GROUP 3

 Moh. Ridho Fauzan (2102315024)

 M. Faiz zaki (2102315001)
 Nurul Mawadah Al Walidaini (2102315023)

PHRASE
A. Definition of Phrase
Phrase can be defined as:
1) A phrase in English grammar is a group of two or more words working as
a significant unit within a sentence or clause. It is a linguistic unit that
contain in a level between a word and a clause. A express is regularly
made up of a head (or headword) which decides the syntactic nature of the
unit, and one or more discretionary modifiers. Expressions can moreover
contain other phrases inside them. [1]
2) Based on the Big Indonesian Word reference, a phrase is a combination of
two or more words that are non-predictive or not related to a predicate. A
phrase that contains more than a word as a rule has one main word that's
the most important one as far as meaning is concerned. A phrase isn't a
sentence since the condition of a sentence must have a predicate. A phrase
is shaped by two or more syntactic units which are its components in a
certain form and category as well as a certain arrange. [2]

B. Hierarchy of Word unit

It's important to note that a phrase does not contain a subject
completing an action, which would make it a clause instead. Phrases can
be added to sentences to make them more complex, and they can include a
single word that develops into a compound sentence. [3]
Here is the hierarchy of word units, include :

a) Word (e.g., shark)

(A word is the smallest meaningful unit.)

 b) Phrase (e.g., a seven-foot white shark)

(A phrase is a single piece of information made up of more than one word.

It will not contain a subject and a verb.)

c) Clause (e.g., When a seven-foot white shark arrived...)

(A clause is a single piece of information comprising two or more words

that include a subject and a verb.)

d) Sentence (e.g., A seven-foot white shark arrived.)

(A sentence conveys a complete idea. It must contain at least one clause. Note: A
clause that stands alone as a sentence is known as an independent clause.)

e) Complex Sentence (e.g., When a seven-foot white shark

arrived, the crew stopped fishing.)

(A complex sentence is an independent clause supported by at least one

other clause.)

f) Compound Sentence (e.g., A seven-foot white shark arrived,

and the crew stopped fishing.)

(A compound sentence is a sentence made up of at least two independent

clauses.)
 C. Function of Phrase

1. Determination
The determination of a phrase involves identifying which type of phrase it
is based on the grammatical function and the head word (the most important
word) within the phrase. Here are the main types of phrases and how to
determine them:

 Noun Phrases: These consist of a noun and all of its modifiers, which
can include adjectives, articles, participles, or possessive nouns and
pronouns. They can function as any noun in the sentence, whether as
subjects, objects, or subject complements. For example, in the sentence
"The girl with red hair clutched the bright copper key," "The girl with
red hair" and "the bright copper key" are noun phrases. [4]

 Verb Phrases: These consist only of the main verb and any auxiliary
verbs. They can include the main verb, a helping verb, or an adverb
that modifies the verb. For example, in the sentence "A ferocious-
looking dog was barking repeatedly at us while we were walking
yesterday," "was barking" and "were walking" are verb phrases. [4]

 Prepositional Phrases: These consist of a preposition, its object, and

any articles or modifiers. As a unit, prepositional phrases can be used
to modify nouns or verbs by acting like adjectives or adverbs. For
example, in the sentence "The princess with long golden hair was
trapped in a tower by a dragon," "with long golden hair" is a
prepositional phrase that modifies the noun "princess". [4]

2. Modifying Verbs and Adjectives

Phrases can modify verbs or adjectives, enhancing their meaning.

Ex :
“He ran in the morning.”
“The painting was incredibly beautiful.” [5]
3. Complementation

Phrases provide additional details, context, or description.

Ex :
Adjective Phrase: “The scenery is very beautiful.”
Adverbial Phrase: “He worked at the workshop from morning to
evening.”
Noun Phrase: “I borrowed my brother pen.” [5]

D. Type

1. Verb Phrases
A verb phrase is an annexation of two or more word that can
explain the other verb or can give new explanation. In this phrase, the verb
became the headword, [6]

Examples:
- He is writing a letter.
- He is fishing in the beach.
2. Noun Phrases
Noun phrases serve as the subject or object of a sentence. In
complex, Noun phrase is group of word (two or more words) which is
ended by a noun that becomes central idea. [6]

Examples:
- I give my brother an apple.
- The book on the table is yours.
3. Adjective Phrases
An adjective phrase is group of word which consists of two or
more words that
have an adjective as a headword. The adjective phrase give explain the
subject. [6]

Examples:
- She is more beautiful today.
- He is very smart in the class.
4. Adverb Phrases
An Adverbial phrases function as adverbs, providing information
about time, place, manner, or degree. [6]

Examples:
- My mother is cooking in the kitchen.
- My brother is swimming on the beach.

5.

