TANGKI PENAMUNG H3PO4

Fungsi : Menampung dan mengatur rate gliserol yang akan

Bentuk : Silinder tegak, tutup atas standard dished dan tutup bawah flat

Data design
Bahan : Carbon Steel SA-240 Grade C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Faktor Pengelasan : 2/16
Allowable stress (f) : 18750 psig
Pengelasan : Double Welding Butt Joint
Waktu tinggal : 3 hari
: 3 x 24 jam = 72 jam

Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu Operasi : 30 ◦C 303.15 ◦K
Tekanan : 1 atm 14.69

Perhitungan Design
BM H3PO4 = 97.994 gr/mol

Data ρ H3PO4
A B C D
0.40851 0.13889 1030 0.15872
Sumber : Chemcad

𝐴
ρ H3PO4 =
𝑇 𝐷
𝐵^[1 + (1 − ) ]
𝐶

= 0.40851
303.15 0.15872
0.13889^[1 + (1 − 1030 ) ]
= 4.166827089 kmol/m3
 4.166827089
= 97.994

= 408.3240538 kg/m3
= 408.3240538 kg/m3 x 0.062428
= 25.49085403 lb/ft3

Rate feed H3PO4 = 3.119281 kg/jam

Rate feed H3PO4
Volume liquid dalam tangki (VL) = ρ H3PO4

3.119281
= 408.3240538

= 0.5500245 m3
= 0.5500245 x 35.315 ft3
= 19.424115 ft3

Menentukan Volume Storage (VT)

Tangki Penampung VL = 80% VT
Volume Storage (VT) = Volume Liquid (VL) + Volume Ruang Kosong (VRK)
VRK = 20% VT, Sehingga :
VT = VL + VRK
VT = 19.42 + 0.2
0.8 VT = 19.42 ft3
VT = 19.42 x 12 inch
= 291.36173 inch

Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

Tangki berbentuk silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standard dished dan tutup bawah flat
Dimensi tinggi liquid dalam silinder / diameter bejana ( Lls / D ) = 1 1/5
VT = Vdished + Vsilinder
η Di2 Lls
24.28014386 = 0.0847 di3 + 4
24.28014386 = 1.0267 di3
24.28014386
di3 = 1.0267

di3 = 23.648723 ft3

di = 23.648723 ^1/3
= 2.8703569 ft
= 34.444283 inch

Lls = 1 1/5 x di
= 1 1/5 x 34.444283
= 3.4444283 ft
= 41.333139 inch

Poperasi = 14.7 psia

𝜌 𝑥 𝐿𝑙𝑠
Pliquid = 25.49085403
144

25.49085403 𝑥 3.4444283
= 144

= 0.6097 psia
Palat = Poperasi + Pliquid
= (14.7 + 0.6097) -14.7
= 0.6097 psig

P alat x di
Tebal silinder (ts) = 2(fE−0.6 Palat) + 𝐶

0.6097 x 2.8703569 2
= 2(18750 x 0.8 −0.6 x 0.6097) + 16
2.0112
= inch
16
3
= 16 inch (brownell, hal:89)
16
Standarisasi ts = 0.1257 x 16
 2.0112
= 16
3
= 16 brownell, hal:89)

do = di + 2ts
3
= 34.444283 + 2 (16)

= 34.8193 inch
Standarisasi do = 36 inch (brownell, hal:89)

dibaru = do – 2ts
3
= 36 – 2(16)

= 35.625 in
= 2.96875 ft

VT = V2 + V3
𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑖2 𝑥 𝐿𝑠
24.28 = + 0.0847 di3
4
3.14 𝑥 2.96875^2 𝑥 𝐿𝑠
24.28 = + 0.0847 (2.96875)
4

Ls = 3.1890895 ft
= 38.269073 in

Tinggi tutup atas (ha) = 0.169 x di

= 6.020625 inch
= 0.5017188 ft
Tinggi total bejana (H) = Ls + ha
= 38.269073 + 6.020625
= 44.289698 inch
Volume Liquid dalam silinder = Volume H3PO4
 = 19.424115 ft3

Menentukan Dimensi Tutup Atas (tha)

do = 36 inch
ts = 3/16 inch
r = 36 inch (brownell, hal:89)
0.885 x Pi x r
tha = 2(fE−0.1 Pi) + 𝐶

= 0.125647538 inch
16
Standarisasi tha = 0.125647538 x 16
3
= 16 inch (brownell, hal:89)

Perhitungan Diameter Nozzle

Laju alir liquid keluar = 3.1193 kg/jam
= 6.8780 lb/jam
ρ liquid = 408.3241 kg/m3
= 25.4909 lb/ft3
𝑚
Volumetrik (V) = 𝜌

