December. In which month did he
A 75b + 98g open the account?
B b+g F July H September
C 75 + 98 G August J October
D 75b · 98g
44. SHOPPING A grocery store sells hot dog buns in packages of 8 and 12.
How many 8-packs and 12-packs could you buy if you needed 44 hot
dog buns? Use the guess and check strategy. (Lesson 1-5)
PREREQUISITE SKILL Determine whether each sentence is true or false. (Lesson 1-4)
1. TEST PRACTICE A cycling club is planning Find the square of each number. (Lesson 1-3)
Main IDEA
Solve equations using BASKETBALL The table shows the
mental math. number of wins for six WNBA
teams after playing 34 games each.
Targeted TEKS
7.5 The student uses 1. How many losses did each team
equations to solve Women’s National Basketball
problems. have? Association, 2005
(B) formulate problem
2. Write a rule to describe how Team Wins Losses
situations when given a simple
equation and formulate you found the number of
Sacramento 25 ?
an equation when given losses.
a problem situation. Los Angeles 17 ?
3. Let w represent the number
Houston 19 ?
of wins and represent the
Seattle 20 ?
NEW Vocabulary number of losses. Rewrite
Minnesota 14 ?
your rule using numbers,
equation Phoenix 16 ?
variables, and an equals sign.
solution Source: wnba.com
solving an equation
defining the variable
d. Jordan has 16 video games. This is 3 less than the number Casey
has. To find how many video games Casey has, the equation
v - 3 = 16 can be used. How many video games v does Casey have?
F 13 G 15 H 18 J 19
Personal Tutor at tx.msmath2.com
e. Aaron buys a movie rental, popcorn, and a soft drink for a total
cost of $6.25. What is the cost of the popcorn if the movie rental
and soft drink cost $4.70 together?
Example 3 5. MONEY Jessica buys a notebook and a pack of pencils for a total of $3.50.
(p. 50) What is the cost of the notebook if the pack of pencils costs $1.25?
19. SNACKS A box initially contained 25 snack bars. If there are 14 snack bars
remaining, solve the equation 25 - x = 14 to find how many snack bars x
were eaten.
For Exercises 20 and 21, define a variable. Then write and solve an equation.
20. BASKETBALL During one game of his rookie year, LeBron James scored 41 of
the Cleveland Cavaliers’ 107 points. How many points did the rest of the
team score?
21. EXERCISE On Monday and Tuesday, Derrick walked a total of 6.3 miles. If
he walked 2.5 miles on Tuesday, how many miles did he walk on Monday?
H.O.T. Problems 30. CHALLENGE Find the values of a and b if 0 · a = b. Explain your reasoning.
31. FIND THE ERROR Joshua and Ivan each solved w - 25 = 50. Whose solution
is correct? Explain your reasoning.
w = 25
w = 75
Joshua Ivan
33. The diagram shows the distance 34. GRIDDABLE A teacher has 48 pencils
from Madison to Hudson and from to divide among a group of students.
Lawrence to Hudson. Which equation Use the equation _
48
p = 6 to find p,
can be used to find how many miles x
the number of students in the group
Lawrence is from Hudson than
if each student gets 6 pencils.
Madison?
Lawrence Madison Hudson
36 mi
58 mi
A 58 = x + 36 C 36 · 58 = x
B 58 = _x
D x - 36 = 58
36
39. DINING Four hundred sixty people are scheduled to attend a banquet. If each
table seats 8 people, how many tables are needed? (Lesson 1-1)
Main IDEA
Use Commutative, RESTAURANTS Land-Ho! Fish
Associative, Identity, and Market is having a special.
Distributive properties to
solve problems. 1. Find the total cost for a
5-member family, without
Targeted TEKS
7.15 The student tax and tip, if each one
uses logical orders a fish-bake dinner
reasoning to make
conjectures and verify
and cheesecake.
conclusions. (B) validate 2. Describe the method you used to find the total cost.
his/her conclusions using
mathematical properties
and relationships.