Prepositional Phrases

Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition and its object. They

can function as adjectives or adverbs. In complex, prepositional phrase is
two or more words that are arranged in a combination word with that
preposition as a head word. [6]

Examples:
 The book on the desk is the one I want to buy.
 It annoys me when people sleep during prayers.
 QUIZ

1. Identify the type of adverb phrase in the following sentence: "Here is

where I was born.."
A. Adverb phrase of time
B. Adverb phrase of manner
C. Adverb phrase of place
D. Adverb phrase of frequency

Jawaban: C. Adverb phrase of place

Penjelasan: Adverb phrase "here" describes where he was born and modifies the
verb "born."

2. Following the sentence, indentify sentence with type of adverb phrase

“manner”
A. She arrived at the party much later than expected.
B. The bus arrived at the station early in the morning.
C. She sings in the shower every morning.
D. They drove through the city very cautiously.

Jawaban: D. They drove through the city very cautiously.

Penjelasan: Adverb phrase "very cautiously" describes how they drove, modifying
the verb "drove."

3. Following the sentence, indentify sentence with type of adverb phrase

“time”
A. She arrived at the party much later than expected.
B. The bus arrived at the station early in the morning.
C. She sings in the shower every morning.
D. They drove through the city very cautiously.

Jawaban:B. The bus arrived at the station early in the morning.

Penjelasan: Adverb phrase "early in the morning" indicates the time of the arrival
and modifies the verb "arrived."
 4. Identify the type of adverb phrase in the sentence: "She writes her
novels in the cozy library upstairs."
A. Adverb phrase of time
B. Adverb phrase of manner
C. Adverb phrase of place
D. Adverb phrase of frequency

Jawaban: C. Adverb phrase of place

Penjelasan: Adverb phrase "in the cozy library upstairs" describes where she
writes her novels and modifies the verb "writes."

5. What type of adverb phrase is present in the sentence: "He drives to

work quite slowly in heavy traffic"?
A. Adverb phrase of time
B. Adverb phrase of manner
C. Adverb phrase of place
D. Adverb phrase of frequency

Jawaban: D. Adverb phrase of frequency

Penjelasan: Adverb phrase "quite slowly" indicates the frequency of his driving
behavior in heavy traffic, modifying the verb "drives."

6. Which of the following sentences demonstrates the function of an

adjective phrase modifying a verb?
A. She sings beautifully.
B. The cat sleeps peacefully.
C. The flowers bloomed in the garden.
D. He ran around the track.

Jawaban: A. She sings beautifully.

Penjelasan: The adjective phrase "beautifully" modifies the verb "sings,"
specifying how she sings.
 7. In the sentence "The man in the black suit is the CEO of the company,"
what does the adjective phrase "in the black suit" modify?
A. The man
B. Is
C. The CEO
D. Of the company

Jawaban: A. The man

Penjelasan: The adjective phrase "in the black suit" provides additional
information about the man's appearance.

8. In the sentence "The children playing in the park are having fun," what
does the adjective phrase "playing in the park" modify?
A. The children
B. Are having fun
C. Playing
D. In the park

Jawaban: A. The children

Penjelasan: The adjective phrase "playing in the park" provides additional
information about the children's activity.

9. What does the adjective phrase "made of silk fabric" modify in the
sentence "She bought a dress made of silk fabric"?
A. She
B. Bought
C. A dress
D. Made

Jawaban: C. A dress
Penjelasan: The adjective phrase "made of silk fabric" provides additional
information about the dress, specifying its material.

10. Which of the following sentences contains an adjective phrase

modifying a noun?

A. She danced gracefully.

B. The house with the blue roof is beautiful.
C. He drove quickly to the store.
D. The bird sang melodiously.
Jawaban: B. The house with the blue roof is beautiful.
Penjelasan: Adjective phrase "with the blue roof" modifies the noun "house" by
providing additional information about its appearance.

11. Typhoon Manilyn, a super typhoon, is about to enter PAR by

Wednesday afternoon. What is the NOUN phrase used in this
sentence?

A. Typhoon Manilyn
B. A super typhoon
C. Is about to enter PAR
D. By wednesday afternoon
"Typhoon Manilyn" is the noun phrase because it consists of the noun "typhoon"
modified by the proper noun "Manilyn."

12. Which of these is not a feature of a noun phrase?

A. It is headed by a noun.
B. It has one or more words that modify the noun.
C. The head noun in a noun phrase has to be singular.
D. It has verb and noun phrase

Explanation: The headword ‘noun’ of a noun phrase has nothing to do with its
number; it can be both singular and plural.

13. Which of these is a noun phrase?

A. Inside a house
B. About the match
C. Have money
D. A house

Explanation: It has a headword ‘house’ and a premodifier ‘a’.

14. Which of these is a noun phrase?

A. A beautiful
B. A smart man
C. Some smart
D. Full of zeal

Explanation: It is a noun phrase having ‘man’ as the headword and ‘a’ and ‘smart’
its modifiers. The first two examples are incomplete noun phrases as they miss the
head of the noun phrase. The last one ‘full of zeal’ is an adjective phrase.
 15. Which of these is not a noun phrase?
A. The man who came for a job the day before yesterday
B. All day long
C. Some people from the industry
D. Unconditional love

Explanation: It is an adverb phrase. It does not function as a noun in a sentence.

