STUDENT WORKSHEET

CHAPTER 8
KINGDOM PLANTAE (GYMNOSPERMAE AND ANGIOSPERMAE)
Name : Gamaliel Twoista Putra Date : -
Class : XE Score :

1. What is seed, and why was the evolution of the seed such an important innovation for
plants?
Answer :
Seeds are the result of the fusion of the ovum and sperm in plants. The evolution of
seeds is an important innovation for plants because with the evolution of seeds, the
haploid phase of plants is getting shorter and smaller in shape. In addition, seeds can
survive for a long time. Thus, if the season is not good, the seeds can still survive

(Biji adalah hasil peleburan dari ovum dan sperma pada tumbuhan. Evolusi biji
merupakan inovasi yang penting bagi tumbuhan karena dengan adanya evolusi biji
fase haploid tumbuhan semakin pendek dan bentuknya semakin kecil. Selain itu biji
dapat bertahan hidup dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Dengan demikian jika musim
sedang tidak baik biji-biji tersebut masih bisa bertahan hidup.)

2. Complete the following table of gymnosperms classification.

No. Phylum Members (example)
1 Coniferophyta Pinus, Cemara, Sequoia.
2 Cycadophyta Tanaman pakis
3 Ginkgophyta Ginkgo biloba
4 Gnetophyta Ephedra sp, welwitschia sp, gnetum sp (melinjo)

3. A. Label the structure of flower and fruit below.

Note:
1. Ovary
2. Style
3. Stigma
4. Carpel
5. Anther
6. Filament
7. Stamen
8. Petal
a. Flower anatomy 9. Sepal
10. Ovule
11. Reseptacle

B. Based on the position of ovary, there are three types of flower (shown in the
following picture)
Explain the differences between Hypogynous flower, Perigynous flower, and
Epigynous flower.
Answer :
 Hypogynous flower
- Thalamus is convex or conical.
- Androperianth is borne below the level of ovary.
- Ovary is superior and the other parts are inferior.
- Thalamus is not fused with the wall of ovary.
- No part of the thalamus is expanded except for a central projection.
- Whole of the pistil is visible from outside.
- Constituents of androperianth develop separately and are well spread.

1. Talamus cembung atau kerucut.

2. Androperianth lahir di bawah level ovarium.
3. Ovarium lebih unggul. Bagian lain lebih rendah.
4. Talamus tidak menyatu dengan dinding ovarium;
5. Tidak ada bagian dari talamus yang mengembang kecuali untuk proyeksi
pusat.
6. Seluruh putik terlihat dari luar.
7. Konstituen androperianth berkembang secara terpisah dan tersebar
dengan baik.
 Perigynous flower
- Thalamus is disc shaped, cup shaped or flask shaped.
- Androperianth is borne around or above the level of ovary.
- Ovary is superior. Other parts are inferior.
- Thalamus is free from ovary wall.
- Periphery of the thalamus is expanded to form hypanthium.
- Whole pistil may or may not be visible from outside.
- Constituents of androperianth often develop from a common base.

1. Talamus berbentuk cakram, berbentuk cangkir atau berbentuk labu.

2. Androperianth lahir di sekitar atau di atas tingkat ovarium.
3. Ovarium lebih unggul. Bagian lain lebih rendah.
4. Talamus bebas dari dinding ovarium.
5. Pinggiran talamus membesar membentuk hipantium.
6. Putik utuh mungkin atau mungkin tidak terlihat dari luar.
7. Unsur androperianth sering berkembang dari basis yang sama.
  Epigynous flower
- Thalamus is usually flask shaped.
- Androperianth is borne above the level of ovary.
- Ovary is inferior while other parts are superior.
- Thalamus is fused with the wall of ovary.
- Thalamus is hollowed out.
- Only style and stigma are visible from outside.
- Constituents of androperianth develop jointly from the neck of hollowed out
thalamus.

1. Talamus biasanya berbentuk labu.

2. Androperianth lahir di atas level ovarium.
3. Ovarium inferior sedangkan bagian lain superior.
4. Talamus menyatu dengan dinding ovarium.
5. Talamus dilubangi.
6. Hanya gaya dan stigma yang terlihat dari luar.
7. Kandungan androperianth berkembang bersama dari leher talamus yang
berlubang.

4. Create a diagram to compare the life cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Life cycle of gymnosperms

Life cycle of angiosperms

5. Distinguish between pollination and fertilization.

6. Double fertilization followed by the formation of endosperm is unique to
angiosperms. How does the double fertilization, endosperm development and embryo
development occur in angiosperms?
7. Complete the following table of the main differences between monocots and Dicots

Characteristic Monocots Dicots

Flower parts
Pollen
Cotyledons
Leaf venation
Primary vascular bundle
in stem

8. Carilah 2 jenis buah dan buatlah anatomi (gambar/foto) serta berikan keterangan
bagian-bagian anatomi buah tersebut.

Gambar Keterangan

Nama buah : Keterangan

Nama buah : Keterangan