Irregular Beams

Irregular Beams
1. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown, f’c= 20 MPa, fy= 345 MPa.

h= 450 mm, d= 375 mm, Cc= 75 mm

3Ø22

Solution:

Assumptions: if steel yields, fs= fy; did not yield, fs= fs

π (22)2
As= x 3=1140 mm2
4
Assume tension yields, Σ F H =0 , C = T
0.85 f’c Ac = As fy
As fy
Ac=
0.85 f ' c

1140 ( 345 )
Ac= =23 135 mm2
0.85 ( 20 )
By similar triangles,
a 450 375 a
= ; x=
x 375 450

1 1 375 a
Ac = bh=
2 2 450( a )
a=230 mm
c=270.6 mm

Strain diagram,
fs
Es 0.003
= ; fs=231.5 MPa
104.4 270.6

f ' s< fy
Hence, Steel does not yield.
 d −c
f s=600 x
c
375 a
x= =0.83 x 0.85=0.708 c
450
Σ F H =0
d−c
0.85 f ' cAc= As x 600 x
c
d−c
0.85 f ' c ( 0.5 x 0.708 ) ρ1 c=As x 600 x
c
c=251mm

f’s= 296.4 MPa < 345 MPa, Hence, steel does not yield; a=213.35 mm

213.4 ( 2 )
M u=∅ M N =∅ Asfs=0.9 (1140 ) ( 296.4 ) 375− [ 3 ] =70.8 KN −m

2. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown in Figure shown. Assume fy= 345 MPa
and f’c = 21 MPa.

125 mm 125 mm

125H=
mm 650 mm
4- 32 mm
125 mm

75 mm

Solution:
Note: This is not a rectangular beam. The formulas discussed cannot be applied. The moment can be computed
using the assumptions in the Code and the conditions of equilibrium.

Π
A s= ( 32 )2 x 4=3217 mm2
4
Assuming steel yields,

Tension. T= Asfy
T= 3217(345) = 1, 109, 865 N

Compression, C= 0.85f’c Ac
C= 0.85 (21) Ac= 17.85 Ac
T=C, 1109865 = 17.85 Ac
Ac= 62, 177 mm2

Ac = 375a – 125(125) =62, 177; a = 208 mm

Check if steel yields:

a=β 1 c
a 208
c= = =245 mm
β 1 0.85
fs
200,000 0.003
=
380 245
fs=931 MPa . fy ( steel yields , OK )
Mu=0.9 ( 555 ,581 ) ( 408.5 ) +0.9 ( 2 x 278,906 ) ( 512.5 )=461.55 KN −m

3. The hallow beam shown in Figure shown is to carry a factored moment of 800 kN-m. Calculate the
required tension steel area. Calculate also the maximum steel area and the balanced moment capacity of the
section for singly reinforced condition in accordance to NSCP. Assume f’c = 28 MPa and fy= 345 MPa

125 m m

12 5 mm 125 m m 12 5 mm

Solution:
Out first task in this problem is the value of “a”. If this value is less than 150mm then it can be analyzed simply
as rectangular beam (since the tension concrete is totally ignored). If the value exceeds 150 mm, then it has to
be analyzed as a non-rectangular section.

Let us compute the moment capacity of the beam if a= 150 mm.

Compression on concrete, C= 0.85 f’c Ac
C= 0.85(28)(500 x 150)= 1,785, 000 N
150
M u=∅ C d− ( 2 )
; d=800−75=725 mm

150
M u=0.9 ( 1785000 ) 725− ( 2 )
=1 , 044,225 ,000 N −mm
Since the required Mu is only 800 KN-m, therefore a must be less than 150 mm. Then it can be analyzed as a
rectangular beam.