16. Which of these is not a noun phrase?

A. Indian people
B. A couch potato
C. Hit the hay
D. A blessing in disguise

Explanation: It is a phrase headed by a verb, which means ‘to sleep’. It functions

as a predicate in a sentence. EX – You hit the hay now.

17. "I am going to give all of you another chance." Select the noun
phrase in the sentence.
A. Am going
B. To give all of you
C. Another chance
D. All of you

Explanation: ‘Another’ is a determiner and ‘chance’ is the headword (noun).

18. To make everyone happy, we have decided to give everyone an

extra holiday next month." Select the noun phrase in the sentence.
A. An extra holiday
B. To make everyone happy
C. Everyone happy
D. Next month
Explanation: It is a noun phrase headed by the noun ‘holiday‘, and ‘an‘ and
‘extra‘ are its modifiers. It functions as the direct object of the verb ‘give’.
 19. "My goal in life is very simple." Does the sentence have a noun
phrase in it?
A. Yes
B. No.
Explanation: ‘My goal in life’ is a noun phrase, working as the subject of the
sentence. Here, ‘goal’ is the headword (noun) and other words are simply
modifying it.
My = premodifier (possessive adjective)
In life = postmodifier (prepositional phrase)

20. What is a phrase in English?

A. It has a group of words
B. It is an essential part of a sentence
C. It works as a noun
D. It is a group of words that has does not have the subject-verb complement

Explanation: A group of words (more than one) that does not have both the
subject and its verb or verb phrase is called a phrase in English. It may have one
of the two things though.

21. Which of these is a phrase?

A. Come here
B. Don't question me
C. My life
D. If you

Explanation: It is a noun phrase. Every phrase in English has a function to

perform in a sentence. If it does not work as a noun, adjective, adverb, verb,
conjunction, interjection, or preposition, it is usually not a phrase. It can be a part
of a phrase or a clause, but not a phrase.
 22. Which of these is not a verb phrase?

A. To help you

B. Has been

C. Have known

D. May be sleeping

Explanation: It is an infinitive phrase. An infinitive phrase works as a noun,

adjective, or adverb. A verb phrase is a combination of an auxiliary verb and a
main verb.

23. "The meeting will happen at the same time in room number 5." How
many phrases does the sentence have?
A. 1
B. 0
C. 4
D. 3

24. Which of these sentences has an adjective phrase in it?

A. You talked very rudely to us.
B. You look very sad.
C. I work at factory from 7 to 5 pm
D. These scenery in very beautiful

25. Which of these sentences has an adverb phrase in it?

A. The food you cooked yesterday was very tasty.

B. Jon runs very fast.
C. He is surprisingly tired
D. Im strong.

Explanation: ‘Very fast’ is an adverb phrase in the sentence. It has a head adverb
‘fast’ and its modifier ‘very’.
 26. Which of these sentences has a verb phrase in it?

A. I often make a mistake.

B. Ridho was tired.
C. Do we have something to eat?
D. Adun strong human

Explanation: The verb phrase in the sentence is ‘do have’. The other sentences
have main verbs in them, not verb phrases. The first sentence has ‘make’ as the
main verb, and the second has ‘was’ as the main verb.

27. Which of these is not true about a verb phrase?

A. It is formed using an auxiliary verb and a main verb.

B. The auxiliary verb could be primary (be, do, have) or modal (can, may
might...).
C. A verb phrase can refer to the voice of the sentence: active or passive.

D. A verb phrase can come at the beginning of a sentence, meaning we can

start a sentence with it.

28. Which of these is not a function of phrase?

A. Determination
B. Modifying Verb and Adjective
C. Complementation
D. Clause

29. Which of these is not a function of prepositional phrase?

A. As a post modifier a Noun
B. Modifier a Verb
C. Modifier Noun Phrase
D. As Determiner
 30. Which one the sentence of prepositional phrase
A. I kept it under the bed
B. I am writing
C. He sing very bad
D. Im strongest
Explanation : “Under the bed" is a prepositional phrase modifying the verb, kept.
 Bibliography

[1] R. Nordquist, Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms.

[2] S. P. L. G. N. D. B. H. Rahmawati, AN ANALYSIS PHRASE STRUCTURE
RULES IN ANNETH SONG LYRIC, 2022.
[3] writingexplained.org, What is a Phrase? Definition, Examples of English
Phrases.
[4] T. A. Team, Identifying Phrases: Definition, Examples, & Exercises, 2022 .
[5] R. QUIRK, A COMPREHENSIVE GRAMMAR OF THE ENGLISH
LANGUANGE., NEW YORK: LONGMAN, 1985..
[6] D. SUDRAJAT, AN ANALYSIS ON NOUN PHRASES IN READING
TEXTS OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR ELEVENTH GRADE
STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL. vol. 3, KUTAI
KERTANEGARA,: JURNAL INTELEGENSIA, 2018.
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