FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT SHEET 1 – DESIGN OF RC BEAMS

NAME: AKEISIA EDWARDS

USI# :1023444
DATE: 04-12-2021
(a)
(i) Using γm = 1.15:
0.67fcu = 0.45fcu
γm
As per BS 8110:
Fcc = Ac x 0.45fcu

Ac = Area of Compression
= 0.9x x b

⸫ Fcc = [0.9x x b] [0.45fcu]

= 0.405xfcub

Calculating Fst:
Fst = 0.87fy (Area of Steel)
Fst = 0.87fyAs

Distance between compressive and tensile forces (z):

x
z=d – 0.9( )
2
z= d-0.45x

Ultimate Moment of Resistance (Mu):

Mu = Fccz
Mu = (0.405xfcub) (d-0.45x) ……………. (1)
To ensure section is under-reinforced BS 8110 limits neutral axis to 0.5d.
⸫ x = 0.5d

From (1)
Mu = [0.405 (0.5d) fcub] [d – 0.45(0.5d)]
Mu = [0.2025dfcub] [d – 0.225d]
Mu = [0.2025d fcub] [0.775d]
Mu = 0.0156fcubd2
(ii) M = Fstz
M = 0.87fyAsz
As = M
0.87fyz

(b)

Given information: M = 600 kNm

fcu = 25 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
b = 400 mm
d = 650 mm

Assume 25 mm bars

Ultimate Moment (Mu):

Mu = 0.156fcubd2
= 0.156 (25) (400) (650)2 x 106
= 659 kNm

Since Mu > M, design as singly reinforced beam.

K= M
fcubd2

= 600 x106
(25) (400) (650)2
= 0.142

K
√
z = d [0.5 + (0.25−
0.9
)]

0.142
= 650 [0.5 + (0.25−
= 650 [0.5 + 0.303]
√ 0.9
)

= 522 mm ≤ 0.95d (617.5mm) OK.

As = M
0.87fyz
= 600 x 106
0.87 (500) (522)
= 2642.4 mm2
From Table 3.10: Use 6 25mm Ø bars – 6H25 (As = 2950 mm2)

Given information: fcu = 30 N/mm2

fy = 500 N/mm2
fyv = 250 N/mm2
b = 350 mm
h = 450 mm (from diagram)
l = 6 m (from diagram)
Qk = 20 kN/m (from diagram)
Gk = 15 kN/m (from diagram)
Assume: 25mm tension bars, 16mm compression bars, 30mm cover and 12mm links.

Effective depth:
Assume Ø=25mm
Ø
d = h – cover – - links
2
25
= 450 – 30 - – 12
2
= 395.5mm

Design load:
w = 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk
=1.4 (15) + 1.6 (20)
= 53kN/m

Design Moment:
M = wl2 = (53) (6)2 = 238.5kNm
8 8
Ultimate Moment:
Mu = 0.156fcubd2
= 0.156 (30) (350) (395.5)2 x10-6
= 256.2kNm

Since Mu > M, design as singly reinforced beam.

K= M
fcubd2

= 238.5 x106
(30) (350) (395.5)2
= 0.14

K
√
z = d [0.5 + (0.25−
0.9
)]

0.14
= 650 [0.5 + (0.25−
= 650 [0.5 + 0.307]
√ 0.9
)

= 319.2 mm ≤ 0.95d (356mm) OK.

As = M
0.87fyz

= 238.5 x 106
0.87 (500) (319.2)
= 1718 mm2

From Table 3.10: Use 4 25mm Ø bars – 4H25 (As = 1960 mm2)

SHEAR
Design shear:
V = wl = (53) (6) = 159kN
2 8

Shear stress:
v= V = 159 x103 = 1.14N/mm2 < 0.8fcu (4.4 N/mm2)
bd (350) (395.5)

100As = 100 (1960) = 1.4; d < 400; vc = 0.68 (From Table 3.11)
 bd (350) (395.5)

Checks
v > vc = 1.14 > 0.68 (0.34) No shear reinforcement required.
2 2

v > vc + 0.4 1.14 > 0.68 + 0.4 (=1.08)

Design links using:

