Module I in Lie Detection Techniques

Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

NISU Ajuy Campus, San Antonio, Ajuy, Iloilo
COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY
COURSE ANALYSIS
Course Code : FORENSIC 105

Descriptive Title : LIE DETECTION TECNIQUES
Term and Academic Year : 1st Semester, AY 2022-2023
Department and Year Level : BS CRIMINOLOGY III
Instructor : JAROLD KINSMAN B. ALAGOS
Module 1, Lesson 1
I. INTRODUCTION
Most of us have a partial understanding of the psychology of lying and lie detection. Since lying is
such a commonplace occurrence, most of us are personally acquainted with the inner sensations that so
accompany the telling of lie. We also have learned from personal experience in the ordinary, everyday
affairs of life that is sometimes possible to detect lie in others simply by observing their facial expressions
on their general conduct and behavior. People tell lies and deceive others for many reasons. Most often,
lying is a defense mechanism used to avoid trouble with the law, bosses or authority figures. Sometimes
you can tell someone's lying but other times it may not be so easy.
Polygraph or lie detector is not new to mankind. For hundred of years people have been trying to
determine if someone is telling the truth or is lying. Over the centuries, there have been many techniques
employed in the determination of truth or lies, but today the polygraph is the only reliable and accepted
method. Recent improvements and developments in the instrumentation and the equipment sensitivity, has
greatly improved the polygraph instrument. But still remains just that an instrument. The accuracy of the
polygraph examination depends on the polygraph examiner who conducts polygraph examination.
The lie detector has come to be recognized as an essential tool of criminal investigator rather than
the forensic scientist. Many attempts have been made to determine the truth through scientific instruments.
Even before instruments were developed, however, trials by ordeal and various tests relied on physiological
and psychological principles. At present, a scientific instrument possessing reasonable accuracy in the
verification as to whether a suspect is being deceptive or truthful is now available. It utilizes the same
principle that bodily functions of persons are influenced by his mental state and some of the physiological
changes accompanying deception are capable of being recorded, measured and interpreted with
reasonable certainty. These inner changes are in nature automatic, self-regulating and beyond conscious
control.
Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

Crim Office No: 09480886540 E-mail Address: nipscajuy-bscrim@nipsc.edu.ph
Official Facebook Account: Criminology Nisu-ajuy Campus nipsajuy-schoolofcrim@nipsc.edu.ph
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It is utterly unfair for the PNP or the NBI to publicly announcing a call for polygraph test of their
witnesses. If the witnesses refuse, a cloud of doubt is inevitably cast upon their person. If they past the test,
the NBI and PNP spokesperson would quickly add that they are by no means cleared and further
investigation will be made. If they fail, public condemnation will be swift until such time as they are able to
prove their innocence.
Time Frame: 6 hours Date of Submission: August 25, 2022
II. LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, you must have:

1. Discussed the different early methods of detecting deception;
2. Identified countries practicing ordeal;
3. Discussed the history of polygraph;
4. Explained the development of questioning technique;
5. Identified Other Important Dates and Place to Remember; and
6. Discussed the modern polygraph;
III. LEARNING CONTENTS:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYGRAPH
Early Methods of Detecting Deception
Ordeal trial is a common method of deciding guilt or innocence and a practice of referring disputed
questions to the judgment of god, determined by various means, particularly by physical tests. For the first
decades of his renewed existence, the Medieval Coroner had to be present at some curious and barbaric
rites connected with the law. These were the various ordeals, a semi magical method of determining guilt or
innocence which goes right back to pre-historic times through many cultures prior to the coming of the
Anglo-Saxons. Throughout Europe the ordeal existed in various forms under the sanction of law and was
closely related to oath. The most prevalent kinds of ordeal were those of fire, water, and the wager of
battle. There are several methods of deception detection practiced during Ancient Time up to the present of
modern society.

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Ordeal defined:
 A severe test of character or endurance; a trying course of experience.