Here are two ways to find the total cost of the dinner:
number of people cost of 5 cheesecakes
NEW Vocabulary
5($9 + $2 ) 5($9 ) + 5($2 )
equivalent expressions
properties cost of 5 dinners
1 dinner and 1 cheesecake
a. 6(1 + 4) b. (9 + 3)6
c. Jennifer saved $120 each month for five months. How much did
she save in all? Use the Distributive Property to multiply mentally.
Personal Tutor at tx.msmath2.com
Properties The
Commutative
#/.#%04 3UMMARY Real Number Properties
Property shows how
the terms move and
Commutative The order in which two numbers are added or multiplied
change places. Properties does not change their sum or product.
The Associative
Property shows how Associative The way in which three numbers are grouped when
the parentheses Properties they are added or multiplied does not change their
move and change sum or product.
places.
Identify Properties
Name the property shown by each statement.
4 6 + (2 + 7) = (6 + 2) + 7 Associative Property of Addition
Example 3 5. MENTAL MATH Admission to watch the Texas Rangers costs $12 to sit in the
(p. 54) bleachers and $5 for a hot dog. Use the Distributive Property to mentally
find the total cost for 4 tickets and 4 hot dogs.
6. MENTAL MATH A cheetah can run 65 miles per hour at maximum speed.
At this rate, how far could a cheetah run in 2 hours? Use the Distributive
Property to multiply mentally.
MENTAL MATH For Exercises 23 and 24, use the Distributive Property to
multiply mentally.
23. TRAVEL Each year about 27 million people visit Paris, France. About how
many people will visit Paris over a five-year period?
24. ROLLER COASTERS One ride on the Flashback coaster at Six Flags over Texas
lasts 108 seconds. How long will it take to ride this coaster three times?
H.O.T. Problems 39. OPEN ENDED Write an equation that illustrates the Associative Property
of Addition.
40. NUMBER SENSE Analyze the statement (11 + 18)5 = 11 + 18(5). Then tell
whether the statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning.
42. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Write about a real-world situation that can be solved
(*/
using the Distributive Property. Then use it to solve the problem.
43. Which expression can be written as 44. Jared deposited $5 into his savings
6(9 + 8)? account. Six months later, his account
A 8·6+8·9 balance had doubled. If his old balance
was b dollars, which of the following
B 6·9+6·8
would be equivalent to his new
C 6·9·6·8 balance of 2(b + 5) dollars?
D 6+9·6+8 F 2b + 5 H b + 10
G 2b + 7 J 2b + 10
Name the number that is the solution of the given equation. (Lesson 1-7)
45. 7.3 = t - 4; 10.3, 11.3, 12.3 46. 35.5 = 5n; 5.1, 7.1, 9.1
47. PETS It is believed that a dog ages 7 human years for every calendar year.
This situation can be represented by the expression 7y where y is the age of
the dog in calendar years. Find the human age of a dog that has lived for
12 calendar years. (Lesson 1-6)
48. Evaluate (14 - 9)4. (Lesson 1-4)
Each term is found by adding 0.2 to the previous term. Continue the
pattern to find the next three terms.
1.0 + 0.2 = 1.2 1.2 + 0.2 = 1.4 1.4 + 0.2 = 1.6
The next three terms are 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6.
2 nd position 4 th position
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …
The table below shows the position of each term in this sequence.
Notice that as the position number increases by 1, the value of the term
increases by 2.
Each term is 5 times its position number. So, the expression is 5n.
5n Write the expression.
5 (100) = 500 Replace n with 100.
So, at the end of 100 weeks, 500 boxes will have been sold.
Examples 1–2 Describe the relationship between the terms in each arithmetic sequence.
(pp. 57–58) Then write the next three terms in each sequence.