Asv = b(v-vc) = 350 (1.14 – 0.68) = 0.74
sv 0.87fyv 0.87 (250)

Max spacing of links:

sv = 0.75d = 0.75 (395.5) = 297mm

From Table 3.13  provide 12mm Ø links @ 275mm spacing

Deflection Check
Actual span/effective depth:
L 6000
= = 15.1
d 395.5

M = 238.5 x106 = 4.36

2
bd (350) (395.5)2

From table 3.16 for M = 4.36;

bd2
Modification Factor = 0.79

5 5 1716
fs = fy (As,req / As,prov) = (500) ( ) = 274 N/mm2
8 8 1960

L
From Table 3.14 = 20 for simply supported
d

L
⸫ Permissible = 0.79 (20) = 16
d

L 6000
Actual = = 15.1 OK.
d 395.5
Given information: fcu = 25 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
γ = 24 kN/m3
b = 300 mm
d = 550 mm (from diagram)
l = 6=8 m (from diagram)
Qk = 20 kN/m (from diagram)
Gk = 6 kN/m + self weight(from diagram)
Assume 25mm tension bars, 16mm compression bars, 12mm links and 30m cover.

Weight of concrete: (24) (0.55) (0.3) = 3.96kN/m’

Total dead load: Gk = 6 + 3.96 = 10kN/m

Design load:
w = 1.4 Gk + 1.6 Qk
=1.4 (10) + 1.6 (20)
= 46kN/m

Design Moment:
M = wl2 = (46) (8)2 = 368kNm
 8 8

Ultimate Moment:
Mu = 0.156fcubd2
= 0.156 (25) (300) (550)2
= 353.9kNm

Since M>Mu, design as doubly reinforced beam.

COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT
Assume Ø=16mm
Ø 16
d’ = cover + = 30 + = 38mm
2 2

d' 38
= = 0.07 ≤ 0.19 OK.
d 550

K'

K’ = 0.156
√
z = d [0.5 + (0.25−
0.9
)]

0.156
√
z = 550 [0.5 + (0.25−
= 550 [0.5 + 0.28]
0.9
)

= 429 mm ≤ 0.95d (522.5) OK.

x = d-z = 550 – 429 = 268.9m

0.45 0.45

d' 38
= = 0.14 ≤ 0.37 OK.
x 268.9

Area of Compression Steel

A’s = M - Mu = (368 – 353.9) x106 = 63mm2
0.87fy(d-d’) 0.87 (500) (550 – 38)

From Table 3.10: Use 1 16mm Ø bar – 1H16 (A’s = 201 mm2) for compression reinforcement

TENSION REINFORCEMENT
As = M + A’s
0.87fyz
 = 353.9 x106 + 63
0.87 (500) (429)

= 1896mm2

From Table 3.10: Use 4 25mm Ø bars – 4H25 (As = 1960 mm2)
SHEAR

Design shear:
V = wl = (46) (8) = 184kN
8 8

Shear stress:
v= V = 184 x103 = 1.12N/mm2 < 0.8fcu (4 N/mm2)
bd (300) (550)

100As = 100 (201) = 0.12; d < 400; vc = 0.36 (From Table 3.11)
bd (300) (550)

Checks
v > vc = 1.12 > 0.36 (=0.18) No shear reinforcement required.
2 2

v > vc + 0.4 1.12 > 0.36 + 0.4 (=0.76)

Design links using:

Assume fyv = 500 N/mm2
Asv = b(v-vc) = 300 (1.12 – 0.36) = 0.52
sv 0.87fyv 0.87 (500)

Max spacing of links:

sv = 0.75d = 0.75 (550) = 413mm

From Table 3.13  provide 12mm Ø links @ 300mm spacing

Deflection Check
Actual span/effective depth:
L 8000
= = 14.5
d 550

M = 368 = 4.06
2
bd (300) (550)2

From table 3.16 for M = 4.06;

 bd2
Modification Factor = 0.79

5 5 1896
fs = fy (As,req / As,prov) = (500) ( ) = 302 N/mm2
8 8 1960

L
From Table 3.14 = 20 for simply supported
d

L
⸫ Permissible = 0.79 (20) = 16
d

L 8000
Actual = = 14.5 OK.
d 550