01 RISET (Research)

Design By Sondra Raharja, ST
ANALISIS BALOK
Properties penampang balok
- lebar balok, b = 400 mm

- tinggi efektif balok, d = 450 mm
- selimut beton, d' = 65 mm
Bahan
- mutu beton, fc' = 30 MPa
- b1 = 0.85
- mutu baja, fy = 300 MPa
- Elastisitas Baja, Es= 200000 MPa
Luas Tulangan
As' = 2 Æ 25
= 981.7477 mm²
As = 4 Æ 36
= 4071.504 mm²
Momen & gaya ultimit

Pada tumpuan, Mu = 350 kN.m = 350000000 N.mm
Pada lapangan, Mu = kN.m
Gaya geser (shear), Vu = kN
Gaya normal (aksial), Pu = kN
Tinggi blok tegangan tekan beton, a
(As - As').fy
a= = 90.87519 mm
0.85.fc'.b
Menentukan letak garis netral, c
c = a/b1
c = 106.912 mm
Periksa regangan tulangan baja & tekan (keluluhannya)
ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c
= 0.00118
es ' < ey ..............tulangan tekan belum leleh

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
= 0.009627
Tulangan tekan pada balok belum leleh (es' < ey), maka dihitung tinggi garis netral (c) dengan
persamaan kuadrat dari persamaan keseimbangan (S H = 0)
(S H = 0)
NT = ND1 + ND2
Dimana :
NT = As fy (Gaya tarik tulangan tarik)
ND1 = 0,85 fc' a b (Gaya tekan beton)
ND2 = As' fs' (Gaya tekan tulangan tekan)
As.fy = 0.85.fc'.a.b + As'.fs'
subt. nilai a = b1.c

subt. nilai fs' = es'.Es = {0.003.(c - d')/c}.Es
As.fy = 0.85.fc'.b1.c.b + 0.003.(c - d')/c.Es.As' kedua ruas pers. dikalikan dengan c
As.fy.c = 0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² + 0.003.(c - d').Es.As'
8670 c² + -632403 c + -38288160 = 0
c1 = 112.275 mm
c2 = -39.3335 mm
maka ambil nilai c = 112.274966 mm
Maka hitung tegangan yang terjadi pada tulangan tekan

fs' = {0.003.(c - d')/c}.Es
= 252.638504267 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(c - d')/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= 252.638504267 MPa
Dengan demikian angapan yang digunakan telah benar, analisis dapat dilanjutkan.
a = b1.c = 95.4337208 mm
ND1 = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 973423.952 N = 973.423952 kN
ND2 = As'.fs' = 248027.272 N = 248.027272 kN
ND = ND1 + ND2 = 1221451.22 N = 1221.45122 kN
NT = As.fy = 1221451.22 N = 1221.45122 kN
NT = ND
Menghitung kuat momen koppel akibat desak beton (ND1) dan akibat tulangan tekan (ND2)
Mn1 = ND1.z1 , dimana z1 = (d - a/2) z1 = 402.2831 mm

= 391.592 kN.m
Mn2 = ND2.z2 , dimana z2 = (d - d') z2 = 385 mm
= 95.490 kN.m
Momen nominal, Mn (momen ideal, momen yang ada dalam penampang balok/momen yang tersedia)
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 487.083 kN.m
Kapasitas balok (momen rencana, MR), momen yang diperlukan & diasumsikan akan menanggung beban
MR = f.Mn , dimana fbalok = 0.8
= 389.666035 kN.m
maka Mr > Mu.....OK !(balok kuat)
Pemeriksaan kekenyalan/daktilitas
Luas tulangan tarik efektif, As2
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = 826.7576 mm²
As1 = As - As2 = 3244.747 mm²
Ratio penulangan untuk koppel beton tekan dan tulangan baja tarik
r = As1/b.d = 0.01802636948
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125
jadi rho < 0.75 rho max......ok !
Perencanaan Penulangan Geser
Diketahui :
Ø Lebar balok (bw= 400 mm
Ø Tinggi balok (h)= 515 mm
Ø fc' = 30 Mpa
Ø fy = 300 Mpa
Ø f = 0.6
Ø b1 = 0.85
Ø d' = 65 mm
Ø d = h - d' = 450 mm
a. Pada Tumpuan Kiri
Vu = 152 kN = 152000 N
Vc  (1 / 6. fc ' ).bw.d  (1/6. 30 x 400 x 450 = 164316.77 N
nVc = ### x ### = 1.6E+10 N
Vu < nVc è Tidak diperlukan tulangan geser
Vu 152000 - ### = 89016.57 N

Vs   Vc 
 0.6
Vs maks  (2 / 3. fc ' ).bw.d  (2/3. 30 x 400 x 450 = 657267.07 N
Vs < Vsmaks è Penampang OK !

