Technical Writing Part2

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1. COMPANY PROFILE
The company was incorporated as Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals on December 6,
1994 in Antipolo City, Philippines. They are a currently leading Filipino pharmaceutical
company in the discovery, research, production and manufacture of high quality
medicinal products globally. They are fast emerging all over the world and they aim to
strengthen their company by developing affordable but efficient products. Their core
strength as a pharmaceutical company is to satisfy the needs of their consumers’ base on
giving them the most possible quality health care. They are ranked as the 5 th largest
pharmaceutical company in the Philippines in terms of research and discovery. They
believe that their competitive advantage as a pharmaceutical company can provide the
most outstanding product for the treatment, procurement, and prevention of diseases.
Their institution’s engagement in the discovery, research and production of
medicinal products lead to their fast evolving and emerging family. Also, their advantage
in terms of research and discovery helped them to be known for giving products that are
of good quality. Consumer health is the most important thing for their company. Through
this vision it became the most trusted pharmaceutical company in giving affordable but
outstanding products. Their company’s involvement in giving quality health care made
them on top and non-stop shipment locally and globally of their products is a proof on
how they are giving their best for their consumers.
Their ability in giving efficient products is by having complete manufacturing
equipments and by having complete management and supervision of these technologies.
They are currently using advanced and up to date technologies that are a great help in
producing quality pharmaceutical products. Delayed shipments or distributions and

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returned medicines are not a problem for them. Their company supports and provides
adequate facilities and environment for the production of their products. Problems in the
manufacture and distribution of their products in the market are not such to arise in their
company. They have efficient number of employees that are performing their duties base
from their knowledgeable learning and training. They are not only helping their company
and consumers but also their employees. For them the company is not going to be
successful if not because of their qualified and competent employees.
In years of business, their company is rapidly evolving and known for most
countries now. Their sales went high on 2005 and since then it is still getting higher.
Their company aims to develop more and give more for their consumers. Their trust for
them became their inspiration in developing, creating and producing products of best and
efficient quality.
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1.1 Vision
The medical Institution Decagalafra pharmaceuticals is a qualified, competitive, and
reliable source of the most efficient drugs, providing the patient with the most
outstanding effect for the treatment, procurement, and prevention of diseases.
1.2 Mission
To improve and to innovate continuously the quality of individual drug product that will
satisfy the needs of consumers and will provide the most possible quality health care. It
aims to deliver the most possible quality health care.

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2. SITE AND FLOOR PLAN
2.1 Tentative Location and Perspective View
Figure 2.1.1 Tentative Location of Plant
Address: KM 23 Sumulong highway Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Philippines.
Area: 30,000 sq.m
Cost of the Plant: Php. 550,000, 000

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Figure 2.1.2 Perspective View of Plant
2.2 Floor Plan

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Figure 2.2.1 Floor Plan of Plant

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2.3 Traffic Flow of Raw Materials and Personnel
Figure 2.3.1 Traffic Flow of Raw Materials

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Figure 2.3.2 Traffic Flow of Personnel

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3. WORK PLAN
3.1 Work Process
3.1.1 Flow Chart of the Procedure
Weigh 15 g of paraffin wax and 0.01g of Dyes
Dissolve the hard paraffin wax on a steam bath
While heating, add 1 ml of Citronella oil
In a desired container, place the previously made

colored paraffin wax
Pour the melted wax into the container with the

nickel base and candle wicks
Set aside and cool to solidify

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Figure 3.1.1.1 Flow Chart of the Procedure

3.1.2 Flow Chart/Schematic Flow of the Materials
Paraffin wax
Citronella oil, Eucalyptus oil

and Lemon oil
Colored candles
Nickel base
Wicks
Container
Figure 3.1.2.1 Flow Chart of the Raw Materials

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3.2 Personnel Qualifications
Company personnel should have an ability to work with others, ability to focus a
task at hand and ability to think logically. He/she should have a self-confidence and
should be disciplined enough to follow the rules and regulations of the company.
He/she should also have a willingness to accept responsibility appointed to his or her.
A good oral and written communication skill is a major factor for a qualification of
personnel because in here coping with other personnel and how he/she work inside
the company is based.
4. PRODUCT
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Statement of the Problem
For the goal of eradicating the negative factors that affect the health of the
mankind, Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals contribute to the health of the community.
Malaria and dengue fever are some of the leading causes of death in the Philippines.
Tropical countries like the Philippines are prone to these kinds of diseases because of
its said climate.
4.1.2 Statement of Purpose or Objectives
The purpose of the product developed by Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals is to
provide safe, effective and low cost product that anyone can afford. A product that is
effective enough to repel mosquitoes.
4.1.3 Scope and Limitation

