T =16 ° C Patm =0.64 atm=486.

4 mmHg
Nº h1 (cm) h2 (cm) h3 (cm)
1 33.8 0 21.8
2 31.5 0 19.6
3 30.2 0 17.9
4 35.3 0 18.2
5 33.1 0 23.2
6 33.2 0 21.4
7 30.4 0 20.2
8 30,6 0 19.4

 Dibuje el diagrama P – V para representar el método Clement-

Desormes.

Patm =486.4 mmHg

PVH 2O =13.642 mm Hg

ϱ Hg =13.6 g /cc

ϱ liquidomanometrico =1.119 g /cc

h1 (mm) H3 (mm)
338 218
315 196
302 179
353 182
331 232
332 214
304 202
306 194

Calculo de P1 y P3.
h∗ϱl . m .
P H 2 =P atm −PVH 2 O + P H ⟹ PGAS=P atm−PVH 2 O +
ϱ Hg
Para P1

[ ]
g
338 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =499.91 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
499.91 [ mmHg ] × =0.657 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
315 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =498.68 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
498.68 [ mmHg ] × =0.656 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
302 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =497.60 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
497.60 [ mmHg ] × =0.654 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
353 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =501.80 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
501.80 [ mmHg ] × =0.660 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
331 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =500.00 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
500.00 [ mmHg ] × =0.657 [ atm ]
760 mmHg
 [ ]
g
332 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =500.10 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
500.10 [ mmHg ] × =0.658 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
304 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =497.77 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
497.77 [ mmHg ] × =0.654 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
306 mm∗1.119
cc
P1= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =497.93 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
497.93 [ mmHg ] × =0. 655 [ tm ]
760 mmHg

Para P3

[ ]
g
218 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =490.69 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
490.69 [ mmHg ] × =0.645 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
196 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =488.88 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc
 1 atm
488.88 [ mmHg ] × =0. 643 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
179 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =487.49 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
487.49 [ mmHg ] × =0.641 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
182 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =487.73 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
487.73 [ mmHg ] × =0.641 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
232 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =491.85 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
491.85 [ mmHg ] × =0.647 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
214 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642mmHg =490.36 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
490.36 [ mmHg ] × =0.645 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

[ ]
g
202 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642 mmHg =489.38 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
489.38 [ mmHg ] × =0.643 [ atm ]
760 mmHg
 [ ]
g
194 mm∗1.119
cc
P3= 486.4 mmHg+ −13.642mmHg =488.72 [ mmHg ]
g
13.6
cc

1 atm
488.72 [ mmHg ] × =0.643 [ atm ]
760 mmHg

 Calculo de índice adiabático.

Patm =P2=0.64 atm

Cp ln ( P1 ) −ln ⁡( P 2)
γ= =
Cv ln ( P 1 ) −ln ⁡(P 3)
ln ( 0.657 )−ln ⁡(0.64)
γ= =1,422
ln ( 0.657 )−ln ⁡(0.645)

ln ( 0.656 )−ln ⁡(0.64)

γ= =1,234
ln ( 0.656 )−ln ⁡(0.643)

ln ( 0.654 )−ln ⁡(0.64)

γ= =1,077
ln ( 0.654 )−ln ⁡(0.641)

ln ( 0.660 )−ln ⁡(0.64)

γ= =1,053
ln ( 0.660 )−ln ⁡(0.641)

ln ( 0.657 )−ln ( 0.64 )

γ= =1,710
ln ( 0.657 )−ln ( 0.647 )

ln ( 0.658 ) −ln ⁡( 0.64)

γ= =1,340
ln ( 0.658 )−ln ⁡(0.645)

ln ( 0.654 )−ln ⁡(0.64)

γ= =1 ,275
ln ( 0.654 )−ln ⁡(0.643)

ln ( 0.655 ) −ln ⁡( 0.64)

γ= =1,252
ln ( 0.655 )−ln ⁡(0.643)
 Nº h1 (mm) H3 (mm) P1 (mmHg) P3 (mmHg) CP
γ=
CV
1 338 218 0.657 0.645 1,422
2 315 196 0.656 0.643 1,234
3 302 179 0.654 0.641 1,077
4 353 182 0.660 0.641 1,053
5 331 232 0.657 0.647 1,710
6 332 214 0.658 0.645 1,340
7 304 202 0.654 0.643 1,275
8 306 194 0.655 0.643 1,252
PROMEDI 322.625 202.125 0,656 0,643 1,295
O