 A medieval form of judicial trial in which the accused was subjected to physical tests, as
carrying or walking over burning objects or immersing the hand in scalding water, the
result being considered a divine judgement of guilt or innocence.

THE ANCIENT METHODS
Red Hot Iron Ordeal
This kind of ordeal is being practiced in the hill tribe of North Bengal. The accused had to carry a
bar of red- hot iron in his hands while he walked in nine marked paces. In the unlikely event of no burns
appearing on his hands, he was adjudged innocent. Otherwise, he was promptly hanged to death. A
variation of licking the red-hot iron or the suspect had to run barefooted and blind folded over nine red-hot
plowshares. The hand or foot was bound up, and inspected three days after wards. If the accused had
escaped unhurt, the person was pronounced innocent, if hurt, the person was guilty.
Wager of Battle
In the wager of battle judgment of God was through to determine the winner, and the defeated
party was allowed to live as a recreant, that is on retracing the perjury that had been sworn. Similar concept
is the Burmese ordeal by divination, which involved two sides in a dispute holding lighted candles.
Whoever's candle lasted longest was pronounced the winner.
Ordeal by Balance
This is practiced in the institute of Vishnu, India. A scale of balance is used, in one end of the scale
the accused is placed and in the other end is a counter balance. The person will step out of the scale and
listen to a judge to deliver an exhortation on the balance and get back in. if he found lighter than before,
then should be acquitted.
Ordeal by water
In this type of ordeal, the water was a symbolic of the blood of the old Testament, washing seen
from the face of the earth, allowing only the righteous minority to survive. There are two kinds of ordeal by
water; the boiling and of cold water. This ordeal was the usual mode of trial allowed to members of the
lower classes.
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A. Boiling Water Ordeal – according to the laws of Athelstan, the first king of England, the boiling of
water consisted of lifting a stone out of the boiling water, with the hand inserted as deep as wrist. More
serious offenses demanded that arm was submerged up to the elbow. The burn was bandaged for
three days before fateful examination.
B. Cold Water Ordeal - in this ordeal, the accused was tied at feet and hands and was lowered to cold
water by rope. If both knot and accused dipped beneath the surface of the water, the accused was
proven innocent. If the knot is dry or if the water refused to received him, the defendant was guilty.
Ordeal by Combat
The aggrieved party claimed the right to fight the alleged offender or to pay a champion to fight
him. The victor is said to win not by his own strength but because of supernatural powers that had
intervened on the side of the right, as in the duel in the European Ages in which the judgement of God was
though to determine the winner. If still alive after the combat, the loser might be hanged or burned for
criminal offense or have a hand cut off and property confiscated in civil actions.
Ordeal of the Red Water
The order of the “sassy bark” or red water is used in the wide region of eastern Africa. The accused
is made to fast for twelve hours, and then swallows a small amount of rice. He is then immersed into dark
colored water. The water is actually emetic and if the suspect ejects all the rice, he is considered innocent
of the charge. Otherwise, the accused is guilty.
Ordeal of the Corsnaed
A priest puts the corsnaed or hallowed bread into the mouth of the accused, with various
imprecations. If the accused swallowed it he was freed from punishment.
Ordeal by Rice Chewing
It is performed with a kind of rice called sathee, prepared with various incantations. The person on
trial eats the sathee, with the face to the east and then spits upon a pea leaf. If saliva is mixed with blood or
the corner of his mouth swells or he trembles, he is declared to be liar. This ordeal is commonly practiced
by Indians.
Ordeal of the Bear
It was an ancient belief that the slain dead could point out their killer. In England, it was customary for the
accused to approach the bier with the corpse lay. In the view of the witness, the wounds of the victim were
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observed to see if they began to bleed again. They believed that murderer is near, which causes the blood
to flow out from the wound of the victim. This ordeal was recorded well by Shakespeare in Richard III.
Test of the Eucharist
This was applied chiefly among the priest and monks. When they took the host it was believed that
god would smite the guilty with sickness or death. Others believe that if the accused is innocent, when
given a poisonous drink for him to take in, Angel Gabriel will descend from heaven to prevent the accused
from taking in the poisonous drink.
Ordeal by Heat and Fire
The accused walked barefooted over read hot coals, or was made to walk though fire, if he was
unfarmed by fire, he was considered innocent.
Trial of Cross
The accuser and the accused were placed under the cross with their arm extended or crosswise
and first to move his hands or suffer them to fall was held guilty. Or the accused was place before relics
and two dice were then produced, one marked with a cross. Of these, one was taken up at hazard. If it
happened to bear the sign of the cross, the accused was acquitted.
Donkey’s Trial Ordeal
As a psychological theory, a donkey is placed in a room alone and observed. If the donkey cried a
judgement of guilt in crimes is pressured. It is believed that deep inside ones conscience, he is guilty.
Trial of the Waxen Shirt
The accused was dressed in cloth covered with wax and walked barefooted over burning coals. If
he was unhurt by the fire and the wax did not melt, he was considered innocent.
Heredity Sieve Method
Hans Gross, the father of criminalistics, in his famous book in criminal investigation in which beans
were thrown into a sieve as the name of the suspect was called, mentioned this ordeal. If the beans Jump
out of the sieve; the owner of the sieve is innocent. If the beans remained in the sieve the person is a thief.