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The product is made more efficient by the addition of special pharmaceutically
effective active ingredients that is considered to be effective to some indicative
ailments that can soothe nasal passage and give a soothing effect to the mind by its
fragrance. The limitation of the product is that the small area that its effect can give.
But the company ensures that the best effect is given by the product.
4.2. Overview
4.2.1 Description
Citroffin candles are made from three natural essential oils: citronella oil,
eucalyptus oil and lemon oil. Thus, it does not only repel mosquitoes but it also has a
soothing and relaxing effect because of the combined effects of the oils.
4.2.2 Significance/Advantage
Citroffin candles are safe, easy and effective to use. It can ward off mosquitoes
and can give a soothing and relaxing effect and can be used as a fragrant best suited at
homes. It can also be a fashionable statement at home because of the different designs
of the candles. Side effects are not a problem because the active ingredients used in
producing the product are safe as long as it is not ingested.
4.2.3 Methods for Preparation
Candles are easy to prepare and use and that is why many types of candles are in
the market today. The preparation made by the company in making their product is as
follows:
1. Prepare the raw materials needed in making the candle. ( Paraffin wax,
Citronella oil, Lemon oil, Eucalyptus oil, Candle wicks, Dyes, Nickel
base, Container)
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2. Melt the paraffin wax in a double boiler.
3. While heating, add the Citronella oil in the wax.
4. In a desired container, place the previously colored paraffin wax.
5. Pour the melted paraffin wax with the oil in the container with the
nickel base and candle wicks.
6. Set aside and cool to solidify.
4.2.4 Precaution
Citroffin candles are safe products but unless they are not used safely, it
can lead to accidental fire. Keep the burning candles away from furniture, drapes,
bedding, carpets, books, paper, flammable decorations, etc. Keep the candles out
of reach of children and pets.
4.3 Technical/General Description and Information
4.3.1 Raw Materials
 Hard Paraffin Wax
Paraffin Wax is a natural product derived from the molecular components of
decayed vegetable and animal material. Paraffin waxes are characterized by a clearly
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defined crystal structure and have the tendency to be hard and brittle. Paraffin wax
consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with the following general properties.
 Non-reactive
 Non-toxic
 Good water barrier
 Clean-burning fuel
 Colorless
Paraffin wax is very important in candle making because it is one of the most
versatile and most common wax used today.
 Dyes
The outstanding characteristics of the basic dyes are brilliance and intensity of
their colors. The bright colors achieved from basic dyes do not usually occur with other
dye classes. Many of the basic dyes are sparingly soluble in water. Color is a very
important element to the candle maker. The larger the batch, the easier it is to measure
dye accurately.
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 Citronella oil
Citronella oil is a volatile oil which is distilled using steam from the greenish
blue, lemon-scented leaves and stem of the plant Cymbopogonnardus (Ceylon citronella)
or Cymbopogonwinteratus (Java type citronella) and the main constituents being
citronellal and geraniol.
Citronella oil is a colourless or light yellow liquid with a characteristic woody,
grassy or lemony odour. It is important as insect repellant because Citronella oil repels
insects such as mosquitoes, black flies, fleas and ticks, therefore, preventing its bites. It is
used on humans and their clothing – in the form of oil, liquid and patch. Citronella oil is a
natural, non-toxic alternative to chemical insect repellents such as DEET, therefore, is
usually the preferred choice.
 Lemon oil
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Lemon oil has a sharp, fresh smell, is pale greenish-yellow in color and is
watery in viscosity. The shelf life of lemon oil is only 8-10 months, if it is to be used in
aromatherapy, but can still be used in fragrance therapies after this time, such as vapor
therapy. Lemon oil soothes and relieves headaches and migraines.
 Eucalyptus oil
Colorless to pale yellow liquid, it has a camphoraceous odor and it has pungent,
spicy, cooling taste. Insoluble in water, Soluble 1 in 5 of alcohol 70%, Miscible with
alcohol (90%), dehydratedalcohol, oils, fats and paraffin, miscible with ether,
chloroform, glacialacetic acid. Eucalyptus oil has been used for inhalation as a
decongestant often in combination with other volatile substances. One very important
reason that many people use Eucalyptol oil is that it creates a cooling and refreshing
effect.
 Candle wicks
A candle wick works by capillary
action, drawing ("wicking") the melted wax

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or fuel up to the flame. When the liquid fuel reaches the flame,
it vaporizes and combusts. The candle wick influences how the candle burns. Important
characteristics of the wick include diameter, stiffness, fire-resistance, and tethering.
 Container
You will need to purchase containers if you plan on making poured candles.
Depending on the type of candles you make, you may need to purchase votive holders,
tea light cups, vases, bowls or any of a wide variety of containers that can be used for
candle making. Remember that you may pour candles into any type of container that is
fire-safe.
 Nickel base
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It ensures the wick will be centered in the candle. This reduces the leakage
which can occur when using other sealing techniques.
4.3.2 Machines and Equipments
Analytical Balance
Min. Order: 1 Set FOB
Price: US $500-1000/ Set
200 g Electronic Analytical Balance (0.0001g)
Capacity: 250g
Accuracy: 0.1mg
Type: Laboratory Balance
Easily operate analytical balance with color coded keypad and backlit LCD display which
comes with:
 Internal motorized calibration
 Spacious, easy-to-clean weighing chamber with side and top access
 All metal, chemical resistant construction