Calculo de γ
Cp ln ( P1 ) −ln ⁡( P 2)
γ= =
Cv ln ( P 1 ) −ln ⁡(P 3)

¿ P1−¿ P2 ¿ ( 0,656 ) ( atm )−¿ ( 0 ,64 ) ( atm )

γ= = =1,295
¿ P1−¿ P3 ¿ ( 0,656 ) ( atm )−¿ ( 0,643 ) ( atm )

Para el diagrama P-V necesitamos calcular T 2 y V2 para lo cual utilizaremos la siguiente

expresión:

P1 V γ =P2 V γ ....................(1)
1 2

()
1
T2 V1 C
= .......................(2)
T1 V2
1
=γ−1...........................(3)
C
Para el V2 reemplazamos datos en la ecuación (1):

V 2=
√
γ P1
(V )
P2 1
γ

V 2=
√
1.295 0,656
0 , 64
( 2 L )=2 , 0 4 L
Para la T2, primero reemplazamos la ecuación (3) en la (2) y luego reemplazamos datos:

( )
γ−1
V1
T 2= × T1
V2

( )
1,295−1
2 ( L)
T 2= × 289.15° K
2 , 04 ( L )

T 2=287.46 ° K

Para calcular λ tenemos:

λ=2.6 σ...........( 4)

(
√γ− γ )
__ 2

σ=
∑ .............(5)
n(n−1)

∑ ( γ−γ )
__ 2

Primero calcularemos:

Nº γ γ ( γ −γ )2
−4
1 1,422 1,295 2 , 56× 10
−6
2 1,234 1,295 9.00 ×10
−3
3 1,077 1,295 2 , 20× 10
−3
4 1,053 1,295 3 , 36 ×10
5 1,710 1,295 0,029
−6
6 1,340 1,295 4 , 00 ×10
−5
7 1,275 1,295 1 , 60× 10
−6
8 1,252 1,295 1 , 00× 10
−3
PROMEDI 4 , 35× 10
O

Reemplazamos el valor en la ecuación (5):

σ=
√ 4 , 35 ×10−3
8× 7
=0.0088

Y por último reemplazamos en la ecuación (4):

 λ =2 . 6 σ . . . . . . . . . . . ( 4 )

√ ( )
__ 2

σ =
∑ γ− γ
. .. . .. .. . .. ..( 5 )
n ( n −1 )

γ =2 , 6 ×0.0088
Por tanto nuestro índice adiabático será:

γ=1 . 574±0. 0738

γ =1.295 ± 0.008

DATOD FINALES PARA LA GRAFICA

Nº T 1(° K ) T 2(° K ) V 1 ( L) V 2 ( L)
1 289.15 287.46 2 2 , 04

Calculo de γ
¿ P1−¿ P2 ¿ ( 0,656 ) ( atm )−¿ ( 0 ,64 ) ( atm )
γ= = =1,295
¿ P1−¿ P3 ¿ ( 0,656 ) ( atm )−¿ ( 0,643 ) ( atm )

Cálculos para hallar Cp y Cv :

C P −CV =R

C P =R +CV (1)
CP
γ= (2)
CV

C P =γ C V (3)
Remplazando 1 en 3:
R+C V =γ C V
R=γ C V −C V

R=CV ( γ−1 )
R
CV=
( γ −1 )

Remplazando valores:
 cal
1,989
mol K
CV=
( 1,295−1 )

C V =6,742
[ cal
mol K ]
Remplazando 4 en 3

C P =γ C V

C P =1,295∗6,742(4)

C P =8,731
[ cal
mol K ]
Calculo para

∆ U =C v ( T 2−T 1 )

(
∆ U = 6,742
cal
mol K )
∗( 287.46−289.15 ) ° K

∆ U =−11,364
[ ]
cal
mol

∆ H =C P ( T 2 −T 1 )

(
∆ H = 8,731
cal
mol K )
∗( 287.46−289.15 ) ° K

∆ U =−14,755
[ ]
cal
mol
Calculo del rendimiento

γ experimental
%R= ∗100 %
γ teorico

1,295
%R= ∗100 %
1 ,3
%R=99 , 6