1. 0, 9, 18, 27, … 2. 4, 9, 14, 19, …
3. 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, … 4. 5, 5.4, 5.8, 6.2, …
Example 3 5. PLANTS The table shows the height of a certain Month Height (in.)
(p. 59) plant each month after being planted. If this
1 3
pattern continues, what algebraic expression
2 6
can be used to find the height of the plant
at the end of twelve months? Find the plant’s 3 9
height after 12 months. 4 12
18. COLLECTIONS Hannah is starting a doll collection. Each year, she buys
6 dolls. Suppose she continues this pattern. What algebraic expression can
be used to find the number of dolls in her collection after any number of
years? How many dolls will Hannah have after 25 years?
26. DISPLAYS Kendra is stacking boxes of tissues for a store display. Each
minute, she stacks another layer of boxes. If the pattern continues, how
many boxes will be displayed after 45 minutes?
5%3
4)33
5%3 5%3
4)33 4)33
5%3 5%3 5%3
4)33 4)33 4)33
34. OPEN ENDED Write five terms of an arithmetic sequence and describe the
rule for finding the terms.
35. SELECT A TOOL Suppose you want to begin saving $15 each month.
Which of the following tools would you use to determine the amount
you will have saved after 2 years? Justify your selection(s). Then use the
tool(s) to solve the problem.
36. 83 *5*/( */ -!4( Janice earns $6.50 per hour running errands for her
(*/
neighbor. Explain how the hourly earnings form an arithmetic sequence.
37. Which sequence follows the rule 38. Which expression can be used to find
3n - 2, where n represents the position the nth term in this sequence?
of a term in the sequence?
Position 1 2 3 4 5 n th
A 21, 18, 15, 12, 9, …
Value
B 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, … 2 5 10 17 26
of Term
C 1, 7, 10, 13, 16, …
F n2 + 1
D 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, …
G 2n + 1
H n+1
J 2n 2 + 2
Targeted TEKS
7.4 Patterns,
}ÕÀiÊ£ }ÕÀiÊÓ }ÕÀiÊÎ
relationships, and
algebraic thinking.
The student represents a Make a table like the one Figure Number of
relationship in numerical, shown and record the figure Number Toothpicks
geometric, verbal, and
symbolic form. (C) use number and number of 1 4
words and symbols to toothpicks used in each figure. 2
describe the relationship
between the terms in an 3
Construct the next figure in this
arithmetic sequence (with
pattern. Record your results.
a constant rate of change)
and their positions in the
sequence. Also addresses Repeat Step 3 until you have found the next four figures
TEKS 7.14(A).
in the pattern.
A relationship that assigns exactly one output value for each input value
is called a function. In a function, you start with an input number,
NEW Vocabulary perform one or more operations on it, and get an output number.
function The operation performed on the input is given by the function rule.
function rule
function table
domain
Function
range Input Output
Rule
You can organize the input numbers, output numbers, and the function
rule in a function table. The set of input values is called the domain,
and the set of output values is called the range. The symbols { and },
which are called braces, are used to list the elements in a set.
Equation h = 19d
x 3x y x 4x y
1 3·1 3 0 4·0
2 3·2 1 4·1
3 3·3 2
4 3
3. MUSIC Jonas downloads 8 songs each month onto his digital music player.
Make a function table that shows the total number of songs downloaded
after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Then identify the domain and range.
(/-%7/2+ (%,0 Copy and complete each function table. Then identify the domain and range.
For See 6. y = 2x 7. y = 6x 8. y = 9x
Exercises Examples
x 2x y x 6x y x 9x y
6–10 1
11–14 2, 3 0 2·0 0 1 1
1 2·1 2 2
2 3 3
3 4 4
Make a function table for each situation. Then identify the domain
and range.
9. PIZZA A pizza shops sells 25 pizzas each hour. Find the number of pizzas
sold after 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours.