Assuming tension steel yields:

a a
( )
M u=∅ C d− =0.85 f ' cab d−
2 ( )2
a
80 x 10 6=0.85(28) a(500) 725− ( ) 2
2
0.5 a −725 a+74697=0
2
725 ± √ (−725 ) −4 ( 0.5 ) ( 74697 )
a= =112 mm<150 mm
2 ( 0.5 )
Check if steel yields:
a 112
c= = =1 32 mm
β 1 0.85
Tension in steel = compression in concrete
As fy =0.85 f ' cab

As ( 345 )=0.85 ( 28 ) ( 112 ) ( 500 )

As=3 , 863 mm2
Balanced steel area:
From the strain diagram shown:
c 725
= ; c=460 mm ; a=391 mm
0.003 0.004725
Area of compression concrete,
Ac =391 ( 500 )−250 ( 241 ) =135 ,250 mm2
Tension in steel = Compression in concrete
As fy =0.85 f ' c Ac
As(345)=0.85 (28)(135250)
As=9 ,330 mm2 −balanced steel area

MAXIMUM STEEL AREA, As max = 0.75 Asb = 0.75 (9330)= 6, 998 mm2
Balanced Moment Capacity:
M u=∅ C 1 ( 650 ) +∅ C 2 ( 454.5 )
¿ 0.9 ( 0.85 ) ( 28 ) (500 x 150 )( 650 )+20 ( 0.9 )( 0.85 ) ( 28 ) ( 120 x 241 )( 454.5 )
¿ 1607,319,958 N −mm
M ub=1 , 607.3 kN−m

4. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown, f’c= 20 MPa, fy= 345 MPa.

h= 450 mm, d= 375 mm, Cc= 75 mm

3Ø22

Solution:

Assumptions: if steel yields, fs= fy; did not yield, fs= fs

π (22)2
As= x 3=1141 mm2
4
Assume tension yields, Σ F H =0 , C = T
0.85 f’c Ac = As fy
As fy
Ac=
0.85 f ' c

1141 ( 345 )
Ac= =23 156 mm2
0.85 ( 20 )
By similar triangles,
a 450 375 a
= ; x=
x 375 450

1 1 375 a
Ac = bh=
2 (
2 450
a )
a=236 mm
c=277 .3 mm

Strain diagram,
fs
Es 0.003
= ; fs=231.5 MPa
104.4 270.6

f ' s< fy
Hence, Steel does not yield.
 d −c
f s=600 x
c
375 a
x= =0.83 x 0.85=0.708 c
450
Σ F H =0
d−c
0.85 f ' cAc= As x 600 x
c
d−c
0.85 f ' c ( 0.5 x 0.708 ) ρ1 c=As x 600 x
c
c=251mm

f’s= 296.4 MPa < 345 MPa, Hence, steel does not yield; a=213.35 mm

213.4 ( 2 )
M u=∅ M N =∅ Asfs=0.9 (1141 )( 296.4 ) 375− [ 3 ] =70.8 4 KN −m

5. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam shown in Figure shown. Assume fy= 414 MPa
and f’c = 21 MPa.

125 mm 125 mm

125H=
mm 650 mm
4- 32 mm
125 mm

75 mm

Solution:
Note: This is not a rectangular beam. The formulas discussed cannot be applied. The moment can be computed
using the assumptions in the Code and the conditions of equilibrium.

Π
A s= ( 32 )2 x 4=3217 mm2
4
Assuming steel yields,

Tension. T= Asfy
T= 3217(414) = 1, 331, 838 N

Compression, C= 0.85f’c Ac
C= 0.85 (21) Ac= 17.85 Ac
T=C, 1331838= 17.85 Ac
Ac= 74.612 mm2

Ac = 375a – 125(125) =74, 612; a = 240.632 mm

Check if steel yields:

a=β 1 c
a 240.632
c= = =283.1 mm
β1 0.85
fs
200,000 0.003
=
380 283.1
fs=864 MPa . fy ( steel yields ,OK )
Mu=0.9 ( 555 ,581 ) ( 408.5 ) +0.9 ( 2 x 278,906 ) ( 512.5 )=674.6 KN −m

6. The hallow beam shown in Figure shown is to carry a factored moment of 800 kN-m. Calculate the
required tension steel area. Calculate also the maximum steel area and the balanced moment capacity of the
section for singly reinforced condition in accordance to NSCP. Assume f’c = 28 MPa and fy= 415 MPa