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SYH series 3-D Motion Mixer Equipment
Min. order: 1 Unit FOB
Price: US $5000-11000/ Unit
3-D Motion Mixer equipment
(1) It is used for the high uniformity mixing of powder, granular materials in the
industries such as pharmacy, chemical, food, light industry, electron, machine, mining
and metallurgy, and research units,
(2) The mixing tube is moved with multi-direction. Materials are out of centrifugal force
and no gravity segregation and accumulation. Each component can be of intervallic
weight ratio and the mixing ratio could be above 99.9%. So, it is the more ideal mixer.
(3) The loading capacity of tube is large which could be largest 80% (ordinary mixer
only be 40%). It features short mixing time and high efficiency.
(4) All parts in the tube is circular arc with precision polishing.
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Mixing Equipment with Conical bottom and top (CE certificate)
Min. Order: 1 Unit FOB
1. ss304 or ss316
2. 50L~10,000L
3. paddle with Siemens motor
4. conical for drain
Adhesive Double Planet Mixer, Planetary Mixing Equipment

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1. used in high-viscosity coatings
2. fine workmanship
3. high efficiency
4. high viscosity materials
5. no pollution
EYH Series Two Dimensional Mixer/Lab Mixing Equipment
Min. Order: 40 Sets FOB
2-Dimensional Mixing equipment
1. cylinder-shape two dimensional mixing equipment
2. GMP/CE steel mixing equipment

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Fenix Process Technologies Distillation Equipments
Price: US $15000/ Unit
Total solutions are provided for:
• Azeotropic Distillation
• Batch / Continuous Distillation
• Extractive Distillation
• Laboratory Distillation
• Reactive Distillation
• Pressure Swing Distillation
4.4 Packaging Materials
4.4.1 Layout for the Primary Package
Figure 4.4.1.1 Primary Package of Citroffin

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4.4.2 Layout for the Secondary Package
Figure
4.4.2.1
Secondary Package of Citroffin
4.5 Finished Product
Figure 4.5.1 Citroffin finished product

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5. RESEARCH AND VALIDATION
5.1 Progress Report
ORIGINAL FORMULA:
RAW MATERIALS AMOUNT USES
Paraffin wax 1 pound Medium
Scent oil 1 ounce per pound of wax Active ingredient
Color Desired amount Colorants
Table 5.1.1 Original formula of the product
OBSERVATION:
The formulators conduct their research and gathered information about paraffin
wax and scent oils including the history, background, amount and the uses of the raw
materials. They also researched about the incompatibilities and proper storage of each
substance and the way it should be properly handled. Based on the original formula, they
asked if there are any stocks of the said raw materials. If none, they could actually look
for alternatives that will be compatible with the materials without causing any problems
in the experiment.
QUALITY CONTROL TEST:
QC test of the product is not yet performed.
MODIFIED MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare the raw materials needed in making the candle. ( Paraffin wax, Citronella
oil, Lemon oil, Eucalyptus oil, Candle wicks, Dyes, Nickel base, Container)
2. Melt the paraffin wax in a double boiler.
3. While heating, add the Citronella oil in the wax.

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4. In a desired container, place the previously colored paraffin wax.
5. Pour the melted paraffin wax with the oil in the container with the nickel base and
candle wicks.
6. Set aside and cool to solidify.
DOCUMENTATION OF THE PROCESS:
FIRST TRIAL
Paraffin wax 100 g Medium
Scent oil (Lemon oil and 15-20 drops per 100 g of

Active ingredient
Citronella oil) wax
Color (blue, red and green) Desired amount Colorants
Table 5.1.2 Modified formula for first trial
Figure 5.1.1 Product’s First Trial
The formulators start by weighing the amounts needed for the experiment then
melt the paraffin wax at 50-55 degree Celsius in a double boiler. Then they add Citronella
oil in the wax while heating and added 15-20 drops. In a separate boiler, they melted a
paraffin wax then they added dyes and lemon oil into it and they waited until it solidifies.
Upon solidifying they cut it into desired shapes for aesthetic appeal. They pour the
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previously melted wax in a desired container with the colored wax, nickel base and
candle wicks in it. They set it aside to cool and solidify.
The quality control observed for the stability of each of the raw materials assuring
their compatibilities with each other.
SECOND TRIAL
Paraffin wax 150 g Medium
Scent oil (Lemon oil,

30-50 drops per 150 grams
Citronella oil and Active ingredient
of wax
Eucalyptus oil)
Color (blue, red, green and

Desired amount Colorants
yellow)
Table 5.1.3 Modified formula for second trial
Figure 5.1.2 Product’s Second Trial
melted the paraffin wax at 50-55 degree Celsius in a double boiler. Then they added
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Citronella oil in the wax while heating and added 30 drops that can exhibit a strong odor
effect. In a separate boiler, they melted a paraffin wax then they added dyes and Lemon
oil and Eucalyptus oil into it and they waited for it to solidify. Upon solidifying they cut
it into desired shapes for aesthetic appeal. They pour the previously melted wax in a
desired container with the colored wax, nickel base and candle wicks in it. They set it
aside to cool and solidify.
OBSERVATION/ COMMENTS:
The company decided to put Eucalyptus oil to exhibit a soothing effect and
they also managed to enhance the appearance of the product.
When the finished product is being lit there is something in the effect that
the company has to change. They change the amounts of the essential oils to be
compatible with the odor of each of the oil. The candle can last up to 5-6 hours.
THIRD TRIAL
Paraffin wax 195.24 g Medium
40-60 drops per 195.24 g of