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OBSERVATION METHODS
A. Through Facial Expressions, such as the following:
1. Blushing, paling or profuse sweating of forehead
2. Squinting of the eyes (showing envy, disdain, distrust, and others)
3. Dilation of the eyes, protrusion of eyeballs and elevation of upper eyelids.
4. Twitching of the lips
5. Excessive winking of eyes
6. Failure to look the inquirer straight into the eye
7. Excessive activity of Adam‟s apple and the vein at the temple due to dryness of throat and
mouth
8. Quivering of nose or nostrils
9. A peculiar monotone of the voice
10. A forced laugh
11. Rolling of eyeballs from one direction to another
B. Through Postural Reactions, such as the following:
1. Fidgeting, tapping or drumming of finger on the chair of other surfaces.
2. Swinging of legs or of one leg over the other
3. Unnecessary movements of hands and feet (like scratching, nail-biting, thumb or finger sucking)
4. Pulsation of the Carotid artery in the neck
5. Incoherence, trembling and sweating of the whole body.
C. through Cause and Effect Process, such as the following:
1. The stimuli reaction
2. Response test

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REGULAR POLICE METHOD
A. The five Wives and One Husband- Utilizing the five W‟s and one H questions to detect deception.
This stand for; WHAT? WHEN? WHERE? WHO? WHY? And HOW?
B. The “three Eyes” (3 I’s) – These are the three tools in criminal investigation. This stands for:
1. Information –this is done through gathering of and verification of a records, surveillance,

and intelligence check.
2. Investigation-Through interrogation and interview of the suspects and witnesses in
attaining admission and confession.
3. Instrumentation-It is the application of criminalistics and different investigative forensic
sciences, such as the following:
a. Medico legal or forensic medicine.
b. Forensic chemistry and toxicology.
c. Police or investigative photography.
d. Forensic ballistics or fire arm identification.
e. Questioned document examination.
f. Dactyloscopy or fingerprint identification.
g. Polygraphy or lie detection.
HYPNOTISM
Franz (Friedrich) Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) - An Austrin Mystic and Physician; born on May 23,
1734 at Iznag, a village near lake Constance, Austria; he was the first to introduce hypnotism as a method
of deception detection in 1778. Mesmer believed in animal magnetism, by which his own personal electro –
magnetism for therapeutic effect influence other persons. Actually, these effects he produce were attributed
to the state of mind of the subject whereby he is induced, and thereby instructed to set quietly and gaze at
flashing light or shiny object dangled before his eyes and to cooperate with whatever the hypnotizer would
like him to do. In this case, conscious cooperation by the subject is a must.
The basis of hypnotism is through the recovered memory by the use of the increased dissociative
functions, hyper-amnesia, and at times regressive and para-regressive experience. The subject is not
actually asleep but at complete comfortable state of relaxation and that he will be doing whatever the
hypnotist mat tell him to do.

