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Shock
KGMU College of Nursing, Lucknow
Jun 13, 2018 • 352 likes • 2,04,153 views
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Shock
1. SUBJECT- MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING TOPIC- SHOCK -
MR. MIGRON RUBIN
2. INTRODUCTION Cells need two things to function: oxygen
and glucose. This allows the cells to generate energy and do
their specific jobs. When cells don’t receive either of them or
both, they stop functioning.
3. DEFINITION Shock is defined as a condition where the
tissues in the body don't receive enough oxygen and
nutrients to allow the cells to function.
4. CLASSIFICATION 1. Cardiogenic shock- It occurs due to
systolic or diastolic dysfunction. 2. Hypovolemic shock- It
occurs due to intravascular fluid volume. 3. Obstructive
shock- It occurs when there is physical obstruction in blood
flow.
5. 4. Distributive shock- (neurogenic, anaphylactic & septic) •
Neurogenic shock- It occurs from trauma that leads to spinal
cord injuries. • Anaphylactic shock- It is acute life threatening
hypersensitivity reaction to a sensitizing substance like drug,
chemical, vaccine, food etc. • Septic shock- Also known as
blood poisoning, is a condition caused by infections that lead
to bacteria entering blood.
6. ETIOLOGY • Severe allergic reaction • Significant blood
loss • Heart failure • Blood infections • Dehydration •
Poisoning • Burns
7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK STRUCTURAL
DEFECTS IN HEART, DYSRHYTHMIAS ETC. SYSTOLIC &
DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT &
INCREASED PULMONARY PRESSURE PULMONARY EDEMA
DECREASED CELLULAR OXYGEN SUPPLY DECREASED TISSUE
PERFUSION
8. HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK DECREASED BLOOD VOLUME DUE
TO ACCIDENT, BURN ETC. DECREASED VENOUS RETURN
DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT DECREASED TISSUE
PERFUSION DECREASED CELLULAR METABOLISM
9. NEUROGENIC SHOCK DISRUPTION OF SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM VASODILATION DECREASED BP
DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT DECREASED CELLULAR
OXYGEN SUPPLY DECREASED TISSUE PERFUSION IMPAIRED
CELLULAR METABOLISM
10. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK ALLERGEN , DRUG ETC. ANTIGEN
ANTIBODY REACTION VASODILATION CAPILLARY
PERMEABILITY SEVERE BRONCHO CONSTRICTION
DECREASED OXYGEN SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION INADEQUATE
TISSUE PERFUSION
11. SEPTIC SHOCK INFECTION RELEASE OF TOXIN
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR EFFECTS MYOCARDIAL PROBLEMS
ENDOTHELIAL DESTRUCTION DECREASED CONTRACTILITY
MICROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY INADEQUATE BLOOD FLOW
TO TISSUE INADEQUATE BLOOD FLOW TO THE TISSUE TISSUE
HYPOXIA CELL DEATH
12. OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK PHYSICAL OBSTRUCTION IN
BLOOD FLOW DECREASED VENOUS RETURN DECREASED
CARDIAC OUTPUT DECREASED CELLULAR OXYGEN SUPPLY
DECREASED TISSUE PERFUSION IMPAIRED CELLULAR
METABOLISM
13. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS • Extremely low blood
pressure • Weakness • Chest pain • Weak pulse • Profuse
sweating • Dizziness
14. • Moist, clammy skin • Unconsciousness • Rapid, shallow
breathing • Feeling anxious, agitated or confused • Cyanosis
15. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION • History collection • Physical
examination • Blood culture & sensitivity test • CBC- increased
WBC & ESR level • Arterial blood gas analysis- respiratory
alkalosis
16. • ECG-dysarrthmias • Echocardiogram-to rule out aortic
stenosis and pulmonary embolism. • X-ray & CT scan • Cardiac
monitoring-Spo2,pulse,temp,BP are monitored continuously.
• Central venous pressure -fluid loss.
17. COMPLICATIONS • Loss of consciousness • Respiratory
failure • Coagulation disorder • Multi organ damage • Coma •
Death
18. MANAGEMENT I. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT A.
PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT • Crystalloids: ringer’s
solution and normal saline • Inotropic agents: like dopamine ,
dobutamine and epinephrine • Vasodilators : nitroglycerine •
Diuretics : lasilactone, furosemide • Antibiotics : ciprofloxacin,
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid • Antihistamines : epinephrine
used in anaphylactic shock. • Corticosteroids :
dexamethasone • Sodium bicarbonate :used to treat
metabolic acidosis • Broncodilators : like atropine ,
aminophylline etc.
19. • B. NON- PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT • Modified
trendelenberg position • Assessment of vital signs • Oxygen
administration • Parenteral nutrition support
20. II. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT • Wound debridement- in
case of chronic infected wound, burns wound debridement
to be done for fast healing • Angioplasty-in case of myocardial
infarction angioplasty can be performed • Tracheostomy
21. III. NURSING MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT • Continuous
monitoring of vital signs should be done. • Assess Airway,
breathing & circulation of the patient. • Monitor for ABG value
• Check for urine output of the client. •
22. • NURSING DIAGNOSIS • Impaired tissue perfusion
related to decrease cardiac output, decreased venous return •
In e!ective breathing pattern related to hypoxia,
bronchospasm • Fluid volume deficit related to vomiting
hemorrhage • Acute pain related to myocardial infarction •
Imbalanced nutrition less then body requirement related to
vomiting, low intake of food
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