Analysis and Design of T-Beam

Analysis and design of T-beam
Introduction
b
w
b
w
effective flange
width b
e
effective flange
width b
e
d
h
f
stirrup
A
s
L-beam T-beam
Flange
web
Reinforced concrete system normally consist of slab and beam that are
placed monolithically. As a result, the two parts act together to resist
loads. The beams have extra widths at their tops called flanges, and T
shaped beam are called T beams.

Effective Flange Width b
e
Portions near the webs are more highly stressed than areas away from
the web.

Effective width (b
eff
)

b
eff
is width that is stressed uniformly to give the same compression
force actually developed in compression zone of width b
actual

ACI Code Provisions for Estimating b
eff
According to ACI code, effective flange width of a T-beam, b
e
is not
to exceed the smallest of:
One-fourth the span length of the beam, L/4.
Width of web plus 16 times slab thickness, b
w
+16 h
f
.
Center-to-center spacing of beams, b
actual
.

ACI Code Provisions for Estimating b
eff
According to ACI code, effective flange width of a L-beam, b
e
is not
to exceed the smallest of:
b
w
+ L/12.
b
w
+ 6 h
f
.
b
w
+ 0.5x(clear distance to next web).

For isolated T-beams, the flange thickness is not to exceed half the web
width, b
w
/2 , and the effective flange width b
e
not more than four
times the web width, 4 b
w
.

T- versus Rectangular Sections

Compression zone
Tension
zone
Sec A-A Sec B-B

When T-shaped sections are subjected to negative moments, the flange
is located in the tension zone. Since concrete strength in tension is
usually neglected in ultimate strength design, the sections are treated as
rectangular sections of width b
w
and when sections are subjected to
positive moments, the flange is located in the compression zone and
the section is treated as a T-section.
Strength of T-Beam
eff c
y s
y s eff c
b ' f 0.85
f A
a T C m equilibriu From
f A T & b a ' f 0.85 C
= =
= =
Case 1: when a h
f
[Same as rectangular section]
Assume steel yields
1] Equilibrium

|
.
|
\
|
=
2
a
d f A M
y s n
004 . 0 003 . 0
c
c d
a
c
t
1
>
|
.
|
\
|

=
=
Case 1: when a h
f

2] Confirm

3] Calculate M
n

Strength of T-Beam
( )
( )
w c
f w c y s
w f
y s
w c w
f w c f
b f 0.85
h b b f 0.85 - f A
C C
f A T
a b f 0.85 C
h b b f 0.85 C
'

'
=
+ =
=
'
=

'
=
a
T
Case 2: when a > h
f
Assume steel yields
1] Equilibrium

From equilibrium of forces

Strength of T-Beam
004 . 0 003 . 0
c
c d
a
c
t
1
>
|
.
|
\
|

=
=
(
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
h
d C
2
a
d C M
f
f w n
Case 1: when a > h
f

2] Confirm

3] Calculate M
n

Strength of T-Beam
Minimum Reinforcement, A
s,min
'
=
d b
f
14.06
d b
f
f 8 . 0
of larger A
w
y
w
y
c
s(min)
b
w
d
h
f
A
s
b
eff
b
w
d
h
f
A
s
b
eff
+
v
e

M
o
m
e
n
t

-
v
e

M
o
m
e
n
t

>
'
'
=
d b
f
14.06
d b
f
f 0.8
d b
f
f 1.6
of smaller A
eff
y
eff
y
c
w
y
c
s(min)
Flange in compression

Flange in tension

Flange Reinforcement

Main Reinforcement
min (b
eff
& l/10)
Additional
Reinforcement
Additional
Reinforcement
-
v
e

m
o
m
e
n
t

when flanges of T-beams are in tension, part of the flexural
reinforcement shall be distributed over effective flange width, or a
width equal to one-tenth of the span, whichever is smaller

If b
eff
> l/10, some longitudinal reinforcement shall be provided in
outer portions of flange.

Analysis of T-Beam
' f 0.85
f A
A T C m equilibriu From
c
y s
= =
c
b
w
d
h
f
b
eff
A
f
1- Check A
s,used
>

A
s,min
2- Compute T = A
s
f
y
3- Determine the area of the concrete in compression (A
c
) stressed to
0.85f
c

If A
c
A
f
= b
eff
x h
f
[a < h
f
]
If A
c
> A
f
= b
eff
x h
f
[a > h
f
]
4- Calculate a, c, and check
t
(
t
0.004; <
max
)
5- Calculate M
n
.

Example 1
Example Problems
2
used s,
2
min s,
min s,
w
y
w
y
c
min s,
cm 42.41 (7.07) 6 A cm 5.08 A
60.7 25
4200
14.06
60.75 25
4200
280 0.8
A
d b
f
14.06
d b
f
' f 0.8
A
cm 60.75
2
2.5
3 1.0 4 70 d
= = < =
> =
> =
= =
25
630
10
150
7
0

1
0

Determine the ACI design moment strength M
d
(M
n
)of the T-beam
shown in figure if f
c
=280 kg/cm
2
and f
y
= 4200 kg/cm
2
.
Solution:-
1- Checking min. Steel Percentage

Example 1
Example Problems
25
630
10
150
7
0

1
0

ton 178.12
10
4200 42.41
f A T
3
y s
=
= =
cm 10 cm 0 . 5
35.7
178.12
a
T C forces of m equilibriu from
ton a 7 . 5 3
10
a 150 0.85(280)
b a ' 0.85f C
3
c
< = =
=
= = =
2- Compute T and a

assuming that a < h
f
= 10cm

i.e. assumption is right
Same as rectangular section

Example 1
Example Problems
25
630
St.10
150
7
0

1
0

t.m 93.38
2
5.0
60.75
10
178.12 0.9
2
a
d T M
0.9 0.005 0.028
0.003
5.88
5.88 60.75
0.003
c
c d
cm 5.88
0.85
5.0
a
c
2
d
t
t
1
=
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|
=
= > =
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|

=
= = =
3- Calculate M
n

Example 2
Example Problems
2
used s,
2
min s,
min s,
w
y
w
y
c
min s,
cm 34 . 4 6 (8.04) 8 A cm 6 . 6 A
55 . 65 0 3
4200
14.06
55 . 65 0 3
4200
250 0.8
A
d b
f
14.06
d b
f
' f 0.8
A
cm 55 . 65
2
2.5
3.2 1.0 4 75 d
= = < =
> =
> =
= =
30
832
10
7
5

1
0

90
Determine the ACI design moment strength M
d
(M
n
)of the T-beam
shown in figure if f
c
=250 kg/cm
2
and f
y
= 4200 kg/cm
2
.
Solution:-
1- Checking min. Steel Percentage

Example 2
Example Problems
ton 23 . 70 2
10
4200 34 . 4 6
f A T
3
y s
=
= =
cm 10 cm 13 . 14
19.13
270.23
a
T C forces of m equilibriu from
ton a 13 . 19
10
a 0 9 0.85(250)
b a ' 0.85f C
3
c
> = =
=
= = =
30
832
10
7
5

1
0

90
( )
a b f 0.85 C
h b b f 0.85 C
w c w
f w e c f
'
=

'
=
2- Compute T and a

assuming that a < h
f
= 10cm

i.e. assumption is wrong

Example 2
Example Problems
( )
cm a a
C
a
f
39 . 22 38 . 6 5 . 127 23 . 270
C T forces of m equilibriu from
ton 38 . 6
10
a 0 3 250 0.85
b a ' f 0.85 C
ton 127.5
10
10 30 90 250 0.85
h ) b (b ' f 0.85 C
w
3
w c w
3
f w e c f
= + =
+ =
=

= =
=

= =
855 . 0 ) 00447 . 0 ( 3 . 83 483 . 0
3 . 83 483 . 0 0.004 0.00447
0.003
26.34
34 . 6 2 55 . 65
0.003
c
c d
cm 34 . 6 2
0.85
22.39
a
c
t t
t
1
= + =
+ = > =
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|

=
= = =

3- Calculate and M
d

Example 2
Example Problems
m t
h
d C
a
d C
ton a C
f
f w
w
. 34 . 132
2
10
55 . 65 5 . 127
2
39 . 22
55 . 65 74 . 142
10
855 . 0
2 2
M
74 . 142 39 . 22 38 . 6 38 . 6
2
d
=
(
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
.
|
\
|
=
= = =
3- Calculate M
n

Design of T-Beam
b
w
d
h
f
A
s
b
eff
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
eff c
u
5
y
c
d b ' f 0.85
M 2(10)
1 1
f
' f 0.85
eff c
y s
b ' f 0.85
f A
a =
The design of a T-section involves the determination of 5 unknowns;
b
e
, h
f
, b
w
, h , and A
s
.
1- Establish h
f
based on flexural requirements of the slab.
2- Determine b
e
according to ACI limits.
3- Choose b
w
and d
4- Calculate A
s
assuming that a < h
f
with beam width = b
eff
& =0.90