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WORD ASSOCIATION TEST
Here is another method of deception detection which was introduced in 1879 by Sir Francis Galton
(1822-1911), an English scientist explorer and Anthropometrist, born on feb.16 1822 at Sparkbrook,
Birmingham, London, and the cousin of the famous Charles Darwin .Then Galton‟s work and experiment
was later on developed by Dr, Carl Gustavjung (1875-1961), a Swiss Psychologist and psychiatrist and
founder and founder of the analytical Psychology.
TRUTH-SERUM TEST
The so-called Truth-Serum text was introduced by Dr.Edward Mandell House (1858-1938) a US
Physicist and a Diplomat serving as Confidential Adviser to former US President Woodrow Wilson. This
method involves intravenous injection or oral taking of various drugs, such as hyocine bromide, morphine,
ether, chloroform, sodium amytal and scopolamine which may produce a condition of anesthesia. There
must be an immediate need for a physician to be present during the test so that the application of drugs will
be properly determined and supervised to produce required results.
INTOXICATION
This method employs alcoholic beverages as stimuli to obtain truth. The person of subject whose
statement is to be taken is allowed to take alcoholic beverages to intoxication point. When under the
influence of alcohol, the power of control is diminished and the investigator begins propounding questions.
Interrogation must be made only during the excitatory effect of alcohol. During the stage, therein noted is
the sensation of well- being and the actions speech and emotions are less trained due to the lowering of
the inhibition normally exercised by the higher brain centers. There is eventually lack of self- control.
POLYGRAPH TEST OR LIE- TEST
This method of the preen new society is based upon the that once a lie has been made or that an
emotion-evoking stimulus (question) has been given, a conscious mental effort on the part of normally
conditioned person causes physical and physiological change in the body which are capable of being
recoded, diagnosed, and interpreted in a recording machine or instrument called, the „‟Polygraph „‟
“Deceptograph” or the “Pneumo-Galvo-Sphygmo-Cardiograph”.

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HISTORY OF POLYGRAPH
In the middle of 19th century, Dr. Hans Gross defined search for truth as a basis and goal
of all criminal investigation. He stated further that a large part of criminal work is nothing more
than a battle against lies. Throughout the centuries, man sustained to experiment with more
scientific methods in determining truth and deception with the following scientist having
contributed much in the development of the polygraph instrument.
DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIO-SPHYGMOGRAPH
a. Angelo Mosso (1895) – He studied fear and its influence on the heart. His observation subsequently
formed the basis for detecting technique.
b. Cesar Lombroso (1836-1909) – He employed the first scientific instrument to detect deception, which is
known Hydrosphymograph, this instrument measures changes in pulse and blood pressure when suspects
were asked their involvement in or knowledge of specific response.
c. William Moulton Marston (1915) – He was considered as the father of the modern polygraphy. He dealt
with the sphygmomanometer and made researches on the usefulness of sphygmomanometer in detecting
lies, which was used to obtain periodic discontinuous blood pressure reading during the course of the test.
d. John Larson (1921) – He develop an instrument that continually and simultaneously measures blood
pressure and respiration. He designed the first two recording channel polygraph in the history.
e. Leonarde Keeler – In 1949, he invented the “Keeler Polygraph” which is an improvement of the Larson‟s
Apparatus. This apparatus was with components for recording blood pressure, pulse, and respiration
changes.
DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMOGRAPH COMPONENT

a. Vittorio Benussi (1914) – He detected deception with a pneumography, an instrument that
graphically measures the inhalation and exhalation. He demonstrated the
changes in breathing patterns by noting the changes in respiration – expiration ratio during deception.
b. Harold Burtt (1918) – He determined that respiratory changes were indication of deception. He
found out that changes in systolic blood pressure were of greater value in determining deception than in
changes in respiration.