Diameter tulangan gese10 mm (Æ 10 mm)
1 
Av  2. . .d 2   2 ( 1 x 3.14 x 10 2 ) = 157 mm 2
4  4
 fc ' 
Vs <  .bw .d è Maka s max adalah nilai terkecil darid/2 dan 600 mm
 3 
 
Cek terhadap sengkang minimum :
Ä s max = d/4 = 450 = 112.5 mm

4
Ä s max = 300 mm
Av. fy .d
s  157 x 300 x 450 = 238.1017 mm » 230 mm
Vs 89016.57
Dipakai Æ 10 - 230 mm
b. Pada Tumpuan Kanan
Vu = 111.8 kN = 111800 N
Vc  (1 / 6. fc ' ).bw.d  (1/6. 30 x 400 x 450 = 164316.77 N
nVc = ### x ### = 1.6E+10 N
Vu < nVc è Tidak diperlukan tulangan geser
Vu 111800 - ### = 22016.57 N

Vs   Vc 
 0.6
Vs maks  (2 / 3. fc ' ).bw.d  (2/3. 30 x 400 x 450 = 657267.07 N
Vs < Vsmaks è Penampang OK !
1 
Av  2. . .d 2   2 ( 1 x 3.14 x 10 2 ) = 157 mm 2
4  4
 fc ' 
Vs <  . bw . dè Maka s max adalah nilai terkecil dari d/2 dan 600 mm
 3 
 
Ä s max = d/4 = 450 = 112.5 mm

4
Ä s max = 300 mm
Av. fy .d 157 x 300 x 450 = 962.6842 mm » 960 mm

s 
Vs 22016.57
c. Pada Lapangan
Vu = 27 kN = 27000 N
Vc  (1 / 6. fc ' ).bw.d  (1/6. 30 x 400 x 450 = 164316.77 N
nVc = ### x ### = 1.6E+10 N
1/2 nVc = 1/2 x 1.6E+10 = ### N
Vu <= 1/2 nVc ga' perlu tulangan geser minimum
1 
Av  2. . .d 2   2 ( 1 x 3.14 x 10 2 ) = 157 mm 2
4  4
3. Av. fy 3 x 157 x 300 = 353.25 mm
s 
b 400
Vc  (1 / 6. fc ' ).bw.d  (1/6. 30 x 400 x 450 = 164316.77 N
Vu 27000 - ### = -119316.77 N » 0.00 N

Vs   Vc 
 0.6
 fc ' 
Vs <=  . bw . dè Maka s max terkecil dari d/2 dan 600 mm
 3 
 
Ä s max = d/4 = 450 = 225 mm

2
Ä s max = 600 mm
SH = 0
Ts = Cc + Ts'
As.fy = 0.85.fc'.a.b + As'.fs' ….. (1)
Mu/0.8 = 0.85.fc'.a.b.(d - ½.a) + As'.fs'.(d - d')….. (2)
Dari pers. 2 diperoleh :
Mu As'.{(As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)}.d As'.{(As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)}.d'

= 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + -
0.8 As' As'
Mu
= 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + (As.fy.d - 0.85.fc'.a.b.d) - (As.fy.d' - 0.85.fc'.a.b.d')
0.8
Mu
= 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + As.fy.d - 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - As.fy.d' + 0.85.fc'.a.b.d'
0.8
Mu
= - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + As.fy.d - As.fy.d' + 0.85.fc'.a.b.d'
0.8
Maka diperoleh persamaan kuadrat dengan variable a, sbb:
(½.0.85.fc'.b).a² - (0.85.fc'.b.d').a - As.fy.(d - d') + Mu/0.8
Dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai di atas maka diperoleh PK sbb :

0.003
5100 a² + -663000 a + -32758721 = 0 d' es'
a
a1 = 168 mm c
a2 = -38 mm d
Maka pakai a = 168 mm
Maka garis netral c = a/b1 = 198 mm
es
Diketahui :
Mr = MD = 320 kN.m
As' = 4 Æ 16 = 804.2477 mm²

As = 6 Æ 16 = 1206.372 mm²
Sengkang Æ = 10 mm
b= 300 mm
h= 600 mm
selimut beton = 40 mm
d' = 58 mm ===> Jarak titik berat tulangan tekan ke tepi atas balok
fc' = 30 MPa
b1 = 0.85
fy = 400 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
Hitung titik berat tulangan tarik dengan statis momen ke tepi bawah balok
A = 1/4.p.d² = 201.0619 mm²
y = (2.A.83 + 4.A.58)/(6.A)
y = (2x83 + 4x58)/6
y = 66.33333
83
58 66.33
Tentukan d
d=h-y = 533.6667 mm
Tentukan r
Mn = r.bd².fy.(1 - 0.59.r.fy/fc')
Mn = Mr/0.8
Mn = 400 kN.m
400 x 10³ Nm = r x 0.3 x 0.534 ² x 400 x 106 (1 - 0.59.r. 400 / 30 )
268.851305 r² + -34.176013333 r + 0.4 = 0
r1 = 0.114076
r2 = 2.172204
r max = 0.75x 0.85.fc'.b1/fy x (600/600+fy)

r max = 0.024384
r1 > r max Gunakan tulangan rangkap
r1 - r max = 0.089692
Rencanakan luas tulangan tarik
As = r max x b x d = 3903.93844 mm²
Rencanakan luas tulangan tekan SALAH
As' = ( r1 - r max ) x b x d = 14359.6948 mm²
Berdasarkan titik berat tulangan baja tarik, maka d : 83

58 66.33
d=h-y = 533.6667 mm
(As - As').fy TIDAK DAPAT DIPAKAI

a= = 21.02608 mm
0.85.fc'.b
z1 = d - a/2 = 523.1536 mm
z2 = d - d' d' = selimut murni = 40 mm
d' = dari titik berat tulangan = y = 66.33333 mm
Cc1 = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 160850 N