Scent oil Active ingredient
wax
Color (blue, red, green,

Desired amount Colorants
yellow and orange)
Table 5.1.4 Modified formula for third
trial
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Figure 5.1.3 Product’s Third Trial
melt the paraffin wax at 50-55 degree Celsius in a double boiler. Then they added 40-60
drops of Citronella oil in the wax while heating that can exhibit a strong odor effect. In a
separate boiler, they melted a paraffin wax then they added dyes and Lemon oil and
Eucalyptus oil into it and they waited for it to solidify. Upon solidifying they cut it into
desired shapes for aesthetic appeal. They pour the previously melted wax in a desired
container with the colored wax, nickel base and candle wicks in it. They set it aside to
cool and solidify.
OBSERVATION/ COMMENTS:
The company just needs to enhance more the appearance of the product.
The effects are well exhibited with the use of the 3 essential oils.
The quality control did an area test in which they need to measure the exact area
wherein it can exhibit its activity or effect.
5.2 Performed Test
TEST STANDARD RESULT REMARKS
Wick posture Wick shows Requirements met The wick protrudes
curvature straight out of the
Wick curvature candle and is

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supposed to bend
evenly up to the
outer edge of the
flame when burning,
deviates significantly where the flame
temperature is the
highest, so that the
complete, gradual
burning of the wick
tip takes place there.
The wick has a
Cup rim prevents medium curvature

Requirements met
run-off while the candle is
burning so that the

Dripping resistance
flame burns without
Molten burning mass Requirements not visible release of
runs down the candle met soot and does not
drip.
Soothing behavior / No visible release of Burning with no

Requirements met
afterglow soot release of soot at all
Candle soot visibly Requirements not is not possible for
met physicochemical
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Average afterglow
Requirements met
max. 15 seconds
Average afterglow Requirements not
exceeds 15 seconds met
Average afterglow reasons, especially
max. 20 seconds Requirements met in the lighting phase
Average afterglow Requirements not and directly after the
exceeds 20 seconds met flame has expired.
Dimensions adhered A maximum minus

Requirements met
to on average tolerance of 2 % but
Dimensions not at least 1 mm is

Requirements not
adhered to on admissible for
met
Compliance with average diameter and length.
dimensions and Burning time When declaring a
burning time achieved on Requirements met burning time like
average “approx.” or “±”, a
maximum minus
Burning time not Requirements not
tolerance of 10 % is
achieved on average met
admissible.
Table 5.2.1 Performed quality control test for the product
1. WICK POSTURE
The wick has got to be positioned in the centre. Exception: Candles with more
than one wick. When viewed with the naked eye and without technical aids, the
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candle surface has got to be free of bubbles, cracks, chips and damage. Exceptions are
only admissible if these features are an integral part of the decoration. The candle
needs to have the required color shade and intensity and has to meet any candle
dimensions shown on the packaging
2. DRIPPING RESISTANCE
Dripping is to be understood as burning mass running out of the burning bowl
of the candle. The candle is drip fast when this is prevented by the cup rim. In case of
candles with a maximum diameter of 30 mm, slight wax run-off is tolerable if the
following applies: When re-lighting the candle, the wick can only reach its full
suction and capillary effect after a few minutes. Consequently, this phase may
temporarily involve several drops of wax running off. This phenomenon should not
be evaluated as insufficient dripping resistance. The assessment of the dripping
resistance is performed visually.
3. SOOTHING BEHAVIOUR/AFTERGLOW
Burning with no release of soot at all is not possible for physicochemical
reasons, especially in the lighting phase and directly after the flame has expired. The
soot release has to be minimized however, especially by optimally balancing candle
material and wick so that the candle emits only very small amounts of soot.
4. COMPLIANCE WITH DIMENSION AND BURNING TIME
These characteristics are only relevant if expressly stated in the marketing of
the candle type. The burning time is defined as the sum of all burning periods from
the first ignition until self-extinction. After self-extinction at the end of the entire
burning, the average burning mass remainder of lights with a cylindrical shape and a
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maximum inner diameter of 70 mm are allowed to come to a maximum of 2 g or 12
% of the initial burning mass – whichever value is higher.
5.3 Evaluation Procedure
 Submitting weekly reports for the improvement of the
products.
 Conducting a random interview with the clients.
 Giving questionnaire to random people for assessments of
innovating the product.
 Admitting the limitations of the product as well as its
drawbacks and defects and giving replacements, exceptions and
recommendations
6. BUDGET/COST ANALYSIS/FEASIBILITY
6.1 Budget and Cost Analysis
Raw Material Amount per candle Cost
Paraffin wax 195.24 g Php 48.80
Citronella oil 3 ml Php 3.53
Eucalyptus oil 2 ml Php 3.53
Lemon oil 3 ml Php 2.39
Dyes 2.1 g Php 3.38
Nickel base 1 Php 0.50
Wicks 4 inches Php 0.50
Total amount Per candle Php 62. 53
Table 6.2.5.1 Total cost of raw materials

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Assumed marketing cost per candle
Cost
Raw Materials Php 62.53
Packaging Php 15.60
Total cost per candle Php 78.13
Table 6.2.5.2 Total manufacturing cost of the candle
Estimated price per candle Net income per candle
Php 99.75 – Php 78.13 = Php 21.62
Estimated cost per candle
Gross profit of daily production
Php 99.75 x 1 500 = Php 149 625
Quantity of daily production
Php 99.75 Php 149 625