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DEVELOPMENT OF GALVANOGRAPH COMPONENT
a. Luigi Galvani (1791) – He is an Italian physiologist who was accorded the distinction for
developing galvanic skin reflex (GSR) or the galvanometer, which records electrical bodily resistance in
terms of ohms, the lowest current ever recorded.
b. Sticker (1897) – He made the first suggestion for using galvanograph for detecting deception
based on the works of several predecessors. He theorized that galvanic skin reflex is influenced by existing
mental impression and that will have no effect upon it.
c. Veraguth (1907) – He was the first one to use the term “psychogalvanic reflex” he believed that
the electrical phenomenon is due to the activity of sweat glands.
DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE
a. Keeler (1942) - He developed the “relevant-irrelevant test”. The theory of this test is that guilty
reacts only to relevant questions and innocent shows no reactions.
He also added the “personally embarrassing” (EPQ) to his relevant-irrelevant technique, which was
designed to elicit a reaction only from the innocent subject. He also included the un-reviewed question or
“surprise question” that serves the same purpose as the EPQ. Although, EPQ apparently ceased in 1951.
The surprise control question is still part of some relevant/irrelevant technique used today. Keeler is also
credited with introducing the “Card Test” and specialized in “peak of tension test”.
b. John E. Reid – He developed the “reviewed control question” consisting of a known lie
incorporated into relevant-irrelevant test. The theory of the test is to stimulate the innocent subject, to
identify the general nervous tension and guilt complex reactor and to improve contact between innocent
and guilty subjects. He also discovered the “guilt-complex test” administered to the overly responsive
subject.
c. Cleve Backster – He conceived the psychological sit theory that forms the basis of his zone of
comparison technique that provides constant monitoring of the suspect reactivity and designed to disclose
outside issue. This is known as the “Backster Zone Comparison Test”.

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EARLY PUBLICATIONS OF POLYGRAPH
a. Daniel Defoe (1730) – He wrote an essay entitled “An Effectual Scheme for the Immediate
Preventing of Street Robberies and Suppressing all other Disorders of the Night” which recommends taking
of the pulse as a method of identifying a criminal.
b. Sir James Mackenzie (1906) – A famous heart specialist. It was said that “polygraph” exist as
early as 1906 but it is not being used to detect deception. He 1 st describes the instrument in an article
entitled “the Ink Polygraph” which appeared in the British Medical Journal in 1908.
c. Vittorio Benussi (1953) – He presented a paper before the 2 nd meeting of the Italian Society for
Psychology in Rome, on the subject of his experiments regarding respiratory symptoms of lying.
d. Richard O. Archer (1953) – The 1st polygraphist to record simultaneously on regular basis the
chest and abdominal breathing patterns. He was also the 1st one to record simultaneously two galvanic skin
reflexes.
e. Richard I. Golden – (1969) – He presented a paper at the annual Seminar of Polygraph

Association at Houston, Texas regarding his experiments‟ using existing control questions techniques but
requiring the subject to answer each question twice. The first time truthfully and the second time with lie, for
the purpose or requiring additional psycho-physiological data from the examinee by comparing his
subjective truthful answer with a known lie to the same question.
OTHER PIONEERS IN THE FIELD OF DECEPTION DETECTION
Francis Galton
He developed the much acclaimed psychological test known as the Word Association Test,
whereby the patient is presented with group of words sufficiently separated in time to allow the patient to
utter his first thought generated by each word. Dr. Carl Guztav Jung later developed the work and
experiment of Galton.
Allen Bell
He is an American inventor who developed a device called Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE).
This instrument detects slight trembling in the voice, which may be interpreted to determine if a person is
telling the truth.