= 160.8495 kN
Ts' = As'.fy = 321699 N
= 321.6991 kN
Ts = As.fy = 482549 N
= 482.5486 kN
SH = 0
Ts = Cc + Ts' = 482.5486 kN
Tentukan garis netral, c

c = a/b1 = 24.74 mm

ey = fy/Es
= 0.00200
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c
= -0.00403
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
= 0.061722 ….. Tulangan tarik baja sudah leleh
SH = 0
Ts = Cc + Ts'
As.fy = 0.85.fc'.a.b + As'.fs' ….. (1)
As'.fs' = As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b
fs' = (As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)/As'
Mn = Cc.z1 + Ts'.z2
Mu/0.8 = 0.85.fc'.a.b.(d - ½.a) + As'.fs'.(d - d') ….. (2)
Dari pers. 2 diperoleh :
Mu As'.{(As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)}.d As'.{(As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)}.d'

= 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + -
0.8 As' As'
Mu
= 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + (As.fy.d - 0.85.fc'.a.b.d) - (As.fy.d' - 0.85.fc'.a.b.d')
0.8
Mu
= 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + As.fy.d - 0.85.fc'.a.b.d - As.fy.d' + 0.85.fc'.a.b.d'
0.8
Mu
= - ½ .0.85.fc'.a².b + As.fy.d - As.fy.d' + 0.85.fc'.a.b.d'
0.8
Maka diperoleh persamaan kuadrat dengan variable a, sbb:
(½.0.85.fc'.b).a² - (0.85.fc'.b.d').a - As.fy.(d - d') + Mu/0.8
Dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai di atas maka diperoleh PK sbb :

0.003
3825 a² - 443700 a -229531899 = 0 d' es'
a
d' es'
a
a1 = 194 mm c
a2 = -310 mm d
Maka pakai a = 194 mm
Maka garis netral c = a/b1 = 228 mm
d' = 58 mm titik berat tulangan tekan es

fs' = {0.003.(c - d')/c}.Es = 447.320075 MPa
Hitung Mn
Mn = Cc.z1 + Ts'.z2
Cc = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 1482100.55 N
Ts' = As'.fs' = 359756.15 N
1841856.7
Ts = As.fy = 482548.632 N
Mn = 0.85.fc'.a.b.(d - ½.a) + As'.fs'.(d - d')
Mn = 818501599.936 Nmm
Mn = 818.501599936 kN.m
Mn = r.b.d².fy.(1 - 0.59.r.fy/fc') Mn = 400 b= 0.3 m

d= 0.534 m
400000 = 34.17601 r + -268.851 r2
10 6
268.8513 r2 + -34.176 r + 0.400 = 0
r1 = 0.114076
r2 = 0.013042
r max = 0.75 x (0.85.fc'.b1/fy).(600/600 + fy) r min = 1.4/fy = 0.0035
r max = 0.024384
Ambil r = 0.013042 0.01304223431 ===> rumus ini belum valid

FALSE
As = r .b.d = 1114328.93 mm²
=IF(AND(O201>0,O201<=30),0.85, IF(AND(O201>30,O201<=55),0.85-0.008*(O
30,O201<=55),0.85-0.008*(O201-30), IF(AND(O201>55),0.65)))
ANALISIS BALOK (dengan asumsi (d) dihitumg dari titik berat tulangan tarik total)
- lebar balok, b = 300 mm Statis Momen ke tepi bawah balok

- tinggi balok, h = 600 mm A = 201.0619 mm²
- tinggi efektif balok, d = 504.7 mm y1 = 58 mm
- tb tulangan tekan, d' = 58 mm y2 = 114.00 mm
- selimut beton, = 40 mm
Bahan y = (2.A.y1 + 4.A.y2)/6.A

- mutu beton, fc' = 30 MPa y= 95.33 mm
- b1 = 0.85 0.09533 m
114
58 95.33
Luas Tulangan
As' = 4 Æ 16
= 804.2477 mm²
Susunan
As = 6 Æ 16 Lapis 1 = 4 btg Jarak antar
tulangan = 40 mm
= 1206.372 mm² Lapis 2 = 2 btg lapis tulangan
tarik
Total = 6 btg
Sengkang Æ 10 mm

(As - As').fy
a= = 15.76956 mm
0.85.fc'.b
Menentukan tinggi regangan tekan, c
c = a/b1
c = 18.55243 mm
ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c
= -0.00638 …tulangan tekan tertarik

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
= 0.078607 …..tulangan tarik sudah leleh
Tulangan tekan pada balok belum leleh (es' < ey), maka dihitung tinggi reg. tekan (c) dengan persamaan
kuadrat dari persamaan keseimbangan (S H = 0)
(S H = 0)
NT = ND1 + ND2
Dimana :
NT = As fy (Gaya tarik tulangan tarik)
ND1 = 0,85 fc' a b (Gaya tekan beton)
ND2 = As' fs' (Gaya tekan tulangan tekan)

6503 c² + 120637 c + -27987821 = 0
c1 = 56.98246 mm
c2 = -75.5349 mm

fs' = {0.003.(c - d')/c}.Es
= -10.714291036 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(c - d')/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= -10.714291036 MPa
a = b1.c = 48.4350873 mm
ND1 = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
ND2 = As'.fs' = -8616.94413 N = -8.61694413 kN
ND = ND1 + ND2 = 361911.474 N = 361.911474 kN
NT = As.fy = 361911.474 N = 361.911474 kN
NT = ND
Menghitung kuat momen koppel akibat desak beton (ND1) dan akibat tulangan tekan (ND2)
Mn1 = ND1.z1 , dimana z1 = (d - a/2) z1 = 480.4491 mm