=
Php 21.62 x
= Php 32, 430 Total daily net income
Amount of money and time needed for the completion of the product is an
essential factor in the production. Not too much money can be spent in making the
product. The raw materials provided by the company is not that expensive but the
company made sure that even though the materials are cheaper, it is in good quality.
The company can produce the finished product for approximately 1-2 months only
starting from its proposal up to its packaging. The reason for the short period of its
completion is the employees’ hard work and the pre-formulated procedure made by the
company.
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6.2. Feasibility
6.2.1 Target Market
The scope of this marketing plan is to address those countries that have a
high percentage of malaria and dengue cases. Citroffin candle is a home based
product that is helpful for families who are experiencing too much mosquitoes in
their homes. It is also for people who want to have a healthy home environment
that is relaxing and soothing.
6.2.2 Marketing Objectives
Marketing is essential for any organization that wants to raise awareness
about itself, its products or its services.
 To achieve a 60% product awareness among the target audience within the
first year of operation.
 To establish a 25% market share within the first six months.
 To achieve a sales target of Php. 349,524, 000 before the end of the
financial year.
 To attain constant annual growth of 10% revenue in each year of
operation.
6.2.3 Marketing Strategies
The Citroffin candle has strong product benefits compared to other current
marketing offers. To achieve our objectives, we will offer our unique candle that
is a mosquito repellant and can give a soothing and relaxing effect. The candles
also have a variety of designs that can give a fashionable design at home.
6.2.4 Distribution Channel

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The distribution channel includes the wholesalers, retailers and producers.
Channels are broken into direct and indirect forms, with a "direct" channel
allowing the consumer to buy the good from the manufacturer and an "indirect"
channel allowing the consumer to buy the good from a wholesaler.
6.2.5 Pricing Strategies
The strategy of the company in pricing the product is based on the
computed expenses used in its completion. The manufacturing price of the
product is 78.13 pesos, a retail price of 99.75 pesos and a whole sale price (12
candles per box) of 1 197 pesos . In meeting the marketing objective of the
company they made sure that the product is not too expensive. They want their
consumers to afford their product that can give the best effect in a cheaper price.
Even though it is in a cheap price the company is sure that they will not lose their
profit. The expected daily net income of the company is 113 404.33 pesos.
7. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
As the world goes into an innovation the company comes up to produce a product
that is economical and safe to use. The Decagalaftra Pharmaceuticals taught of using the
world’s most common essential oils to exhibit an effect that is helpful for consumers’
everyday use. After having three trials the product was enhanced by its appearance and
its effectiveness. Such researches are conducted for the safe and effective completion of
the product.
The Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals conclude that the Citroffin candle is very
efficient as a mosquito repellant with the increasing possibility of dengue and malaria
spread in the country. It exhibits a safe and economical use most especially for children
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the product can accommodate a 10 square meter room releasing its mosquito repellant
activity in combination with its soothing and relaxing effect.
8. RECOMMENDATION
The company recommends the product for its safe and effective use at home. It
can give not just a single effect but a triple effect for a larger benefit. The product is
recommended for moms at home that is overprotective for their kids in case of having
mosquito bites that can cause diseases. In places where there is a high percentage of
dengue and malaria cases because of their poor sewage, opened drainage and poor
sanitation of their environment. The product is also recommended for persons who have a
hard time relaxing at home because of too much stress and bad smell at home.
The company also recommends this product development study for future use of
those who want to conduct a study like the one they conducted. They want them to know
how to produce a product that will sure be helpful for many people. The company also
wants them to be knowledgeable and use this study as a reference while conducting their
own study as well.
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES
Books
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NY10014, Penguin Putnam Inc.

39
RAL Quality Marks, Candles: Quality Assurance, Edition January 2013, Heinestraße
169, 70597 Stuttgart, Germany
10. GLOSSARY
Candle – a molded or dipped wax or tallow containing a wick that may be burned.
40
Citronella – a lemon scented grass (Cymbopogon nardus) of southern Asia that yields oil
used in perfumery and as an insect repllent.
Climate – an average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period
of years as exhibited by temperature, wind, velocity, and precipitation
Combustion- a usually rapid chemical process (as oxidation) that produces heat and
usually light
Dengue- an acute infectious disease caused by a flavivirus (species Dengue virus of the
genus Flavivirus), transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes
Dye-a substance used for changing the color of something usually permanently
Essential oil- an oil that comes from a plant, that smells like the plant it comes from, and
that is used in perfumes and flavorings
Eucalyptus oil- is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaf of Eucalyptus. It has a
antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic property.
Fever-a state of heightened or intense emotion activity
Flame-the glowing gaseous part of a fire
Fragrance- something compounded to give off a sweet or pleasant odor
Household products-are goods used within households
Insect-any of numerous small invertebrate animals that are more or less obviously
segmented
Lemon oil- is an essential oil extracted from Lemon peels, it has astringent and antiseptic
property.
Light-the form of energy that makes it possible to see things: the brightness produced by
the sun, by fire, a lamp or a candle

