Questions:

1. Name some commercially available products similar to this preparation.

 Alka-seltzer
 Maalox
 Mylanta
 Tums
 Rolaids
(REFERENCE:anangpuria.com)

2. What are powders?

Powders are fine dry particles by the grinding , crushing or disintegration of a solid substance.

(REFERENCE:Google.com)

3. What are the desirable properties of powders?

 When intended for topical applications, powders should be finely divided and have uniform
particle size so as to be smooth to the touch and non-irritating to the skin. They should be free-
flowing and should spread easily on the surface of the skin.
 Powders for internal use should also be finely divided with uniform particle size because the rate
of dissolution, and therefore often the bioavailability of the drug, depends on the particle size of
the drug.
 Even when powder is being used as an ingredient for another dosage forms, particle size is
important. Not only, does it affect the rate of dissolution and bioavailability in these preparations,
but it also can affect the rate of settling (in suspension) and the degree of comfort (in topical
suspensions, ointments and creams)
 For bulk powders, it is important for the particle size to be uniform, because particles of different
sizes tend to stratify on standing or when a powder is being transported. Stratification can result
in inaccurate dosing.
 Particle size for most pharmaceutical powders is determined by sieving, and the descriptive terms
used to classify powders have meaning in terms of percent of the powders sample that will pass
through a sieve of a given fineness.

(REFERENCE: Ingkling,com)

4. What are the excipients present in powders?

 Diluents (e.g lactose, microcrystalline cellulose)

 Disintegrants (e,g sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium)
 Binders (e.g PVP, HPMC)
 Lubricants (e.g magnesium stearate)
 Glidants (e,g colloidal SiO2)

(REFERENCE: apps.who.int)
5. What is the standard particle size of a powder?

SIEVE SIZE SIEVE U.S NO.

4.00 mm 5

2.00 mm 10

1.00 mm 14

850 µm 18

710 µm 20

600 µm 25

500 µm 30

(REFERENCE:Ingkling.com)