10. TYPING Suppose you can type 60 words per minute. What is the total
number of words typed after 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes?
x x-1 y x x+5 y
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
x x + 0.25 y x x - 1.5 y
0 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
ANALYZE TABLES For Exercises 21–23, use Orbital Velocity Around Sun
the table that shows the approximate
Velocity
velocity of certain planets as they orbit Planet
(mi /s)
the Sun.
Mercury 30
21. Write an equation to show the Earth 19
relationship between the total Jupiter 8
%842!02!#4)#%
number of miles m Jupiter travels in
Saturn 6
s seconds as it orbits the Sun.
See pages 720, 755. Neptune 5
22. What equation can be used to show
Self-Check Quiz at the total number of miles Earth travels?
tx.msmath2.com
23. How many miles does Jupiter travel in 1 minute? Earth?
27. OPEN ENDED Write about a real-world situation that can be represented
by the equation y = 3x.
29. The table shows the number of hand- 31. Cristina needs to have 50 posters
painted T-shirts Mi-Ling can make printed to advertise a community
after a given number of days. book fair. The printing company
charges $3 to print each poster. Which
Number of Total Number of
Days (x) T-Shirts (y)
table represents this situation?
32. PATTERNS Write the next three terms of the sequence 27, 36, 45, 54, … (Lesson 1-9)
Use the Distributive Property to evaluate each expression. (Lesson 1-8)
33. 5(9 + 7) 34. (12 + 4)4 35. 8(7 - 2) 36. (6 - 5)10
41. ALLOWANCE If Karen receives a weekly allowance of $8, about how much money
in all will she receive in two years? (Lesson 1-1)
2. MAKE A CONJECTURE Notice that you can purchase 5 bottles for the
whole dollar amount of $8. How many bottles will you be able to
purchase the next whole dollar amount? Use the calculator to test
your conjecture.
Study Guide
1 and Review
Download Vocabulary
Review from tx.msmath2.com
Key Vocabulary
algebra (p. 44) function rule (p. 63)
Be sure the following
Key Concepts are noted
££
£Ó
£Î
algebraic expression (p. 44) numerical expression (p. 38)
£{
Ì £x
À
in your Foldable. `ÕV £È arithmetic sequence (p. 57) order of operations (p. 38)
Ì Ì
}
iL
> À>
base (p. 30) perfect square (p. 35)
Õ `
VÌ
à coefficient (p. 45) powers (p. 30)
defining the variable (p. 50) radical sign (p. 35)
domain (p. 63) range (p. 63)
Key Concepts equation (p. 49) sequence (p. 57)
Use the four-step plan to solve each Example 1 A bag of mulch covers
problem. 25 square feet of garden space. Taylor
8. CELLULAR PHONES Sherita’s service uses 7 bags of mulch to cover her garden.
charges a monthly fee of $20.00 plus How large is Taylor’s garden?
$0.15 per minute. One monthly bill Explore Taylor used 7 bags of mulch,
is $31.25. How many minutes did each covering 25 square feet.
Sherita use during the month?
Plan Multiply 25 by 7.
9. CAR RENTAL ABC Car Rental charges
$25 per day to rent a mid-sized car Solve 25 · 7 = 175
plus $0.20 per mile driven. Mr. Ruiz Taylor’s garden is
rents a mid-sized car for 3 days and 175 square feet.
drives a total of 72 miles. Find the
amount of Mr. Ruiz’s bill. Check 175 ÷ 7 = 25, so the
answer is reasonable.
10. DOGS There are more than 5 million
puppies born in the United States
each year. About how many puppies
will be born after 4 years?
Find the square of each number. Example 4 Find the square of 15.
24. 4 25. 13 15 · 15 = 225 Multiply 15 by itself.
Find each square root. Example 5 Find the square root of 441.
26. √
81 27. √
324 21 · 21 = 441, so √441
= 21.
