Republic of the Philippines

Western Mindanao State University

College of Engineering
Department of Geodetic Engineering
Semester_2nd_, AY 2023-2024

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in GE 132

Land Use Planning & Development

"Assessing Air Pollution in Barangay Campo Islam,

Zamboanga City: A GIS Analysis of
Industrial Impact and
Coastal Influence"

Submitted by:
Canao, Leomar O.
Chavez, Sahabi A.
Denco, Thricia May
BSGE-3 Students

Submitted to:

Engr. Amy G. Donato

Instructor

Date Submitted:
March 22, 2024
 I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study

In the Philippines, the challenge of air pollution is a pressing concern, particularly in

rapidly urbanizing areas like Zamboanga City (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2020). The country
grapples with various sources of pollution, including vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and
natural phenomena. Urbanization and industrialization have led to increased pollution levels,
posing significant risks to public health and the environment. Against this backdrop, Barangay
Campo Islam in Zamboanga City emerges as a focal point for air quality assessment due to its
unique blend of industrial activities, coastal location, and demographic composition.

In Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga City, the population, as of the 2020 Census, stands
at approximately 11,730 individuals (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2020). This barangay,
characterized by 3,303 households, exhibits a demographic profile with a notable concentration of
young dependents, constituting 31.86% of the population, while the economically active
population (aged 15 to 64) makes up 65.33% (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2020). Conversely,
the elderly population (aged 65 and over) comprises 2.81% of the total population (Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2020).

Located in the coastal zone of Zamboanga City, Campo Islam shares borders with adjacent
barangays such as San Jose Gusu, San Roque, Baliwasan, Canelar, and Calarian (Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2020). Its geographical coordinates are approximately 6.9149° N latitude and
122.0447° E longitude, with an estimated elevation of 6.4 meters above mean sea level
(Geonames.org, n.d.).

Air pollution in Campo Islam arises from various sources, including industrial activities
such as copra production and petroleum processes, vehicular emissions, and natural phenomena
like dust and pollen. These pollutants, consisting of solid and liquid particles as well as gases, pose
significant risks to public health and the environment (World Health Organization, 2018).

The Air Quality Index (AQI) in Barangay Campo Islam is influenced by pollutants such as
particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon
Monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) (Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
2020). These pollutants are measured to assess their concentrations and their impact on local air
quality.

The historical population trends in Campo Islam reveal a steady growth from 10,765 in
1990 to 11,730 in 2020, albeit with a negative growth rate of 1.42% from the previous population
count in 2015 (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2020). This growth underscores the importance of
addressing air pollution concerns to ensure the well-being of the barangay's residents.

The research aims to assess the air pollution in Campo Islam to facilitate hazard mapping analysis.
By understanding the distribution and severity of air pollutants, stakeholders can develop effective
mitigation strategies to safeguard public health and mitigate environmental risks.

B. Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to investigate the extent of air pollution in Barangay Campo
Islam, Zamboanga City, Philippines, considering its industrial activities and coastal location.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the primary sources of air pollution in Barangay Campo Islam, including
industrial emissions, vehicular activities, and natural phenomena?

2. How do the levels of key pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10),
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and
carbon dioxide (CO2), vary within the barangay over time?

3. What are the potential health risks associated with the observed levels of air
pollution in Barangay Campo Islam, particularly concerning respiratory health and
other related conditions?
C. Objectives

This study aims to comprehensively assess air pollution levels in Barangay Campo Islam,
Zamboanga City, Philippines, integrating geographic information system (GIS) analysis with
environmental data. By examining the impact of industrial activities and coastal influence on air
quality, the study seeks to provide insights for effective pollution management and public health
interventions.

• Utilize GIS analysis to map out the distribution of air pollutants within Barangay
Campo Islam.
• Identify the primary sources of air pollution, including industrial emissions and
vehicular activities.
• Evaluate temporal variations in pollutant levels to understand seasonal and long-term
trends.
• Assess the potential health risks associated with observed air pollution levels, focusing
on respiratory health and related conditions.
• Propose evidence-based mitigation strategies to address air pollution challenges in
Barangay Campo Islam, considering its industrial and coastal characteristics.

D. Significance of the study

The significance of this study lies in its exploration of air pollution dynamics in Barangay
Campo Islam, Zamboanga City, Philippines. Through GIS analysis and environmental data
integration, it offers crucial insights for the following:

For Stakeholders,

The findings of this study will provide valuable insights for stakeholders,
including local government units, industrial firms, and environmental agencies, to
formulate evidence-based policies and interventions aimed at mitigating air
pollution in Barangay Campo Islam. By understanding the sources and distribution
of pollutants, stakeholders can implement targeted measures to improve air quality
and safeguard public health.
For Locals,

Residents of Barangay Campo Islam will benefit from increased awareness

about the air pollution levels in their community and its potential health impacts.
This knowledge empowers them to take proactive steps to minimize exposure to
pollutants and advocate for measures to improve air quality, thereby enhancing
their overall well-being and quality of life.

For the City,

The study's findings will contribute to Zamboanga City's efforts to address

environmental challenges, particularly concerning air pollution. By identifying
hotspots and sources of pollution in Barangay Campo Islam, the city can prioritize
resources and implement targeted strategies to reduce emissions, protect public
health, and promote sustainable development.

For DENR and Environmental Agencies,

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and other

environmental agencies can utilize the study's results to enhance monitoring and
regulatory efforts related to air quality management. The data and analysis provided
can support decision-making processes, facilitate compliance with environmental
regulations, and guide the implementation of pollution control measures in
industrial and urban areas.

For Western Mindanao State University (WMSU) and the Department of Geodetic
Engineering,

The participation of WMSU and the Department of Geodetic Engineering

in mapping and analyzing air pollution in Barangay Campo Islam demonstrates the
institution's commitment to community engagement and environmental
stewardship. The study serves as a practical application of geospatial technology
and research expertise, enriching academic learning experiences and fostering
collaboration between academia and local stakeholders. It also showcases the
university's role in addressing real-world challenges and contributing to sustainable
development efforts in Zamboanga City and beyond.
E. Scope and Delimitation

E.1 Scope

This study focuses on assessing air pollution levels in Barangay Campo Islam, Zamboanga
City, Philippines, with a particular emphasis on the influence of industrial activities and coastal
location. Utilizing geographic information system (GIS) analysis, the research aims to map out the
distribution of key air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Nitrogen
Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The
study will identify sources of these pollutants, evaluate temporal variations in their levels, assess
potential health risks associated with exposure, and explore demographic correlations.
Additionally, recommendations for mitigation strategies to address air pollution challenges in the
barangay will be provided. Data collection encompasses air quality monitoring, demographic
surveys, and spatial analysis techniques, drawing upon interdisciplinary approaches to provide a
comprehensive understanding of air pollution dynamics in the study area.

E.2 Delimitation

This study is delimited to Barangay Campo Islam in Zamboanga City and does not extend
to other barangays or municipalities within the city. While the research considers industrial
activities and coastal influences as significant factors affecting air pollution, it may not
comprehensively address all possible sources of pollution within the barangay. Additionally, the
study does not cover indoor air quality assessment or detailed chemical analysis of pollutants
beyond standard monitoring parameters. Furthermore, the recommendations provided in the study
are tailored to the specific context of Barangay Campo Islam and may not be directly applicable
to other geographical locations. Finally, the implementation of mitigation strategies proposed in
this research falls under the jurisdiction of relevant government agencies and local stakeholders,
and their feasibility and effectiveness may vary depending on various socio-economic and political
factors.