41
Malaria- a serious disease that causes chills and fever and that is passed from one person
to another by the bite of mosquitoes
Mosquito-a small flying insect that bites skin of people and animals and sucks their
blood
Paraffin- a soft, waxy substance that is usually made from petroleum or coal and is used
in candles and other products
Plasmodium-a motile multinucleate mass of protoplasm resulting from fusion of
uninucleate amoeboid cells
Repel- to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance
Repellant- a substance that dissuades particular to insects or other pests from
approaching or settling
Steam bath-is used to heat solutions that boil below about 90°C
Stimulant-an agent that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or
efficiency of an organism or any of its parts
Temperature-a measurement that indicates how hot or cold something is; a level of heat
that is above what is normal for the human body
Volatile- a readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature
Volatile oil- oil that vaporizes readily
Wax-a substance that is secreted by bees and is used by them for constructing the
honeycomb, that is a dull yellow solid plastic when warm, and that is composed
11. APPENDICES
WAX TYPE DEFINITION

42
Paraffin Wax For the home hobbyist, you can buy
paraffin wax in any grocery store (in the
canning section) or at a craft store. It
usually costs around $1.50 per pound. This
is usually a low to medium melt point
paraffin wax that is suitable for making
container candles and perhaps votives, but
would not be ideal for pillar candles.
Paraffin waxes specifically formulated for
candles can be purchased from candle
making suppliers online, or some local
craft shops and petroleum companies.
They come in several different grades and
melting points for the different types of
candle applications.
Refined or Fully These are harder, lower oil content waxes,
Refined Paraffin generally with an oil content of 1.0 mass
percent or less, white in color, and meeting
Food and Drug Administration standards
for purity and safety. The quality is
determined by the extent of the refining
process. Refined waxes are suitable for the
manufacture of drugs and cosmetics, for

43
coating paper used in food packaging, and
for other critical applications. Food grade
paraffin wax produces less smoke than
other paraffin and burns more slowly.
Slack Wax A semi-refined wax, distinguished from
scale wax by having generally higher oil
content. Semi-refined slack waxes may
have oil contents up to 30 mass percent.
Slack waxes with oil content below 10
mass percent are used for manufacture of
religious candles. Slack wax is the crude
wax produced by chilling and solvent
filter-pressing wax distillate. There are
basically three types of slack wax
produced, the type depending on the
viscosity of the lube oil being dewaxed:
low neutral, medium neutral and heavy
neutral.
Scale Wax Soft, semi-refined wax distinguished from
slack wax by having generally lower oil
content; usually derived from slack wax by
extracting most of the oil from the wax.
Waxes with oil content up to 3.0 mass

44
percent are generally referred to as scale
waxes.
Microcrystalline Wax Microcrystalline waxes differ from refined
paraffin wax in that the crystal structure is
more branched and the carbon chains are
longer. These waxes are tougher, more
flexible and have higher tensile strengths
and melting points. They are also more
adhesive, and they bind solvents, oil, etc.,
and thus prevent the sweating-out of
compositions. Typical oil content by
weight is between 0.5% and 2%.
Polyethylene Wax Polyethylene waxes are manufactured from
low molecular weight, high-density raw
materials, designed to give the particular
performance characteristics required by
industry.
Petrolatum Petrolatum is the wax byproduct of the
heaviest lube oil, bright stock. Petrolatum
wax consists of a natural mixture of
microcrystalline wax and oil. It has good
oil-holding capacity that when filtered and
blended it becomes mineral jelly. When
fully refined it becomes microcrystalline

45
wax.
White Oils (Mineral Oil) White oils are colorless, odorless, tasteless
mixtures of saturated paraffinic and
naphthenic hydrocarbons that span a
viscosity range of 50-370 SUS at 100F.
These nearly chemically inert oils are
virtually free of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen
and aromatic hydrocarbons. They are
common ingredients in pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics, plastics, textiles and foods.
Bayberry Wax Also known as Myrtle Wax or Candle
berry. Rare and expensive natural wax
derived by boiling the berries of the bush.
The waxy coating on the berries boils off
and floats to the top to be collected. This
wax has a natural greenish color and a
fresh natural scent. This wax generally has
a melt point of 116-120 and is very hard
and brittle. The wax (Myrtle Wax) consists
of glycerides of stearic, palmitic and
myristic acids, and a small quantity of
oleaic acid.
Beeswax Beeswax is also available at several candle
making supply companies and even some

46
local beekeepers, but is much more
expensive than paraffin. Beeswax has a
melt point around 146 and makes a high
quality candle. Pure beeswax burns longer
and cleaner with minimal dripping and less
smoke than candles made with other
waxes. It is a light to golden yellow wax
naturally produced by honey bees, and it
has a slightly sweet honey-like scent.
Often used in cosmetics and candles, as
well as wood polishes, and various other
applications. If you don’t want to use
straight beeswax, you can also add
beeswax to your paraffin wax to save some
money and still end up with a better candle.
Palm Wax A 100% natural wax derived from palm. It
is a hard wax with a high melt point around
140, and is known to produce a crystalline
look. It usually comes in flake form. It
can be used straight or as an additive to
other natural or synthetic waxes.
Soybean Wax Soy waxes are all natural waxes made from
the soy bean. They come in several melt

