T-BEAM ANALYSIS

- Rectangular ang inaanalyze, pero ang totoong resistance ng concrete is more than sa size niya since
may slab pa
- Tf = Thickness ng slab

- Sa actual, con nuous ang slab, hanggang saan iaanalyze ang Bf.
- May formula tayo for Bf, usually ginagamit yung yellow. Yung green ay equivalent lang ng yellow BUT
symmetrical.
- Bf , choose the SMALLEST.
- S1 = Clear spacing (hindi isasama yung center ng beam)
- Pag sinabing clear measurement, yun yung center to center ng beam
- Magiging center to center spacing kapag equal yung S1 , S2 , & Bw

I. CASE 1: compression block, a < flange thickness, tf

- Pag yung “a” hindi lumagpas sa flange
- a = depth of compression of concrete
- para ka lang nag aanalyze ng shape type na rectangle here or malapad na beam. Kasi yung shaded
region region yung imumul ply sa 0.85f’c.
- Therefore 0.85f’caBf
 II. CASE 2: Compression Block, a > Flange Thickness, Tf
- Pag yung “a” lumagpas sa thickness ng flange
- Ex. tf = 100 , then a = 200 , therefore hindi na rectangle yung area mo, haha in na siya sa dalawa
- Kahit anong ha basta alam mo yung centroid since mag momoment ka don, and area since
mumul ply mo siya sa 0.85f’c
- Magiging dalawa yung C. C1 & C2

- Just get the areas of As then mul ply to 0.85f’c

- C1 – nag aact sa centroid ng A1 . | C2 – nag aact sa centroid nung dalawang nasa pakpak
- Parang yung last example nakaraan, nagmoment sa taas papuntang tension: fd + fd
- Ngayon naman sa baba mag moment papuntang compression; fd + fd parin
DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR T-BEAM

- Adjacent means katabi

- Span, yung perpendicular distance
- Slab thickness, ayun narin yung flange thickness
Bf = 6000/4 = 1500 is the smallest, therefore eto yung gagami n na Bf and yung ans.
 Bf = 16(120) + 250 = 2170
Bf = 3000/2 + 3000/2 + 250 =3250
- Pag ginamit yung nasa green, same lang din lalabas sa pangatlong Bf since symmetrical naman
- Pang GENERAL yung yellow, while pang SYMMETRICAL yung green

Step 1: ASSUME CASE 1, STEEL YIELDS

0.85f’cabf = Asfy | 0.85(21)a(700) = 500π (420) | a= 52.79987653mm
As= 500π therefore, CASE 1 (Correct Assumption)
- If mali yung assumption, meaning mali yung formula ng area mo, gagawin mong area ng T
c = 62.1175018 mm | fs = 600 (500- 62.1175018)/62.1175018 = 4229.556748 Kn
therefore, Steel yields and tension controlled

Step 2: ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY

Mu = ΦC(d-a/2) = (0.90) 0.85(21)(52.79987653)(700)[500-52.79987653/2) = 281.2052517 kN <- ans

- Kung ano yung pinakatuktok ng slab, yun yung start ng height ng T-BEAM
- Pag nagbigay ng Height sa beam hanggang top ng slab yun
- Pag doubly reinforced, andun yung bakal sa loob ng slab
- Actual, con nuous yung mga beams, so dapat alam yung bf or the Effec ve Flange Width
Para malaman yung Bf , ung tatlong color na formula (yellow (interior/general), orange (exterior), and
green (symmetrical) then smallest yung pipiliin lagi.

- This me lalagpas na tayo sa flange, so true T-Beam analysis na mangyayari

- Hinaha sa dalawa para maging rectangular and aalamin kung nasan yung centroid
- Since pag nag moment tayo, may compressive force, C sa taas then dapat alam na n kung san mag aact
- @T-Beam Design, same lang halos ng procedure sa rectangular, nadagdagan lang nag assump on which
is yung kung hanggang saan ang “a”
- Dapat alam mo pano gawin yung figure base sa given
- pag center to center yung given pwedeng gawin yung symmetrical na formula
- pag walang sinabi sa problem, assume Interior
- S1 is always nasa kaliwa, then S2 sa kanan
- Basta Capacity ang tanong C=T na agad, kahit anong shape pa yan
- Pag nag coconclude, sa design lang yung I coconclude mo kung singly or doubly
Step 1: C = T, ASSUME STEEL YIELDS, a < tf
0.85 (21) a (700) = 1024π (420) | a = 108.1341471 mm 108.1341471 > 100 therefore, a > tf
As = 1024 π Wrong assumption

Step 2: REVISE ASSUMPTION, a > tf , ASSUME STEEL YIELDS

Ac = A1 + A2 | A1 = 300a ; A2 = (200*100)2 = 40000 | Ac = 300a + 40000
0.85 (21) (300a + 40000)= 1024π (420) | a = 118.9796766mm a > tf
Correct Assumption
c = 139.9760902 mm | fs= 600(500-139.9760902)/139.9760902 = 1543.223172
Correct Assumption, Steel Yields & Tension Controlled

- Kung ayaw mo mag compare sa 1000, divide mo, fs/200 000 = dapat mas Malaki sa 0.005 para tension
controlled. Yung sagot yung pwede mong maging reduc on factor base dun sa graph.
- Looking sa figure dapat maimagine mo yung mga forces since tatlo na forces mo. 1Tension force and 2
Compression force since hina mo sa dalawa yung compression areas.
- Importante na naiin ndihan yung graph at wag puro memorize para kahit anong shape, masosolve mo
- Pag analysis, dalawang case, Case 1 & Case 2. Pwede to mag transi onpag less than 1000 but greater
than fy
Step 3: ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY
Mn = C1 (d-a/2) + C2 (d-a/2) = 0.85(21)300a(500-a/2) + 0.85(21)(40000) (500-100/2)
Mn = 601.9649566 kN Mu = 0.90 (601.9649566 kN ) = 541.7684609 kN <- ans.

a. Step 1: ASSUME SINGLY, a< tf , Tension Controlled

- Moment due to DL and LL tong mga to, para maging ul mate, gamit ng Load Combina ons
Mu = 1.2(150) + 1.6(120) = 372 kN-m | 372 kN-m = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)(a)(820)(470-a/2)
a = 65.5205761 ; Correct Assump on, a< tf
c =77.0830307 mm | fs = 600(470 - 77.0830307) / 77.0830307 = 3058.392741 kN
Correct Assump on, Steel Yields, Tension Controlled, Singly Reinforced
Step 2: DETERMINE THE As & As min, C = T
0.85(20.7)(65.5205761)(820)=As(414) | As = 2283.392077 mm <- ans
- For ρmin , b is always bw
- Pag f’c is 31 pababa, mas malaki lagi si 1.4/fy
As min = ρmin bd = 397 mm (pasok sa min) | ρmin = 0.0027 or 0.00338

b. Step 1: ASSUME SINGLY, a< tf , Tension Controlled

Mu = 1.2(195) + 1.6(210) = 570 kN-m | 570 kN-m = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)(a)(820)(470-a/2)
a = 105.1614937 ; Wrong Assump on, a> tf
REVISE ASSUMPTION, assume a> tf
Mu = Φ[ C1(d-a/2) + C1(d-100/2)] = 0.90 [ (0.85(20.7)
570 kN-m = 0.90 [ (0.85)(20.7)(250a)(470-a/2) + (0.85)(20.7)(57000)(470-100/2)
a = 117.2119544 mm ; Correct Assump on a> tf
Ac = A1 + A2 | A1 = 250a ; A2 = (285*100)2 = 57000 | Ac = 250a + 57000
c = 137.8964169 mm | fs = 600 (470-137.8964169) /137.8964169 =1445.013252 kN
Correct Assump on, Tension Controlled, Singly
Step 2: DETERMINE THE As & As min, C = T
0.85(20.7)( 250a + 57000)=As(414) | As = 3667.877016 mm <- ans
- For ρmin , b is always bw
- Pag f’c is 31 pababa, mas malaki lagi si 1.4/fy
As min = ρmin bd = 446.5 mm (pasok sa min) | ρmin = 0.0027 or 0.0038

IRREGULAR BEAMS ANALYSIS

- Pag design walang bakal, pag analysis may bakal

- @RCD, importante na naiintindihan mo yung stress diagram kasi dun tayo kukuha ng solution
- Pag hindi na regular, C = T ,
C = 0.85 f’c (area ng concrete)
- Then for moment arm, dapat alam mo yung centroid ng irregular shape.

- Pag Analysis, FIRST STEP IS C=T LAGI

Step 1: C = T , ASSUME a< tf , STEEL YIELDS

0.85(21)a(150) = 1024π (345) | a = 414.5142307 ; wrong assumption, a> tf
As = 1024 π
REVISE ASSUMPTION, assume a> tf
Ac = A1 + A2 | A1 = 22500 ; A2 = 450(a-150) | Ac = 22500 + 450(a-150)
0.85(21)(22500 + 450(a-150)) = 1024π (345) : a = 234.1714102mm; correct assumption a> tf

c = 275.4957767mm ; fs = 600(625-275.4957767)/ 275.4957767mm = 738.3218401

Steel yields, fs > fy
Step 2: ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY
εt = fs / Es = 738.3218401 / 200000 = 0.003691609201
Φ = 0.8001228397
Mu = 0.8 ((0.85)(21)22550(625-75)) + (0.85)(21)(37867.13459)(625-(150+42.0857051))
Mu = 411.2029 (420.93 sagot ni sir, ALWAYS SHIFT STORE VALUES HANGGANG WALA PA SA FINAL ANS!!!)