Chapter 7

Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beams

(Strength Analysis)
Antoine N. Gergess PhD, PE, F.ASCE
 Outline
• Analysis versus Design
• Purpose and Use
• Force Distribution (internal stresses)
• Strain Distribution
• Nominal Moment Mn
Compression steel yields
Compression steel does not yield
Analysis
Purpose and Use
Force Distribution (Internal Stresses)
Strain Distribution
 Nominal Moment Mn

As = As1 + As2

Balances Cc Balances A’s

 Balances Cc Balances A’s

As = As1 + As2
Analysis

200,000 MPa)
 Cc + C s

Replace a and f’s in equation above:

ductility = (Cc/fy)/(bd) = (As – A’sf’s/fy)/(bd)

 Effect of compression steel on concrete
(more accuracy)

To be more accurate, you can subtract 0.85f’c

from 0.003EsA’s

-0.85f’cA’s
Cc (d-a/2) + Cs

Mn = (Asfy – A’s fs)(d-a/2) + A’s [fs-0.85f’c](d-d’)

Example 1: Determine the design strength (moment capacity)

1 = 0.85 – 0.05×(30MPa – 28MPa)/7 = 0.836

Step 1: solve for c (location of neutral axis)

+¿ /− √ ( 𝑏′ − 4 𝑎 𝑐 ′ )
2 ′
′ 2 ′ ′ ′
𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑐 +𝑐 =0 ; 𝑐=−𝑏 ¿
2 𝑎′

a’ = 0.85×30N/mm2×400mm×0.836 = 8,527N/mm
b’ = (0.003×200,000N/mm2×1,005mm2- 6,250mm2×400N/mm2) = -1,897,000N
c’ = -(0.003×75mm200,000N/mm2×1,005mm2) = -45,225,000N-mm
 ; a = 0.836  244.2mm = 204.1mm
Step 2: solve for forces Cc, Cs

Cc = 0.85×30N/mm2×400mm×0.836244.2mm = 2,082,342N = 2,082.3kN

0.00208  y = 0.002  compression steel yielded  f’s = fy = 400MPa

Cs = A’sfs = 1,005mm2 × 400N/mm2 = 402,000N = 402kN

Verify: Cc + Cs = 2,082.3kN + 402kN = 2,484.3kN = Asfy = 6,250mm2 × 400N/mm2 = 2,500,000N = 2,500kN

Step 3: Calculate Mn

  = = 0.0051  0.005   = 0.9

Mn = 2,082.3kN  (660mm – 204.1mm/2)/1000 + 402kN  (660mm – 75mm)/1000 = 1,397KN-m

Mn = 0.91,397kN-m = 1,257kN-m
Step 4: Check Minimum and Maximum steel requirements

governs (larger )   = 6,250mm2/(660mm400mm) = 0.0237 provided in the tension zone OK

=  = 0.0237 provided in the tension zone OK
Example 2 Determine the design strength (moment capacity)

Step 1: solve for c (location of neutral axis) 1 = 0.85 – 0.05×(30MPa – 28MPa)/7 = 0.836

+¿ /− √ ( 𝑏′ − 4 𝑎 𝑐 ′ )
2 ′
′ 2 ′ ′ ′
𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑐 +𝑐 =0 ; 𝑐=−𝑏 ¿
2 𝑎′

a’ = 0.85×30N/mm2×400mm×0.836 = 8,527N/mm
b’ = (0.003×200,000N/mm2×1,257mm2- 6,434mm2×400N/mm2) = -1,819,400N
c’ = -(0.003×75mm200,000N/mm2×1,257mm2) = -56,565,000N-mm
 ; a = 0.836  240.9mm = 201.4mm
Step 2: solve for forces Cc, Cs

Cc = 0.85×30N/mm2×400mm×0.836240.9mm = 2,054,203N = 2,054.2kN

0.00207  y = 0.002  compression steel yielded  f’s = fy = 400MPa

Cs = A’sfs = 1,257mm2 × 400N/mm2 = 502,800N = 502.8kN

Verify: Cc + Cs = 2,054.2kN + 502.8kN = 2,557kN = Asfy = 6,434mm2 × 400N/mm2 = 2,574,000N = 2,574kN

Step 3: Calculate Mn

  = = 0.00522  0.005   = 0.9

Mn = 2,054.2kN  (660mm – 201.4mm/2)/1000 + 502.8kN  (660mm – 75mm)/1000 = 1,443KN-m

Mn = 0.91,443kN-m = 1,299kN-m
Step 4: Check Minimum and Maximum steel requirements

governs (larger )   = 6,434mm2/(660mm400mm) = 0.0244 provided in the tension zone OK

=  = 0.0244 provided in the tension zone NG; however, when checking
Example 3 Determine the design strength (moment capacity)

Step 1: solve for c (location of neutral axis) 1 = 0.85 – 0.05×(30MPa – 28MPa)/7 = 0.836

+¿ /− √ ( 𝑏′ − 4 𝑎 𝑐 ′ )
2 ′
′ 2 ′ ′ ′
𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑐 +𝑐 =0 ; 𝑐=−𝑏 ¿
2 𝑎′

a’ = 0.85×30N/mm2×400mm×0.836 = 8,527N/mm
b’ = (0.003×200,000N/mm2×1,005mm2- 4,824mm2×400N/mm2) = -1,326,600N
c’ = -(0.003×75mm200,000N/mm2×1,005mm2) = -45,225,000N-mm
 ; a = 0.836  184.3mm = 154.1mm
Step 2: solve for forces Cc, Cs

Cc = 0.85×30N/mm2×400mm×0.836184.3mm = 1,571,963N = 1,572kN

0.00178  y = 0.002  compression steel yielded 

f’s = = 355.8MPa

Cs = A’sfs = 1,005mm2 × 355.8N/mm2 = 357,612N = 357.6kN

Verify: Cc + Cs = 1,572kN + 357.6kN = 1,929.6kN = Asfy = 4,824mm2 × 400N/mm2 = 1,929,600N = 1,929.6kN

Step 3: Calculate Mn

  = = 0.00774  0.005   = 0.9

Mn = 1,572kN  (660mm – 154.1mm/2)/1000 + 357.6kN  (660mm – 75mm)/1000 = 1,125KN-m

Mn = 0.91,125kN-m = 1,013kN-m
Step 4: Check Minimum and Maximum steel requirements

governs (larger )   = 4,824mm2/(660mm400mm) = 0.0183 provided in the tension zone OK

=  = 0.0183 provided in the tension zone OK;