6.8780
= 25.4909

= 0.2698 ft3/jam
= 0.0001 ft3/s

Data Viskositas H3PO4

A B C D E
-515.08 26794 74.366 -2.16E-26 10
Sumber : Chemcad

𝐵
Viskositas = exp (A + + c . ln (T) + 𝐷𝑇𝐸 )
𝑇
 = 0.1507637 pascal-sec
= 0.1507637 kg/m s
= 0.101374 lb/ft s

Jika nozzle dibuat dari pipa,sch 40,maka:

Di, opt = 3.9 x Qf^0.45 x ρ^0.13 (Timmerhaus 4th, hal 496)
= 3.9 x 0.0001^0.45 x 25.4909^0.13
= 0.082707305 inch
Standarisasi = 0.405 inch (Appendix A.5 Geankoplis)
A = 0.00040 ft2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑘
v = 𝐴

= 0.1874 ft/sec
di (standarisasi) = 0.2690 in
= 0.0224 ft
𝑑𝑥𝑣𝑥𝜌
Nre = 𝜇

= 1.056197726

TANGKI PENAMUNG H2SO4

Fungsi : Menampung dan mengatur rate H2SO4
Bentuk : Silinder tegak, tutup atas standard dished dan tutup bawah flat

Data design
Bahan : Carbon Steel SA-240 Grade C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Faktor Pengelasan : 2/16
Allowable stress (f) : 18750 psig
Pengelasan : Double Welding Butt Joint
Waktu tinggal : 3 hari
: 3 x 24 jam = 72 jam

Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu Operasi : 30 ◦C 303.15 ◦K
Tekanan : 1 atm 14.69

Perhitungan Design
BM H2SO4 = 98 gr/mol

Data ρ H3PO4
A B C D
0.8322 0.19356 925 0.2857
Sumber : Chemcad

𝐴
ρ H2SO4 =
𝑇 𝐷
𝐵^[1 + (1 − ) ]
𝐶

= 0.8322
303.15 0.2857
0.19356^[1 + (1 − ) ]
925
= 6.73059677 kmol/m3
= 659.598483 kg/m3
= 41.1774141 lb/ft3

Rate feed H2SO4 = 3.119281 kg/jam

Rate feed H3PO4
Volume liquid dalam tangki (VL) = ρ H3PO4

3.119281
= 659.598483

= 0.340492342 m3
= 12.02448704 ft3
Menentukan Volume Storage (VT)
Tangki Penampung VL = 80% VT
Volume Storage (VT) = Volume Liquid (VL) + Volume Ruang Kosong (VRK)
VRK = 20% VT, Sehingga :
VT = VL + VRK
VT = 12.02 + 0.2 VT
0.8 VT = 12.02 ft3
VT = 15.0306088 x 12 inch
= 180.36731 inch

Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

Tangki berbentuk silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standard dished dan tutup bawah flat
Dimensi tinggi liquid dalam silinder / diameter bejana ( Lls / D ) = 1 1/5
VT = Vdished + Vsilinder
η Di2 Lls
15.0306088 = 0.0847 di3 + 4

15.0306088 = 1.0267 di3

di3 = 14.63972806 ft3
di = 14.63972806 ^1/3
= 2.446307254 ft
= 29.35568705 inch

Lls = 1 1/5 x di
= 1 1/5 x 29.35568705
= 2.935568705ft
= 35.22682446 inch

Poperasi = 14.7 psia

𝜌 𝑥 𝐿𝑙𝑠
Pliquid = 144
 = 0.8394 psia
Palat = Poperasi + Pliquid
= (14.7 + 0.8394) -14.7
= 0.8394psig

P alat x di
Tebal silinder (ts) = 2(fE−0.6 Palat) + 𝐶

= 0.125821437
3
= 16 inch (brownell, hal:89)
16
Standarisasi ts = 0.1258 x 16
2.0131
= 16
3
= 16 brownell, hal:89)

do = di + 2ts
= 29.7307 inch
Standarisasi do = 30 inch (brownell, hal:89)

dibaru = do – 2ts
3
= 30 – 2(16)

= 29.625 in
= 2.46875ft

VT = V2 + V3
𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑖2 𝑥 𝐿𝑠
15.03 = + 0.0847 di3
4

Ls = 2.875239618 ft
= 34.50287542 in
Tinggi tutup atas (ha) = 0.169 x di
= 5.006625 inch
= 0.41721875 ft
Tinggi total bejana (H) = Ls + ha
= 34.50287542 + 5.006625
= 5.006625 inch
Volume Liquid dalam silinder = Volume H2SO4
= 12.0245 ft3