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Anton Mesmer
He was the first one to introduce hypnotism as a method of detecting deception.
OTHER IMPORTANT DATES AND PLACE TO REMEMBER
a. 1937 – Japans 1st reported use of psychophysiological detection of deception. They measured
the skin conductance at Akamatsu, Uchida and Togawa.
b. 1948 – The International Society for the Detection Deception began issuing membership.
c. 1950 – Korea began its use of Polygraph. Its 1st examiner was trained by U.S. Army
polygraphers stationed there.
d. 1959 – Ivan Babic, head of forensic laboratory in Zagreb, Croatia, conducted the first
experimental polygraph test in the Republic of Croatia and Yugoslavia.
e. 1945 – The polygraph was first introduced in the Philippines at the Crime Laboratory of the
Military Police. They sent Mr. Jose Navarro and Mr. Condrado Dumlao to the U. S. for polygraph
training.
f. 1950 – The National Bureau of Investigation sent Mr. Agustin Patricio to train at the Keeler
Polygraph Institute.
MODERN POLYGRAPH
Modern polygraph is a computer outfit with sensors. Sensors are used to measures and record a
number of physical changes that are elated to the vegetative nervous system. The reliability of the
polygraph is directly related to numbered of measured and recorded inputs; the more there are inputs the
more accurate is the result of decision making, based on all measurement taken and individual
characteristics are also taken into account.
The study of the used of computerize polygraph in the physiological detection of deception has
progress through several phases.
Dr. Joseph F. Cubis (1970) – Of Fordham University in New York Cityis the 1st researcher who
used potential computer applications for the purpose of polygraph chart analysis.

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1980 – Researcher was conducted on computerized polygraph at the University of Utah by Dr.
John C. Kircher and David C. Raskin and in 1988; they developed the Computer Assisted Polygraph
System (CAPS) which incorporated the first algorithm to be used for evaluating physiological data collected
for diagnostic purposes.
1992 – The polygraph made its official entrance into the computer age.
Dr. Dale E Olsen and John Harris (1993) – John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory,
Maryland, completed a software program called the PolyScore which used sophisticated mathematical
algorithm to analyze the polygraph data and to estimate a probability or degree of deception or truthfulness
in a subject.
IV. LEARNING ASSESMENT:
Instruction: Explain as much as u can, carefully understand the topic given below. Write your answers on
one whole sheet of yellow paper and submit to your respective Facebook Page.
Answer the following questions:
Test I. Essay
1. Differentiate lie detector to polygraph examiner. (10 points)

2. Choose atleast two ancient methods of detecting deception and explain each. (10 points)
3. From your chosen methods of detection, is it still practice at present investigation? If yes (explain) if no (explain).
(20 points)
Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and the word FALSE if the statement is
wrong. (10 points)
Test II. True/false
1. Throughout India the ordeal existed in various forms under the sanction of law and was closely related to oath.
2. Francis Galton was the first one to introduce hypnotism as a method of detecting deception.
3. Anton Mesmer is an American inventor who developed a device called Psychological Stress Evaluator (PSE). This
instrument detects slight trembling in the voice, which may be interpreted to determine if a person is telling the truth.
4. The "reviewed control question" consisting of a known lie incorporated into relevant - irrelevant test was developed
by John E. Reid.
5. The most prevalent kinds of ordeal in Europe were those of fire, water, and the wager of battle.
6. Keeler developed the "relevant- irrelevant test.

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7. Luigi Galvani is a European physiologist who was accorded the distinction for developing galvanic skin reflex
(GSR) or the galvanometer, which records electrical bodily resistance in terms of ohms, the lowest current ever
recorded.
8. William Moulton Marston is the Father of Modern Polygraphy.
9. The “three Eyes” (3 I‟s) for criminal investigation are the information, interrogation and instrumentation.
10. Incoherence, trembling and sweating of the whole body is one of the facial expression in observing deception.
Your answer shall be evaluated using the following criteria:
Content 10%
Organization of ideas 10%
Mechanics/Grammar/Spelling 5%
Total Score 25%
V. ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES/OUTPUTS
List down at least five movies that have a connection to the Early Methods of Detecting Deception
and site the specific titles. Write on the piece of paper what is the title (-) what ordeal does it belong.
Send to your respective Facebook Page.
Be able to memorize the three tools in criminal investigation with definition including the application
of criminalistics and different investigative forensic sciences.
Criteria:
Related research of movies 20 pts.