Solve. Use the guess and check strategy. Example 7 Find two numbers whose
34. TRAVEL Lucinda is driving away from product is 30 and whose difference is 13.
Houston at 50 miles per hour. When Make a guess and check to see if it is
she is 100 miles away, Tom leaves correct. Then adjust the guess until
Houston, driving at 60 miles per hour it is correct.
in the same direction. After how many 5 and 6 5 · 6 = 30 and 6 - 5 = 1
hours will Tom pass Lucinda? incorrect
3 and 10 3 · 10 = 30 and 10 - 3 = 7
35. FARMING A farmer sells a bushel of
incorrect
soybeans for $5 and a bushel of corn
for $3. If he hopes to earn $164 and 2 and 15 2 · 15 = 30 and 15 - 2 = 13
plans to sell 40 bushels in all, how correct
many bushels of soybeans does he
The two numbers are 2 and 15.
need to sell?
Describe the relationship between the Example 11 At the end of day 1, Sierra
terms in each arithmetic sequence. Then read 25 pages of a novel. By the end of
find the next three terms in each days 2 and 3, she read a total of 50 and
sequence. 75 pages, respectively. If the pattern
50. 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, ... continues, what expression will give the
total number of pages read after any
51. 2.6, 3.4, 4.2, 5, 5.8, ...
number of days?
52. 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, ...
Make a table to display the sequence.
MONEY For Exercises 53 and 54, use the Position Operation Value of Term
following information. 1 1 · 25 25
Tanya collected $4.50 for the first car 2 2 · 25 50
washed at a band fundraiser. After the 3 3 · 25 75
second and third car were washed, the n n · 25 25n
donations totaled $9 and $13.50,
respectively. Each term is 25 times its position number.
53. If this donation pattern continues, So, the expression is 25n.
what algebraic expression can be used
to find the amount of money earned
for any number of cars washed?
54. How much money will be collected
after a total of 8 cars have been
washed?
Copy and complete the function table. Example 12 Create and complete a
Then identify the domain and range. function table for y = 3x. Then identify
55. y = 4x the domain and range.
x 4x y Select any four values for the input x.
5 x 3x y
6 3 3 ( 3) 9
7 4 3 ( 4) 12
8 5 3 ( 5) 15
6 3 ( 6) 18
56. NAME TAGS Charmaine can make
32 name tags per hour. Make a The domain is {3, 4, 5, 6}.
function table that shows the number The range is {9, 12, 15, 18}.
of name tags she can make in 3, 4, 5,
and 6 hours.
Practice Test
1
1. PIZZA Ms. Carter manages a pizza parlor. Name the property shown by each statement.
The average daily costs are $40, plus $52 to 18. 2 + (3 + 7) = (2 + 3) + 7
pay each employee. It also costs $2 to make
19. 5(w + 2) = 5w + 5(2)
each pizza. If 42 pizzas were made one day,
requiring the work of 7 employees, what
were her total costs that day? 20. STANDARDS PRACTICE The table shows
the number of hours Teodoro spent studying
Write each power as a product of the same for his biology test over four days. If the
factor. Then evaluate the expression. pattern continues, how many hours will
Teodoro study on Sunday?
2. 3 5 3. 15 4
Day Study Time (hours)
4. HOME REPAIR Gregory wants to stain the
Monday 0.5
15-foot-by-15-foot deck in his backyard.
Tuesday 0.75
One can of stain covers 200 square feet of
surface. Is one can of stain enough to cover Wednesday 1.0
his entire deck? Explain your reasoning. Thursday 1.25
7. STANDARDS PRACTICE What is the value Describe the relationship between the terms
of 8 + (12 ÷ 3)3 - 5 × 9? in each arithmetic sequence. Then write the
next three terms in the sequence.