Menentukan Dimensi Tutup Atas (tha)

do = 30 inch
ts = 3/16 inch
r = 36 inch (brownell, hal:89)
0.885 x Pi x r
tha = 2(fE−0.1 Pi) + 𝐶

= 0.125891489 inch
16
Standarisasi tha = 0.125891489 x 16
3
= 16 inch (brownell, hal:89)

Perhitungan Diameter Nozzle

Laju alir liquid keluar = 3.1193 kg/jam
= 6.8780 lb/jam
ρ liquid = 659.5985 kg/m3
= 41.1774 lb/ft3
𝑚
Volumetrik (V) = 𝜌

= 0.1670 ft3/jam
= 4.63982E-0 5ft3/s
 Data Viskositas H3PO4
A B C D E
-179.84 10694 24.611 0 0
Sumber : Chemcad

𝐵
Viskositas = exp (A + + c . ln (T) + 𝐷𝑇𝐸 )
𝑇

= 0.019626484 pascal-sec
= 0.019626484 kg/m s
= 0.013196907 lb/ft s

Jika nozzle dibuat dari pipa,sch 40,maka:

Di, opt = 3.9 x Qf^0.45 x ρ^0.13 (Timmerhaus 4th, hal 496)
= 0.070940782 inch
Standarisasi = 0.405 inch (Appendix A.5 Geankoplis)
A = 0.00040 ft2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑘
v = 𝐴

= 0.1160 ft/sec
di (standarisasi) = 0.2690 in
= 0.0224 ft
𝑑𝑥𝑣𝑥𝜌
Nre = 𝜇

= 8.113336495
CONDENSOR
Fungsi : Mengembunkan sebagian uap yang keluar dari puncak menara distilasi
Jenis : Double pipe heat exchanger

Data yang diketahui :

Fluida Dingin : Cooling Water

Fluida Panas : Keluaran Condensor

T1 (hot) : 77.55 ◦C 171.59 ◦F

T2 (hot) : 72.1 ◦C 161.78 ◦F
t1 (cold) : 30 ◦C 86 ◦F
t2(cold) : 45◦C 113 ◦F
Rd : 0.0047 J.ft2.F/Btu
d Hot : 10 psi
d Cold : 10 psi
massa Hot : 2280.236136 kg /jam
: 5027.05419 lb/jam
massa Cold : 341.8660858 kg /jam
: 753.68481 lb/jam
Q hot fluid : 32334.8252936919 kJ/jam
: 30647.49711 Btu/jam
1. Properties of fluida
Properti Cold Fluid Hot Fluid
T av (F) 99.5 166.685
Cp (Btu/lb.F) 0.9974 47.588
miu (cps) 0.691 0.011
k (Btu/hr.ft2.(F/ft2)) 0.36225 0.135725
 2. Heat Balance
Cp air pendingin = 1 Btu/lb°F (Kern, 1950)
Q cooling water = 30647.49711 Btu/jam
Cp metanol (l) = 0.622 Btu/lb°F (Kern, 1950)
𝑄 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑄 𝑢𝑎𝑝
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑚 × 1,00 (113 − 86)℉ = 30647.4971
𝑗𝑎𝑚

m = 1135.092485 lb/jam

3. Menghitung LMTD
Cold
Hot Fluid Fluid Difference
171.59 Higher Temp 113 58.59 = ∆t2 = ∆th
161.78 Lower Temp 86 75.78 = ∆t1 = ∆tc
∆𝑇 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
∆𝑡2 − ∆𝑡1
=
∆𝑡
ln (∆𝑡2 )
ΔLMTD 1 = 66.81687 ◦F

4. Caloric Temperature
Range temp. oil = T1- T2
= 171.59 ◦F - 161.78 ◦F
= 9.81◦F
Δtc/ Δth = Δt1/ Δt2
= 1.293394777 ◦F
Nilai Kc = 0.134 (Kern, 1950)
Nilai Fc = 0.48 (Kern, 1950)
𝑇𝑐 = 𝑇2 + 𝐹𝑐 × (𝑇2 - 𝑇1 )

Tc = 157.07 ◦F
𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡1 + 𝐹𝑐 × (𝑡2 -𝑡1 )
 tc = 98.96 ◦F

5. Tral Ukuran DPHE

ukuran
Flow Area (in2) Diameter equivalen
DPHE
(in2) Anulus Pipe de de'
2 x 1 1/4 1.19 1.5 0.915 0.4
2 1/2 x 1
2.63 1.5 2.02 0.81
1/4
3x2 2.93 3.25 1.57 0.68
4x3 3.14 7.38 1.14 0.53
Trial 1 :
Ukuran 2 x 1 ¼
aan = 1.19 in = 0.008263889 ft2
de = 0.915 in = 0.07625 ft2
de’ = 0.4 in = 0.033333333 ft2