47
points for different applications. These are
generally clean burning waxes that produce
little soot. There are low to medium melt
point blends from 120 to 135 for container
candles, and higher melt point blends for
pillars & votives. Some soy waxes are
pure soy, and some are blends with other
natural and botanical oils. These waxes are
known to be non-toxic, biodegradable &
environmentally safe, and longer burning
than paraffin. Advantages are that they can
be safely melted in the microwave, they
usually only require one pour, they clean
up with just hot water and soap, and they
work well with both fragrance oil and
essential oils.
Recycled Wax You can use pieces of old leftover candles
and recycle them. Just save all of your old
taper and pillar stubs and pieces of wax
from old jar candles to re-melt and make
into new candles. Or you can break them
up into small pieces and fill a container,
then over pour with clear paraffin to make

48
recycled chunk candles!
Wax Additives There are also several additives many
candle makers use to enhance the
appearance and burning quality of candles,
such as stearic acid, vybar, micro wax and
poly crystals just to name a few. You can
learn more about these on the “Dictionary
of Candle making Terms” page on this site,
and from the suppliers that sell them.
There are also a few other additives many
candle makers use that you may find in
your home already. These include
petroleum jelly, vegetable shortening,
vegetable oil and mineral oil. These types
of additives are usually used only in
container candles as they soften the wax
and lower the melting point.
Table 11.1 List of Waxes
OTHER PRODUCTS OF DECAGALAFRA PHARMACEUTICALS

49
EXPERIMENT #1:
Acetaminophen
(Deminophen®)
EXPERIMENT #2:
Sodium Bicarbonate
(Gacimint®)
50
EXPERIMENT #3:
Ferrous Sulfate
(Larrous®)
EXPERIMMENT #4:
Amoxicillin
(Fracillin®)
51
EXPERIMENT #5:
Sodium Chloride
(Casoride®)
EXPERIMENT #6:
Sodium Bicarbonate
(Debonate®)
52
EXPERIMENT #7:
Ferrous Sulfate
(Garrous®)
EXPERIMENT #8:
Calcium Carbonate
(Larborate®)
53
EXPERIMENT #9:
Mineral Oil
(Fratax®)
EXPERIMENT #10:
Menthol & Eucalyptol Inhalation

(Decalyptol®)
54
EXPERIMENT #11:
Methyl Salicylate Ointment

(Lalicylate®)
EXPERIMENT #12:
Petrolatum Rose Water

(Galaro®)
55
EXPERIMENT #13:
Zinc Oxide
(Fraxide®)
EXPERIMENT #14:
Toothpaste
(Garrapaste®)
56
EXPERIMENT #15:
Cold Cream
(Caroid®
EXPERIMENT #16:
Shampoo
57
EXPERIMENT #17:
Compound Magnesium Trisilicate

(Casilicate®)
EXPERIMENT #18:
Zinc, Starch & Talc Dusting

Powder
58
EXPERIMENT #19:
Liquid Hand Soap

59
12. CURRICULUM VITAE
K ATRINA FAYE MARIE DULIN CARINUGAN
Address: Lot 17, Cluster I, Bagong Nayon 1,
Cogeo Village, Antipolo City, Rizal
Email: carinugankatrina@gmail.com
Contact number: 09199828988
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Our Lady of Fatima University
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy
2011-present
Secondary : University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
2007-2011
Primary : University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
2002-2007
Inga Enrile Elementary School, Cagayan
2001-2002
SEMINAR(S) ATTENDED
An Intern’s Guide to a Successful Pharmacy Internship
January 22, 2013

60
Our Lady of Fatima University
Practical Guide to a Successful Pharmacy Internship 2014
January 16, 2014
Pharmacy Internship Guideline of Mercury Drug Corporation
March 16, 2013
WORK EXPERIENCE
Mercury Drug Corporation
Pasay Rotonda Branch 2823-2825 Taft Avenue
Pasay City, Philippines
May 2-31, 2013
Pharmacy Intern
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender : Female
Age : 19 yrs. old
Height : 5’2’
Weight :50kg
Date of Birth : November 22, 1994
Place of Birth : Sta. Maria, Isabela

61
Nationality : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
CHARACTER REFERENCE
Ms. Ria Joyce Antazo, RPh
Faculty, College of Pharmacy
09268864419
Ms. Mary Leoncio, RPh
09164695684
62
EINNA MARIE DE GUZMAN DELA CRUZ
Address: 165 Sitio Taguisan, Bagong Nayon I,
Antipolo City
Email: emdgdelacruz95@yahoo.com
2011-present
Secondary : Saviour School
2009-2011
: Cabuyao National High School
2007-2009
Primary : Dita Elementary School
2005-2007
: St. Paul College of San Miguel Bulacan
2004-2005
: Montessori School
2001-2004
SEMINAR(S) ATTENDED
63
January 22, 2013
January 16, 2014
WORK EXPERIENCE
Manuela-Edsa Mandaluyong
May 2-31, 2013
Pharmacy Intern
Gender : Female
Age : 18 yrs. old
Height : 5’3”
Weight :65kg
Date of Birth : August 8, 1995
Place of Birth : San Leonardo, Nueva Ecija

64
CHARACTER REFERENCE
09268864419
Mr. Anbel Bautista, RPh
Program Coordinator
09228034924
09164695684
65
NIKKA CENINA FRANCISCO
Address: 0229, National Road, Tagpos,
Binangonan, Rizal
Email: nikka_951301@yahoo.com
2011-present
Secondary : Binangonan Catholic College
2007-2011
Primary : Colegio De San Clemente
2001-2007
SEMINAR(S) ATTENDED
January 22, 2013
January 16, 2014
Pharmacy Internship Guideline of Mercury Drug Corporation