= 178.020 kN.m
Mn2 = ND2.z2 , dimana z2 = (d - d') z2 = 446.6667 mm
= -3.849 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 174.171 kN.m
= 139.336921 kN.m
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = -28.7231 mm²
As1 = As - As2 = 1235.095 mm²
r = As1/b.d = 0.00815782514
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125
Pada riset ini c masih lebih kecil dari pada d' maka dilanjutkan pada riset 3

Bahan y = (2.A.y1 + 4.A.y2)/6.A

- b1 = 0.85 0.09533 m
114
58 95.33
Luas Tulangan
As' = 4 Æ 16
= 804.2477 mm²
Susunan
tulangan = 40 mm
tarik
Total = 6 btg
Sengkang Æ 10 mm

(As - As').fy
a= = 15.76956 mm
0.85.fc'.b
c = a/b1
c = 18.55243 mm
c < d' maka perhitungan tinggi reg.c harus diulang

ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
(S H = 0)
Ts + Cs = Cc karena tulangan tekan tertarik
Dimana :
Ts = As fy (Gaya tarik tulangan tarik)
Cc = 0,85 fc' a b (Gaya tekan beton)
Cs = As' fs' (Gaya tekan tulangan tekan)
As.fy + As'.fs' = 0.85.fc'.a.b

karena d' > c, maka es' = 0.003.(d' - c)/c
subt. nilai fs' = es'.Es = {0.003.(d' - c)/c}.Es
As.fy + As'.[0.003.(d' - c)/c.Es] = 0.85.fc'.b1.c.bkedua ruas pers. dikalikan dengan c
As.fy.c + As'.[0.003.(d' - c).Es] = 0.85.fc'.b1.b.c²
0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² - As.fy.c - As'[0.003.(d' - c).Es]
0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² - As.fy.c - As'.0.003.d'.Es + As'.0.003.c.Es
0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² - (As.fy - As'.0.003.Es) c - As'.0.003.d'.Es
6503 c² + 120637 c + -27987821 = 0
c1 = 56.98246 mm 57
c2 = -120703 mm

fs' = {0.003.(d' - c)/c}.Es
= 10.7142910364 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(d' - c)/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= 10.7142910364 MPa
a = b1.c = 48.4350873 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
Cs = As'.fs' = 8616.94413 N = 8.61694413 kN
Ts = As.fy = 361911.474 N = 361.911474 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs
Menghitung kuat momen koppel akibat desak beton (Cc) dan akibat tulangan tekan (Cs)
Mn1 = Cs.z1 , dimana z1 = (d' - a/2) z1 = 33.78246 mm

= 0.291 kN.m
Mn2 = Ts.z2 , dimana z2 = (d - a/2) z2 = 480.4491 mm
= 173.880 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 174.171 kN.m
= 139.336921 kN.m
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = 28.72315 mm²
As1 = As - As2 = 1177.648 mm²
r = As1/b.d = 0.00777839123
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125

0.003
Cc ½.
c a
d' a
d' - ½a
es' Cs
d
d-
d'
Ts
es
Menghitung kuat momen koppel terhadap baja tekan
Mn1 = Cc.z1 , dimana z1 = (d' - a/2) z1 = 33.78246 mm

= 12.517 kN.m
Mn2 = Ts.z2 , dimana z2 = (d - d') z2 = 446.7 mm
= 161.654 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 174.171 kN.m
= 139.336921 kN.m
Menghitung kuat momen koppel terhadap baja tarik
Mn1 = Cc.z1 , dimana z1 = (d - a/2) z1 = 480.4491 mm

= 178.020 kN.m
Mn2 = Cs.z2 , dimana z2 = (d - d') z2 = 446.7 mm
= 3.849 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 - Mn2
= 174.171 kN.m
= 139.336921 kN.m

Bahan y = (2.A.y1 + 4.A.y2)/6.A

- b1 = 0.85 0.09533 m
114
58 95.33
Luas Tulangan
As' = 4 Æ 16
= 804.2477 mm²
Susunan
tulangan = 40 mm
tarik
Total = 6 btg
Sengkang Æ 10 mm

(As - As').fy
a= = 15.76956 mm
0.85.fc'.b
c = a/b1
c = 18.55243 mm

ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
(S H = 0)
Dimana :


0.003
Cc ½.a
6503 c² + 120637 c + -27987821 = 0 d'
c a
d' - ½a
c1 = 56.98246 mm e s' Cs
d
c2 = -120703 mm
d - d'

Ts
es
fs' = {0.003.(d' - c)/c}.Es
= 10.7142910364 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(d' - c)/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= 10.7142910364 MPa
a = b1.c = 48.4350873 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
Cs = As'.fs' = 8616.94413 N = 8.61694413 kN
Ts = As.fy = 361911.474 N = 361.911474 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs

= 0.291 kN.m
= 173.880 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 174.171 kN.m
0.003
= 139.336921 kN.m Cc ½.a
c a
d'
d' - ½a
e s' Cs
Pemeriksaan kekenyalan/daktilitas d
d - d'
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = 28.72315 mm²
Ts
es
As1 = As - As2 = 1177.648 mm²
r = As1/b.d = 0.00777839123
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125