A 603 C 27
21. 7, 16, 25, 34, … 22. 59, 72, 85, 98, …
B 135 D 19
8. ANIMALS Irene has 6 pets, some dogs and 23. TRAVEL Beth drove at the rate of 65 miles
some birds. Her animals have a total of 16 per hour for several hours. Make a function
legs. How many of each pet does Irene have? table that shows her distance traveled after
2, 3, 4, and 5 hours. Then identify the
Evaluate each expression if x = 12, y = 5, domain and range.
and z = 3.
9. x - 9 10. 8y MONEY For Exercises 24 and 25, use the
12. _
11. (y - z) 3
xz following information.
y + 13
Anthony earns extra money after school doing
Solve each equation mentally. yard work for his neighbors. He charges $12
13. 9 + m = 16 14. d - 14 = 37
for each lawn he mows.
15. 32 = _
96 24. Write an equation using two variables to
16. 6x = 126
t show the relationship between the number
17. SAVINGS Deb is saving $54 per month to buy of lawns mowed m and number of dollars
a new camera. Use the Distributive Property earned d.
to mentally find how much she has saved 25. Then find the number of dollars earned if
after 7 months. Explain. he mows 14 lawns.
1 Texas
Chapter 1
Test Practice
Read each question. Then fill in the 3. Which description shows the relationship
correct answer on the answer document between a term and n, its position in the
provided by your teacher or on a sheet sequence?
of paper. 1 2 3 4 5 n
Position
1. A store owner bought some paperback Value of Term 3 6 9 12 15
books and then sold them for $4.50 each.
He sold 35 books on Monday and 52 books A Add 2 to n C Multiply n by 3
on Tuesday. What piece of information is B Divide n by 3 D Subtract n from 2
needed to find the amount of profit made
from sales on Monday and Tuesday? 4. GRIDDABLE Andrew spent
_1 of his Saturday
2
A Number of books sold on Wednesday earnings on a pair of jeans and _
1
of the
2
B Number of hardback books sold on remaining amount on a DVD. After he spent
Monday and Tuesday $7.40 on lunch, he had $6.10 left. How much
C Total number of paperback books sold in dollars did Andrew earn on Saturday?
D How much the owner paid for each of
the paperback books
Question 5 When you shade the answer
bubbles on the answer sheet, be sure your
2. The table shows the number of milkshakes shading covers the bubble completely.
sold at an ice cream shop each day last week.
5. Which model represents 92?
Number of F
Day of Week
Milkshakes
Sunday 31
Monday 9
Tuesday 11 G
Wednesday 15
Thursday 18 H
Friday 24
Saturday 28
6. Mrs. Albert drove 850 miles and the average 9. Emily bought 2.5 pounds of salami for $1.99
price of gasoline was $2.50 per gallon. What per pound. About how much did she pay?
information is needed to find the amount F Less than $4.00
Mrs. Albert spent on gasoline for the trip?
G Between $4 and $4.50
A Number of hours the trip took
H Between $4.50 and $5.50
B Number of miles per hour traveled
J More than $5.50
C Average number of miles the car traveled
per gallon of gasoline
10. To hold a wedding reception, a restaurant
D Average number of miles Mrs. Albert charges $45 per hour for use of a private
drove per day room plus $19.50 per person. Which
expression can be used to find the total cost
7. Mr. Thompson wants to estimate the total of a 4-hour wedding reception for 75 people?
amount he spends on insurance and fuel for A 4 × 45 + 19.50 + 75
his car each month. Insurance costs about
B 4 × 75 + 45 + 19.50
$300 per month, and he expects to drive an
average of 150 miles per week. What else C 4 × 19.50 + 75 × 45
does he need to estimate his monthly D 4 × 45 + 75 × 19.50
expenses?
F The cost of fuel and the one-way distance Pre-AP
to work
Record your answers on a sheet of paper.
G The cost of fuel and the number of miles Show your work.
per gallon his car gets 11. Figures 1, 2, and 3 are made of equal-size
H The cost of fuel and his weekly pay squares.
J The gallons of fuel needed per week