Dimnesi Pipa
nominal
Diameter nomor Diameter flow Luas/satuan panjang
pipe
size
luar (do) scedule dalam (di) area ft2/ft
(IPS)
in in in in2 dalam Luar
40 1.38 1.5 0.362
1 1/4 1.66 0.345
80 1.278 1.28 0.335
40 2.067 3.35 0.542
2 2.38 0.622
80 1.93 2.95 0.508
40 2.469 4.79 0.647
2 1/2 2.88 0.753
80 2.323 4.23 0.609
40 3.068 7.18 0.804
3 3.5 0.917
80 2.9 6.61 0.76
40 4.026 12.7 1.055
4 4.5 1.178
80 3.826 11.5 1.002
dop = 1.66 inch = 0.138333333 ft
dip = 1.38 inch = 0.115 ft
a” = 0.345 ft
 ap = 1.5 inch2 = 0.010416667 ft2
6. Evaluasi Perpindahan Panas

Bagian Anulus ( cold fluid) Bagian Pipa ( Hot fluid)

A. Mencari Nre A. Mencari Nre
Gan = 91202.1955 lb/ft2. hr Gan = 482597.2 lb/ft2. hr
Nre = 252737.2819 Nre = 33188.62
B. Mencari faktor panas jH B. Mencari faktor panas jH
jH = 560 Btu/J.ft2.°F jH = 105 Btu/J.ft2.°F
C. Menghitung C. Menghitung

1 3 2.128814458 1.663609765
𝐶𝑝 2,42 𝐶𝑝 2,42 1 3
( ) ( )

D. Menghitung koefisien perpindahan

D. Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas panas
ho/φa 2122.002252 Btu/hr.ft2.°F hi/φp 457.4275 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
φa 1 hio/φp 380.2711 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
ho 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.°F tw °F
μw cp
φp 1
hi 457.4275 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
hio 380.2711 Btu/hr.ft2.°F

Rumus :
Anulus (Hot Fluid = uap) Pipe (Cold Fluid = air pendingin)
𝑚 𝑚
= =
𝑎 𝑎
Menghitung Reynold Number :
× 𝑑𝑒 × 𝑑𝑖
𝑒 = 𝑒 =
× 2,42 × 2,42
Mencari faktor panas,JH dari grafik kern
Menghitung :
1 3 1 3
𝐶𝑝. 𝐶𝑝.
= =

Menghitung Koefisien Perpindahan panas:

1 3 0,14 1 3 0,14
𝐶𝑝. 𝐶𝑝.
= 𝑖=
𝑑𝑒 𝑑 𝑝
𝑖 𝑑𝑖𝑝
.
𝑝 𝑑 𝑝
7. Menghitung Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
Uc = 𝑖 .
𝑖 +
= 303.364041 Btu/hr.ft2.°F

8. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)

1 1
= + 𝑅𝑑
𝑈𝑃 𝑈𝐶

Ud = 125.0567509 Btu/hr.ft2.°F

9. Required Surface and Length

𝑄
𝐴=
𝑈𝑃. ∆𝑇𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

A = 3.66776726 ft2
𝐴
𝐿=
𝑎′′
L = 10.63120945 ft, dipilih hair pin dengan Panjang 12 ft
L
Jumlah hairpin = 2 𝑥 𝑗 𝑔 ℎ 𝑖𝑟 𝑖
= 0.44296706 ; pembulatan = 1 hairpin
maka L baru = 24 ft

10. Actual Design

A actual = Lbaru x a’’
= 8.28 ft2
Q
Ud actual =𝐴 𝑐𝑡𝑢 𝑙 𝑥 𝛥𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
=55.39602132 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Uc−Ud
Rd = 𝑈𝑐 𝑥 𝑈𝑑
= 0.014755468
 11. Menghitung Pressure Drop

Bagian Anulus (hot fluid) Bagian Pipa (cold fluid)

A. Menghitung
Nre A. Menghitung Nre
Gan 91202.1955 lb/ft2. hr Gap 482597.2 lb/ft2. hr
Nre 110486.2435 Nre 33188.62
B. Menghitung
friksi B. Menghitung friksi
f= 0.005511011 f= 0.006833
C. Mencari AP C. Mencari AP
karena panjang karena panjang
anulus anulus
s 0.82 s 1
ρ 62.5 lb/ft3 ρ 62.5 lb/ft3
s.ρ 51.25 lb/ft3 s.ρ 62.5 lb/ft3
Afa 0.060122959 ft Afp 0.406785 ft
v 0.494320843 fps APp 0.176556 psi
Ft 0.003794303 ft
Apa 0.022748331 psi