ANALISIS BALOK (dengan asumsi (d) dihitumg dari titik berat tulangan tarik lapis 1)

- tb tulangan tekan, d' = 58 mm d'
Bahan y = 4.A.y1/4.A
- mutu beton, fc' = 30 MPa y= 58.00 mm d
- b1 = 0.85 0.05800 m h
Luas Tulangan y1
As' = 4 Æ 16
= 804.2477 mm² b
Susunan
tulangan = 40 mm
tarik
Total = 6 btg
Sengkang Æ 10 mm

(As - As').fy
a= = 15.76956 mm
0.85.fc'.b
c = a/b1
c = 18.55243 mm

ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
(S H = 0)
Dimana :


0.003
Cc ½.a
6503 c² + 120637 c + -27987821 = 0 d'
c a
d' - ½a
c1 = 56.98246 mm e s' Cs
d
c2 = -120703 mm
d - d'

Ts
es
fs' = {0.003.(d' - c)/c}.Es
= 10.7142910364 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(d' - c)/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= 10.7142910364 MPa
a = b1.c = 48.4350873 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
Cs = As'.fs' = 8616.94413 N = 8.61694413 kN
Ts = As.fy = 361911.474 N = 361.911474 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs = 370528.418 N = 370.528418 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs

= 0.291 kN.m
= 187.391 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 187.683 kN.m
= 150.146011 kN.m 0.003
Cc ½.a
c a
d'
maka Mr > Mu.....OK !(balok kuat) d' - ½a
es' Cs
Pemeriksaan kekenyalan/daktilitas d
Luas tulangan tarik efektif, As2 d - d'
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = 28.72315 mm²

Ts
As1 = As - As2 = 1177.648 mm² es
r = As1/b.d = 0.00724261028
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125

Perbandingan Momen Tahanan (Kapasitas Momen)

(d) dihitung dari titik
(d) dihitung dari titik Selisih Persentase
berat tulangan tarik lapis
berat tulangan tarik total (kN.m) (%)
1
Mn 174.1711517 kN.m 187.6825134 kN.m 13.51136 7.75751986126
MR 139.3369213 kN.m 150.1460107 kN.m 10.80909 7.75751986126

- tinggi efektif balok, d = 494.2 mm y1 = 62.5 mm
- tb tulangan tekan, d' = 62.5 mm y2 = 127.50 mm d'
Bahan y = (2.A.y1 + 4.A.y2)/6.A

h
- b1 = 0.85 0.10583 m
- Elastisitas Baja, Es= 200000 MPa `
Luas Tulangan y
As' = 3 Æ 25
= 1472.622 mm² b
Susunan
tulangan = 40 mm
tarik
Total = 6 btg
Sengkang Æ 10 mm

(As - As').fy
a= = 57.74986 mm
0.85.fc'.b
c = a/b1
c = 67.94102 mm
c > d' maka perhitungan dapat dilanjutkan

ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c
= 0.00024 …tulangan tekan tertekan

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
(S H = 0)
Ts = Cc + Cs …tulangan tekan tertekan
Dimana :

0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² - As.fy.c + As'[0.003.(c - d' ).Es]
0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² + (As'.0.003.Es - As.fy) c - As'.0.003.d'.Es
6503 c² + 0c + -55223308 = 0 0.003

d' Cc ½.a
a
c
d' - ½a
e s' Cs
c1 = 92.15545 mm d
c2 = -92.1555 mm d - d'

Ts
es
fs' = {0.003.(c - d')/c}.Es
= 193.078873991 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(c - d')/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= 193.078873991 MPa
a = b1.c = 78.3321336 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 599240.822 N = 599.240822 kN
Cs = As'.fs' = 284332.112 N = 284.332112 kN
Ts = As.fy = 883572.934 N = 883.572934 kN
Ts = Cc + Cs = 883572.934 N = 883.572934 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs

= 6.635 kN.m
= 402.026 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 408.661 kN.m
= 326.928641 kN.m
0.003
d' Cc ½.a
maka Mr > Mu.....OK !(balok kuat) a
c
d' - ½a
Pemeriksaan kekenyalan/daktilitas e s' Cs
Luas tulangan tarik efektif, As2 d
d - d'
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = 947.7737 mm²
As1 = As - As2 = 1997.469 mm² Ts

es
r = As1/b.d = 0.01347365535
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125

ANALISIS BALOK (dengan asumsi (d) dihitumg dari titik berat tulangan tarik lapis 1)

- tinggi efektif balok, d = 537.5 mm y1 = 62.5 mm
- tb tulangan tekan, d' = 62.5 mm d'
Bahan y = 4.A.y1/4.A
- b1 = 0.85 0.06250 m h
Luas Tulangan y1
As' = 3 Æ 25
= 1472.622 mm² b
Susunan
tulangan = 40 mm
tarik
Total = 6 btg
Sengkang Æ 10 mm

(As - As').fy
a= = 57.74986 mm
0.85.fc'.b
c = a/b1
c = 67.94102 mm
c > d' maka perhitungan dapat dilanjutkan

ey = fy/Es
= 0.00150
es' = 0.003.(c - d')/c
= 0.00024 …tulangan tekan tertekan

<
es = 0.003.(d - c)/c
(S H = 0)
Ts = Cc + Cs …tulangan tekan tertekan
Dimana :