Clarity of voice 5 pts.
Correctness in pronunciation and memorization 25 pts.
Total score: 50 pts.
IV. REFERENCES
Delizo, Bernardo G. (2022) Training modules in Forensic Lie Detection

Adra, Marry Jane Q. (2013) & Tangcangco, Danilo L. The essential of Polygraphy. Wiseman‟s Book
Trading, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines
Beup, Ferdinand. V. (2008). Compiled notes in Lie Detection.

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Curugan, Rose Marie, Dalilis, Homer and Pagnas, Dipni, Hanbook on Polygraphy: The Basics, Marikina
City, Four J Arts, 2003
De Leon, Hector S., Textbook on Philippine Constitution, Rex Bookstore, Quezon City, 2002
Ferguson, Robert J., The Polygraph in Private Industry, Springfield, Illinois USA, Charles C. Thomas
Publishing Company, 1996
Reid, John E. and Inbau, Fred E., The Truth and Deception, USA, Williams and Wilkins Company, 1977
Solis, Pedro P., Legal Medicine, Quezon City, R.P. Garcia Publishing Co., 1987
Philippine Constabulary (PC), Scientific Crime Detection, Philippine Constabulary Headquarters, Quezon
City, 1978
----End of Module 1, Lesson 1----

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Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY

Course Code : FORENSIC 105

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

Time Frame: 6 hours Date of Submission: August 25, 2022

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this lesson, you must have:

III. LEARNING CONTENTS:

THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLYGRAPH

Early Methods of Detecting Deception

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

 A severe test of character or endurance; a trying course of experience.

Red Hot Iron Ordeal

Ordeal of the Red Water

Ordeal of the Corsnaed

Ordeal by Rice Chewing

Ordeal of the Bear

Test of the Eucharist

Ordeal by Heat and Fire

Donkey’s Trial Ordeal

Trial of the Waxen Shirt

Heredity Sieve Method

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

A. Through Facial Expressions, such as the following:

1. Blushing, paling or profuse sweating of forehead

2. Squinting of the eyes (showing envy, disdain, distrust, and others)

3. Dilation of the eyes, protrusion of eyeballs and elevation of upper eyelids.

4. Twitching of the lips

5. Excessive winking of eyes

6. Failure to look the inquirer straight into the eye

8. Quivering of nose or nostrils

9. A peculiar monotone of the voice

10. A forced laugh

11. Rolling of eyeballs from one direction to another

B. Through Postural Reactions, such as the following:

1. Fidgeting, tapping or drumming of finger on the chair of other surfaces.

2. Swinging of legs or of one leg over the other

4. Pulsation of the Carotid artery in the neck

5. Incoherence, trembling and sweating of the whole body.

C. through Cause and Effect Process, such as the following:

1. The stimuli reaction

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

REGULAR POLICE METHOD

1. Information –this is done through gathering of and verification of a records, surveillance,

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

POLYGRAPH TEST OR LIE- TEST

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

DEVELOPMENT OF PNEUMOGRAPH COMPONENT

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

DEVELOPMENT OF QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

e. Richard I. Golden – (1969) – He presented a paper at the annual Seminar of Polygraph

OTHER PIONEERS IN THE FIELD OF DECEPTION DETECTION

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

He was the first one to introduce hypnotism as a method of detecting deception.

OTHER IMPORTANT DATES AND PLACE TO REMEMBER

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

IV. LEARNING ASSESMENT:

Answer the following questions:

1. Differentiate lie detector to polygraph examiner. (10 points)

Test II. True/false

Tel. No.: (033) 3231-5236 Website Address: www.nipsc.edu.ph

Your answer shall be evaluated using the following criteria: