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محاضرة 9
محاضرة 9
Lecturer 9
Oral Consequences of Compromised Nutritional
Well-Being
Developmental defects may be broadly classified into opacities (fluorosis or white or yellow
areas of opaque enamel) that are caused largely by excess fluoride ingestion, or
‘‘hypoplasia,’’ a term that describes surface defects of enamel There are many causes of
enamel developmental defects including congenital defects, effects of drugs, trauma,
infection, and metabolic disturbances compromised nutritional status is just one cause.
Protein Energy Malnutrition and Enamel Developmental Defects
In one of the few studies carried out on human adults where a low energy (300
kcal/d) liquid diet was given for 7 days, a reduction in stimulated salivary secretion
rate, phosphate, and calcium ion concentrations were found This observation
occurred even when controlled for the absence of chewing. In a previous study by
the same investigators, a significant decrease in secretion rate, phosphate, and sialic
acid concentration of stimulated whole saliva was observed.
Compromised Nutritional Well-Being and Disorders of the
Oral Mucosa
Nutritional deficiencies have a profound effect on the integrity of the oral
cavity. Malnutrition can contribute to atrophy of the oral mucosa and the
thinning, inflammation, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, and the loss of
filiform papillae on the lingual mucosa, resulting in glossitis (inflammation
of the tongue).
Nutritional deficiencies also cause atrophy, inflammation, and fissures to
the labial mucosa of the lips, and a common feature of compromised
nutritional well-being is angular cheilitis
(sores at the corners of the mouth), largely because of the high turnover of
cells in the labial
commissures.