0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² - As.fy.c + As'[0.003.(c - d' ).Es]
0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² + (As'.0.003.Es - As.fy) c - As'.0.003.d'.Es
0.003
d' Cc ½.a
a
c
6503 c² + 0c + -55223308 = 0 d' - ½a
e s' Cs
c1 = 92.15545 mm d
c2 = -92.1555 mm d - d'

Ts
es
fs' = {0.003.(c - d')/c}.Es
= 193.078873991 MPa
atau
fs' = 600.(c - d')/c karena 0.003 x 200000 = 600
= 193.078873991 MPa
a = b1.c = 78.3321336 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc'.a.b = 599240.822 N = 599.240822 kN
Cs = As'.fs' = 284332.112 N = 284.332112 kN
Ts = As.fy = 883572.934 N = 883.572934 kN
Ts = Cc + Cs = 883572.934 N = 883.572934 kN
Cc = Ts + Cs

= 6.635 kN.m
= 440.314 kN.m
Mn = Mn1 + Mn2
= 446.949 kN.m
= 357.55917 kN.m
0.003
d' Cc ½.a
maka Mr > Mu.....OK !(balok kuat) a
c
d' - ½a
Pemeriksaan kekenyalan/daktilitas e s' Cs
Luas tulangan tarik efektif, As2 d
d - d'
As2 = (As'.fs')/fy = 947.7737 mm²
As1 = As - As2 = 1997.469 mm² Ts

es
r = As1/b.d = 0.01238740717
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667
r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

fy. (600 + fy)
r max = 0.75.r b = 0.036125

Perbandingan Momen Tahanan (Kapasitas Momen)

(d) dihitung dari titik
(d) dihitung dari titik Selisih Persentase
berat tulangan tarik lapis
berat tulangan tarik total (kN.m) (%)
1
Mn 408.6608014 kN.m 446.9489619 kN.m 38.28816 9.36917862724
MR 326.9286411 kN.m 357.5591695 kN.m 30.63053 9.36917862724
PERILAKU LENTUR BALOK
Hitung momen tahanan (kuat lentur) untuk balok dengan parameter sbb:
b= 350 mm 0.85fc'
d= 600 mm e c'
½a
fc' = 30 MPa c a
Cc
h d z = d - ½.a
Tulangan :
As = 4Æ 25 = 1963.50 mm² As
es Ts
kasus 1 ; fy = 300 MPa
Diagram Diagram Tegangan dan
kasus 2 ; fy = 400 MPa b
regangan Kopel Momen
Solusi kasus 1 ;
Dengan menggunakan perkiraan bahwa tulangan baja tarik telah mencapai tegangan luluh (fy)
kemudian harus diperiksa
SH=0 , dimana fy = 300 MPa
Cc = Ts
0.85.fc'.a.b = As.fy
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 66 mm
z = d - ½.a = 567 mm
Maka momen tahanan adalah :
Ditinjau dari blok tekan beton

Mn = Cc.z
Mn = 0.85.fc'.a.b.(d - ½.a) = 333990614.441 N.mm
= 333.990614441 kN.m
Ditinjau dari tulangan baja tarik

Mn = Ts.z
Mn = As.fy.(d - ½.a) = 333990614.441 N.mm
= 333.990614441 kN.m
Ø Perhitungan di atas berdasarkan asumsi bahwa tulangan telah mencapai regangan luluh (berarti
tegangannya luluh) sebelum beton mencapai regangan batas maximum 0.003
Ø Tegangan yang terjadi pada tulangan tarik = tegangan luluh baja

Solusi kasus 2 ;
Dengan menggunakan perkiraan bahwa tulangan baja tarik telah mencapai tegangan luluh (fy)
kemudian harus diperiksa
SH=0 , dimana fy = 400 MPa
Cc = Ts
0.85.fc'.a.b = As.fy
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 88 mm
z = d - ½.a = 556 mm
Maka momen tahanan adalah :
Ditinjau dari blok tekan beton

Mn = Cc.z
Mn = 0.85.fc'.a.b.(d - ½.a) = 436681459.659 N.mm
= 436.681459659 kN.m
Ditinjau dari tulangan baja tarik

Mn = Ts.z
Mn = As.fy.(d - ½.a) = 436681459.659 N.mm
= 436.681459659 kN.m
Ø Perhitungan di atas berdasarkan asumsi bahwa tulangan telah mencapai regangan luluh (berarti
tegangannya luluh) sebelum beton mencapai regangan batas maximum 0.003
Ø Tegangan yang terjadi pada tulangan tarik = tegangan luluh baja

Perbandingan Mn dengan fc' tetap
fc' = 30 Mn (kN.m)
fy = 300 333.991
fy = 400 436.681
Hitung kapasitas momen ideal (Mn) dengan tulangan mutu 400
Properties balok :
b= 300 mm
d= 600 mm
fy = 240 MPa
As = 4Æ 28 = 2463.01 mm²
Kasus 1 : fc' = 20 MPa

0.85fc'
e c'
½a
c a
Cc
h d
z = d - ½.a
As
es
Ts
Diagram Tegangan dan

b Diagram Kopel Momen
regangan
Solusi
Kasus 1 ; fc' = 20 MPa
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 115.906 mm
z = d - ½.a = 542.047 mm
Momen ideal
Ø Mn dengan tegangan tekan beton