A
s
= b
eff
d

5- If a < h
f
the assumption is right & if not revise A
s
using T-beam equations.
6- Check to ensure that
t
0.004 and
min
Example Problems
Example 1
Spandrel
beam
1
0
.
0

m

3.0 m

3.0 m

3.0 m

h
f
Slab
b
w
A floor system consists of a 14.0cm
concrete slab supported by continuous
T-beams with a 10m span, 3.0m on
centers. Web dimensions are b
w
=30cm
and d=55cm.
Use f
c
=280 kg/cm
2
and f
y
= 4200 kg/cm
2

Required
a] What tensile steel is required at midspan
to resist a service dead load moment 32t.m
and a service live load moment 25t.m.

b] What tensile steel is required at support
to resist a factored moment 50t.m

Example 1
Example Problems
30
55
14
A
s
200
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
eff c
u
5
y
c
d b ' f 0.85
M 2(10)
1 1
f
' f 0.85
5
5

30
A
s
1
4

200
7
8
.
4

t
.
m

b
eff
is the smallest of:
- l/4 = 800/4 = 200 cm
- b
w
+16(h
f
) = 30 +16 (14) = 254 cm
- Center-to-center-spacing of beams = 300 cm
b
eff
is taken as 200 cm, as shown in Figure
a] for positive moment
M
u
+ve = 1.2(32)+1.6(25)=78.4 t.m
Assuming that a<h
f
and =0.90 Rectangular section with b=b
eff

M
u
= 78.4t.m, b
eff
= 200cm, d=55cm
Example 1
Example Problems
2
2
5
93 . 38 55 200 00354 . 0
00354 . 0
5 5 00 2 80 2 0.85 9 . 0
4 . 8 7 10 2
1 1
4200
280 0.85
cm d b A
eff s
= = =
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
OK cm 39.27 A cm 5.52 A
55 30
4200
14.06
55 30
4200
280 0.8
A d b
f
14.06
d b
f
' f 0.8
A
14cm h cm 3.47
200 280 0.85
4200 39.27
b ' f 0.85
f A
a
2
used s,
2
min s,
min s, w
y
w
y
c
min s,
f
eff c
y s
= < =
> = > =
= < =

= =
30
55
14
A
s
200
7
8
.
4

t
.
m

Use 825mm (A
s,used
= 39.27 cm
2
) arranged in two layers.

The assumption is right

Example 1
Example Problems
OK 9 . 0 005 . 0 0374 . 0
0.003
4.08
08 . 4 55
0.003
c
c d
cm 08 . 4
0.85
3.47
a
c
t
1
= u >> =
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|

=
= = =
t.m 78.4 M t.m 79.07
2
3.47
55
10
4200 39.27 0.9
2
a
d f A M
u
5
y s d
= > =
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|
=
5
5

30
825
1
4

200
Check =0.9

Example 1
Example Problems
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
2
w c
u
5
y
c
d b ' f 0.85
M 2(10)
1 1
f
' f 0.85
30
55
A
s
5
0

t
.
m

2
2
5
35 . 28 55 30 0172 . 0
0172 . 0
5 5 30 80 2 0.85 9 . 0
50 10 2
1 1
4200
280 0.85
cm d b A
w s
= = =
=
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
b] for negative moment
M
u
-ve= 50 t.m
Rectangular section with b=b
w

M
u
= 50 t.m, b
w
= 30cm, d=55cm and assume that =0.9

Use 625mm (A
s,used
= 29.45 cm
2
) arranged in one layers.
Distribute the bars over a distance [min. (200, l/10=800/10=80)]=80cm

Example 1
Example Problems
5
5

30
1
4

200
80
A
s
Check A
s,used
> A
s,min
Flange in tension

OK
2
used s,
2
s(min)
2
2
s(min)
cm 29.45 A cm 10.52 A
cm 36.82 55 200
4200
14.06
55 200
4200
280 0.8
cm 10.52 55 30
4200
280 1.6
A
= < =
= >
=
s
Example 1
Example Problems
t.m 50 M t.m 6 . 1 5
2
17.33
5 5
10
4200 45 . 29 0.9
2
a
d f A M
] 004 . 0 [
0.9 0.005 0.0051
0.003
20.38
38 . 0 2 5 5
0.003
c
c d
cm 38 . 0 2
0.85
17.33
a
c
33 . 17
30 280 85 . 0
4200 45 . 29
b ' f 0.85
f A
a
u
5
y s d
max t
t
t
1
w c
y s
= > =
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|
=
< >
= > =
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
.
|
\
|

=
= = =
=

= =

used
m
5
5

30
1
4

200
80
A
s

Analysis and Design of T-Beam

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analysis and Design of T-Beam

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analysis and design of T-beam

You might also like