66
March 16, 2013
WORK EXPERIENCE
81 Maysilo Circle corner San Francisco St., Mandaluyong
Metro Manila, Philippines
May 2-31, 2013
Pharmacy Intern
Gender : Female
Age : 19 yrs. old
Height : 5’
Weight :52kg
Date of Birth : January 13, 1995
Place of Birth : Angono, Rizal
CHARACTER REFERENCE

67
09268864419
09164695684
68
GARCIA, CARRA MIA FREYRA
Address: Blk. 19 lot 36, Pound st.
Lores Country Homes, Antipolo City
Contact number. : 09068523103
Email: carra_garcia002@yahoo.com
2011-present
Secondary : San Roque National High School
2007-2011
Primary : Lores Elementary School
2005-2007
SEMINAR(S) ATTENDED
January 22, 2013
January 16, 2014

69
WORK EXPERIENCE
Antipolo-Cogeo Sumulong
Metro Manila, Philippines
April 1-30, 2013
Pharmacy Intern
Gender : Female
Age : 19 yrs. old
Height : 5’1”
Weight :50kg
Date of Birth : May 19, 1994
Place of Birth :Morong, Rizal
CHARACTER REFERENCE

70
09268864419
Ms. Teresa O. Amido
Principal
Canumay Elementary School
09293445817
CHRISTIAN AQUINO LABRADOR

71
Address: Blk. 171 Lot 3 Robinson Homes East,
Antipolo City
Contact number. : 09174788883
Email: Christian.labrador06@yahoo.com
2011-present
Secondary : Antipolo Lady of Lourdes School
2007-2011
Primary : De La Salle Araneta University
2001-2007
SEMINAR(S) ATTENDED
January 22, 2013
January 16, 2014

72
WORK EXPERIENCE
Greenhills Tiangge C.
San Juan Metro Manila, Philippines
April 1-30, 2013
Pharmacy Intern
Gender : Male
Age : 19 yrs. old
Height : 5’4”
Weight :60kg
Date of Birth : Dec 6, 1994
Place of Birth :Antipolo, Rizal
CHARACTER REFERENCE
73
09268864419
09164695684

Technical Writing Part2

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1

The company was incorporated as Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals on December 6,

company in the discovery, research, production and manufacture of high quality

strength as a pharmaceutical company is to satisfy the needs of their consumers’ base on

pharmaceutical company in the Philippines in terms of research and discovery. They

Their institution’s engagement in the discovery, research and production of

how they are giving their best for their consumers.

Their ability in giving efficient products is by having complete manufacturing

equipments and by having complete management and supervision of these technologies.

producing quality pharmaceutical products. Delayed shipments or distributions and

successful if not because of their qualified and competent employees.

The medical Institution Decagalafra pharmaceuticals is a qualified, competitive, and

outstanding effect for the treatment, procurement, and prevention of diseases.

aims to deliver the most possible quality health care.

2. SITE AND FLOOR PLAN

2.1 Tentative Location and Perspective View

Figure 2.1.1 Tentative Location of Plant

Address: KM 23 Sumulong highway Brgy. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo City, Philippines.

Area: 30,000 sq.m

Cost of the Plant: Php. 550,000, 000

Figure 2.1.2 Perspective View of Plant

2.2 Floor Plan

Figure 2.2.1 Floor Plan of Plant

2.3 Traffic Flow of Raw Materials and Personnel

Figure 2.3.1 Traffic Flow of Raw Materials

Figure 2.3.2 Traffic Flow of Personnel

3.1 Work Process

3.1.1 Flow Chart of the Procedure

Weigh 15 g of paraffin wax and 0.01g of Dyes

Dissolve the hard paraffin wax on a steam bath

While heating, add 1 ml of Citronella oil

In a desired container, place the previously made

Pour the melted wax into the container with the

Set aside and cool to solidify

Figure 3.1.1.1 Flow Chart of the Procedure

Citronella oil, Eucalyptus oil

Figure 3.1.2.1 Flow Chart of the Raw Materials

3.2 Personnel Qualifications

the company is based.

4.1.1 Statement of the Problem

mankind, Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals contribute to the health of the community.

its said climate.

4.1.2 Statement of Purpose or Objectives

The purpose of the product developed by Decagalafra Pharmaceuticals is to

effective enough to repel mosquitoes.

4.1.3 Scope and Limitation

The product is made more efficient by the addition of special pharmaceutically

effective active ingredients that is considered to be effective to some indicative

producing the product are safe as long as it is not ingested.

4.2.3 Methods for Preparation

2. Melt the paraffin wax in a double boiler.

3. While heating, add the Citronella oil in the wax.

4. In a desired container, place the previously colored paraffin wax.

nickel base and candle wicks.

6. Set aside and cool to solidify.

of reach of children and pets.

4.3 Technical/General Description and Information

4.3.1 Raw Materials

 Hard Paraffin Wax

Paraffin Wax is a natural product derived from the molecular components of

consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with the following general properties.

 Good water barrier

versatile and most common wax used today.