Mn = Cc.z
Mn = 0.85.fc'.a.b.z = 320415861 N.mm
= 320.4158613 kN.m
Ø Mn dengan gaya tarik tulangan baja

Mn = Ts.z
Mn = As.fy.z = 320415861 N.mm
= 320.4158613 kN.m
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 77.2709 mm
z = d - ½.a = 561.365 mm
Momen ideal

Mn = Cc.z
Mn = 0.85.fc'.a.b.z = 331834989 N.mm
= 331.8349889 kN.m

Mn = Ts.z
Mn = As.fy.z = 331834989 N.mm
= 331.8349889 kN.m
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 66.2322 mm
z = d - ½.a = 566.884 mm
Momen ideal

Mn = Cc.z
Mn = 0.85.fc'.a.b.z = 335097597 N.mm
= 335.0975968 kN.m

Mn = Ts.z
Mn = As.fy.z = 335097597 N.mm
= 335.0975968 kN.m
Perbandingan dalam bentuk tabulasi
No. Kasus fy fc' As b d a z Mn

1 240 20 2463.01 300 600 115.906 542.047 320.4158612771
2 240 30 2463.01 300 600 77.2709 561.365 331.8349889246
3 240 35 2463.01 300 600 66.2322 566.884 335.0975968239
Tinggi blok teg. tekan beton berbanding terbalik dengan Mn

TINJAUAN KASUS 1 UNTUK KUAT MOMEN TAMPANG PADA VARIASI TITIK TERTENTU
Tinjauan Momen Tampang pada Titik c (pada tinggi regangan tekan)
0.85fc'
e c'
½a ½a
a c
c Cc Cc c - ½.a
d
z = d - ½.a d-c
Ts Ts
es
Tinjauan Momen
Diagram Tampang pada Titik c
regangan Diagram Tegangan dan
Kopel Momen (Tinggi reg. tekan)
Properties balok :
b= 300 mm fc' = 20 MPa b1 = 0.85

d= 600 mm fy = 240 MPa
As = 4Æ 28 = 2463.01 mm²
Solusi ;
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 115.906 mm
c = a/b1 = 136.36 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc.a.b = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Ts = As.fy = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Hitung Kuat Momen Tampang /Momen ideal
dimana ;
c - ½.a = 0.07841 m
d-c= 0.46364 m
Mn = Cc.(c - ½.a) + Ts.(d - c)
Mn = 320.4158613 kN.m
Tinjauan Momen Tampang pada Titik ½.z
0.85fc'
e c'
½a ½a
c a Cc Cc
½.z
d
z = d - ½.a
½.z
Ts Ts
es
Tinjauan Momen
Diagram Diagram Tegangan dan Tampang pada Titik
½.z
Properties balok :
b= 300 mm fc' = 20 MPa b1 = 0.85

d= 600 mm fy = 240 MPa
As = 4Æ 28 = 2463.01 mm²
Solusi ;
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 115.906 mm
c = a/b1 = 136.36 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc.a.b = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Ts = As.fy = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
dimana ;
z = (d - ½.a) = 0.54205 m
½.z = 0.27102 m
Mn = Cc.½.z + Ts.½.z
Mn = 320.4158613 kN.m
Tinjauan Momen Tampang pada Titik Tepi Atas Penampang/pada Sisi Atas Blok Tegangan Tekan
Beton
0.85fc'
e c'
½a ½a
c a
Cc Cc
d d
z = d - ½.a
Ts Ts
es
Tinjauan Momen
Tampang pada Tepi Atas
Diagram Diagram Tegangan dan Penampang (sisi atas a)
Properties balok :
b= 300 mm fc' = 20 MPa b1 = 0.85

d= 600 mm fy = 240 MPa
As = 4Æ 28 = 2463.01 mm²
Solusi ;
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 115.906 mm
c = a/b1 = 136.36 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc.a.b = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Ts = As.fy = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Mn = - Cc.½.a + Ts.d
Mn = 320.4158613 kN.m
Tinjauan Momen Tampang pada Titik Tepi Bawah Blok Tegangan Tekan Beton
0.85fc'
e c'
½a
c a Cc Cc ½a
d
z = d - ½.a
d-a
Ts Ts
es
Tinjauan Momen
Diagram Tegangan dan Tampang pada Tepi
Diagram Bawah Blok Tegangan
Tekan Beton (sisi bawah a)
Properties balok :
b= 300 mm fc' = 20 MPa b1 = 0.85

d= 600 mm fy = 240 MPa
As = 4Æ 28 = 2463.01 mm²
Solusi ;
a = (As.fy)/(0.85.fc'.b) = 115.906 mm
c = a/b1 = 136.36 mm
Cc = 0.85.fc.a.b = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Ts = As.fy = 591122.0737 N
= 591.1220737 kN
Mn = Cc.½.a + Ts.(d - a)
Mn = 320.4158613 kN.m
Hitung kapasitas momen ideal

no x y
1 0 0
2000 2 0 200
2000 3 200 200
4 200 0
5 0 0
250
200
150
100
50
0 50 100 150 200 250

