CARLO JAMES Q.

SABLAN
SHS Science Teacher
Review:
1. State the differences among
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
2. What is Atomic Number?
3. What is Atomic Mass?
 “The higher your
structure is to be, the
deeper must be its
foundation.”
- Saint Augustine
Structure of
the Atom
Objectives
1. Discuss the major components of the
structure of an atom
2. Calculate the atomic number and atomic
mass of an element or ion based on its
atomic components and vice versa
3. Appreciate the significance of the atom’s
structure
Structure of the Atom
• Atom – smallest particle of an
element that can exist alone
• Two regions of an atom
•Nucleus
• Center of atom
• Protons and neutrons
•Electron “cloud”
• Area surrounding nucleus
containing electrons
 Structure of the Atom
• Proton – Positive charge (+), 1 atomic mass unit (amu);
found in the nucleus
• Neutron – Neutral charge (0), 1 amu; found in the nucleus
• Electron – Negative charge (-), mass is VERY small
Counting Atoms
• Atomic Number
• Number of protons in the nucleus
• The number of protons determines the identity of the
element!

• Mass Number (Atomic Mass)

• Number of protons + neutrons
Counting Atoms
•Isotopes
• Atoms of the same element with varying number of
neutrons
• Different isotopes have different mass numbers
because the number of neutrons is different
Counting Atoms
•Nuclear Symbol Notation
 Atoms
• Protons have a positive (+) charge and electrons
have a negative (-) charge.
• In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals
the number of electrons, so the overall charge is
zero (0).
• Example: Helium, with an atomic number of 2, has 2
protons and 2 electrons when stable.
Example:
•Aluminum (Al)
•Protons = 13
•Electrons =
•Neutrons = 14
•Atomic Number =
•Atomic Mass =
 Ions
• In a neutral atom,
• Atomic number = # of protons = #of electrons
• Sometimes, atoms will gain or lose electrons and form
IONS.
• Because an electron has a negative charge:
• When an atom GAINS electrons, it becomes NEGATIVE.
• When an atom LOSES electrons, it becomes POSITIVE.
Ions

Cation Anion
a positive ion a negative ion