Introduction to

Volcanoes
Volcanoes are openings or ruptures in the earth's crust, often in the form of a
mountain, from which hot molten rock, ash, and gases escape to the surface.
They can be incredibly destructive but also play a crucial role in the Earth's
geological processes.
Characteristics of an Active Volcano

Cone Shaped Volcanic Lightning When magma Creates

touches the Earth's earthquakes and
surface it's called tsunamis
lava. When the lava
cools, it forms rock.

Emits lava, ashes,

smokes, and gases
Types of Volcanoes
Shield Volcanoes Stratovolcanoes

-a type of volcano named for its low profile, - a conical volcano built up by many layers of
resembling a shield lying on the ground. hardened lava.

Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mt. Mayon in Bicol, Phillipines

Mt. Olympus on planet Mars

Mt. Fuji in Japan
Volcanic Eruptions and their Causes

1 Causes of Eruptions 2 Effects of Eruptions

It is so hot deep within the earth that some Eruptions lead to the release of ash, toxic
rocks slowly melt and turn into a thick flowing gases, and debris, and can have significant
matter known as magma. Since it is lighter impacts on air quality, agricultural land, and
than solid rock, the magma rises and collects human health.
in magma chambers. Eventually, some magma
pushes through and vents on the earthʼs
surface.

3 Environmental Impact
Volcanoes play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and landscapes, influencing soil fertility and creating
new landforms, while also posing risks to nearby residents and wildlife.