0 150 200 250
Diketahui
Mn = 250 kN.m = 250000000
fc' = 30 MPa b1 = 0.85
fy = 400 MPa
Æ 19 mm
Æ 10 mm
500
cov 40 mm
b = 300 mm= 0.3

98,833 118,5
h = 500 mm= 0.5 59,5
d = 441 mm= 0.4405
300
Mn = r.b.d².fy.(1 - 0.59.r.fy/fc')
23.2848 r
183.174 r²
0.25
183.174 r² + -23.285 r + 0.250 = 0
r1 = 0.11528
r2 = 0.01184
r min = 1.4/fy = 0.0035
r max = 0.75 x (0.85fc'.b1.(600)/(fy x (600 + fy) = 0.02438
ambil r = 0.01184
As = r.b.d = 1564.56 mm² 6D- 19 1701.172422 mm²
Susunan tulangan
Lapis 1 = 4
Lapis 2 = 2
Jarak bersih antar lapis 40 mm
Statis Momen ke Tepi Bawah
y1 = 59.5 A = 283.529 mm²

y2 = 118.5
y = 2xAy1 + 4xAy2 /6xA
y = 98.8333 mm
y = 0.09883 mm
d = 401.167 mm
Mn = As.fy.z z = d - a/2
(As - As').fy As x fy = 88.9502

a= a=
0.85.fc'.b 0.85.fc'.b
z = 356.692 mm
Mn = As.fy.z, z di cari
z = Mn/As.fy = 367.394 mm
As = Mn/fy.z = 1752.21 mm²

500
51.04 2.91298 %
98,833 118,5
59,5
300

01 RISET (Research)

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01 RISET (Research)

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Design By Sondra Raharja, ST

Properties penampang balok

- lebar balok, b = 400 mm

Momen & gaya ultimit

Tinggi blok tegangan tekan beton, a

Menentukan letak garis netral, c

Periksa regangan tulangan baja & tekan (keluluhannya)

es ' < ey ..............tulangan tekan belum leleh

As.fy = 0.85.fc'.a.b + As'.fs'

subt. nilai a = b1.c

As.fy = 0.85.fc'.b1.c.b + 0.003.(c - d')/c.Es.As' kedua ruas pers. dikalikan dengan c

As.fy.c = 0.85.fc'.b1.b.c² + 0.003.(c - d').Es.As'

8670 c² + -632403 c + -38288160 = 0

maka ambil nilai c = 112.274966 mm

Maka hitung tegangan yang terjadi pada tulangan tekan

Mn1 = ND1.z1 , dimana z1 = (d - a/2) z1 = 402.2831 mm

maka Mr > Mu.....OK !(balok kuat)

As1 = As - As2 = 3244.747 mm²

r min = 1.4/fy = 0.00466666667

r b = 0.85.fc'.b1. ( 600 ) = 0.04816666667

jadi rho < 0.75 rho max......ok !

Perencanaan Penulangan Geser

a. Pada Tumpuan Kiri

nVc = ### x ### = 1.6E+10 N

Vu < nVc è Tidak diperlukan tulangan geser

Vu 152000 - ### = 89016.57 N

Vs < Vsmaks è Penampang OK !

Diameter tulangan gese10 mm (Æ 10 mm)

Ä s max = d/4 = 450 = 112.5 mm

b. Pada Tumpuan Kanan

nVc = ### x ### = 1.6E+10 N

Vu < nVc è Tidak diperlukan tulangan geser

Vu 111800 - ### = 22016.57 N

Vs < Vsmaks è Penampang OK !

Diameter tulangan gese10 mm (Æ 10 mm)

Ä s max = d/4 = 450 = 112.5 mm

Av. fy .d 157 x 300 x 450 = 962.6842 mm » 960 mm

nVc = ### x ### = 1.6E+10 N

1/2 nVc = 1/2 x 1.6E+10 = ### N

Vu <= 1/2 nVc ga' perlu tulangan geser minimum

Diameter tulangan gese10 mm (Æ 10 mm)

Cek terhadap sengkang minimum :

Vc  (1 / 6. fc ' ).bw.d  (1/6. 30 x 400 x 450 = 164316.77 N

Vu 27000 - ### = -119316.77 N » 0.00 N

Ä s max = d/4 = 450 = 225 mm

Mu/0.8 = 0.85.fc'.a.b.(d - ½.a) + As'.fs'.(d - d')….. (2)

Dari pers. 2 diperoleh :

Mu As'.{(As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)}.d As'.{(As.fy - 0.85.fc'.a.b)}.d'

Maka diperoleh persamaan kuadrat dengan variable a, sbb:

(½.0.85.fc'.b).a² - (0.85.fc'.b.d').a - As.fy.(d - d') + Mu/0.8

Dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai di atas maka diperoleh PK sbb :

Maka pakai a = 168 mm

Maka garis netral c = a/b1 = 198 mm

As' = 4 Æ 16 = 804.2477 mm²

A = 1/4.p.d² = 201.0619 mm²

268.851305 r² + -34.176013333 r + 0.4 = 0

r max = 0.75x 0.85.fc'.b1/fy x (600/600+fy)

r1 > r max Gunakan tulangan rangkap

Rencanakan luas tulangan tarik

As = r max x b x d = 3903.93844 mm²

Rencanakan luas tulangan tekan SALAH

As' = ( r1 - r max ) x b x d = 14359.6948 mm²

Berdasarkan titik berat tulangan baja tarik, maka d : 83