125 m m

12 5 mm 125 m m
12 5 mm

Solution:
.
Let us compute the moment capacity of the beam if a= 150 mm.
Compression on concrete, C= 0.85 f’c Ac
C= 0.85(28)(500 x 150)= 1,785, 000 N
 150
M u=∅ C d− ( 2 )
; d=800−75=725 mm

150
M u=0.9 ( 1785000 ) 725− ( 2 )
=1 , 044,225 ,000 N −mm
Since the required Mu is only 800 KN-m, therefore a must be less than 150 mm. Then it can be analyzed as a
rectangular beam.

Assuming tension steel yields:

a a
( )
M u=∅ C d− =0.85 f ' cab d−
2 ( )2
a
80 x 10 6=0.85(28) a(500) 725− ( ) 2
2
0.5 a −725 a+74697=0
2
725 ± √ (−725 ) −4 ( 0.5 ) ( 74697 )
a= =112 mm<150 mm
2 ( 0.5 )
Check if steel yields:
a 112
c= = =132 mm
β 1 0.85
Tension in steel = compression in concrete
As fy =0.85 f ' cab

As ( 41 5 )=0.85 ( 28 ) ( 112 ) ( 500 )

As=3 , 212 mm2
Balanced steel area:
From the strain diagram shown:
c 725
= ; c=460 mm ; a=391 mm
0.003 0.004725
Area of compression concrete,
Ac =391 ( 500 )−250 ( 241 ) =135 ,250 mm2
Tension in steel = Compression in concrete
As fy =0.85 f ' c Ac
As(415)=0.85(28)(135250)
As=7756 mm 2−balanced steel area

MAXIMUM STEEL AREA, As max = 0.75 Asb = 0.75 (7756)= 5, 817 mm2
Balanced Moment Capacity:

M u=∅ C 1 ( 650 ) +∅ C 2 ( 454.5 )

¿ 0.9 ( 0.85 ) ( 28 ) (500 x 150 )( 650 )+20 ( 0.9 )( 0.85 ) ( 28 ) ( 120 x 241 )( 454.5 )
¿ 2,919,277,822 N −mm
M ub=2 , 919.3 kN−m
7. A symmetrical cross-section of a reinforced concrete shown has a value of f’c= 24.13 MPa, fy= 482.7
MPa, Es = 200, 000 MPa, which of the following gives the location of neutral axis from the top of the
beam for a balance condition.

375 mm
125 mm

d’=681.25 mm

125 mm

Solution:
fy
ε y = =482.7 /200,000
Es
ε y =0.0024
0.003 0.0024
=
c 681.25−c
c=377.77 mm

8. The beam has a cross section shown in the figure f’c = 20.7 MPa and fy= 414 MPa. Compute the
minimum steel area permitted by the NSCP specs.
750 mm

100 mm

H= 437.5 mm
Solution:
ρmin =1.4 /fy
1.4
ρmin = =0.00338
414.7

Asmin =ρmin bd
Asmin =0.00338 ( 125 ) (2 )( 437.5 )=369.2 mm2

9. A symmetrical cross-section of a reinforced concrete shown has a value of f’c= 24.13 MPa, fy= 482.7
MPa, Es = 200, 000 MPa, which of the following gives the location of neutral axis from the top of the
beam for a balance condition.

350 mm

125 mm

d’=640 mm

125 mm

Solution:
fy
ε y = =482.7 /200,000
Es
ε y =0.0024
0.003 0.0024
=
c 640−c
c=324.33 mm

10. The beam has a cross section shown in the figure f’c = 20.7 MPa and fy= 345 MPa. Compute the
minimum steel area permitted by the NSCP specs.
 550 mm

100 mm

H= 437.5 mm

Solution:
ρmin =1.4 /fy
1.4
ρmin = =0. 0041
345

Asmin =ρmin bd
Asmin =0.00 41 ( 125 ) ( 2 )( 437.5 )=448.4 mm2