Appendix C1

APPENDIX C
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT
1. Tangki Penampung CPO
F-111
Fungsi : Menampung CPO

Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas konis (α=1200) dan tutup bawah flat
Material : Plate steel SA - grade A type 410
Densitas :
Komponen xi (%) ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Trigliserida 95.62 875.1 836.77
FFA 4 875.1 35.00
Air 0.2 988 1.98
Fosfatida 0.07 875.1 0.61
Karoten 0.04 875.1 0.35
Aldehid 0.07 875.1 0.61
Total 100 875.33
Didapatkan ρcampuran = 875.33 kg/m3

54.647 lb/ft3
Rate massa masuk : 20697.469 kg/jam
: 45629.640 lb/jam
Waktu tinggal : 5 hari
: 120 jam
Jumlah tangki : 10 buah
Ls : 1.5 d
Rate volumetrik : rate massa masuk
densitas
: 45629.640 lb/jam
54.647 lb/ft3
: 834.995 ft /jam
3
Volume liquid : (rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal)/18tangki

: ( 834.995 x 120 )/ 10 tangki
: 10019.942 ft3
Volume tangki : volume liquid
90%
: 10019.942 ft3
90%
: 11133.269 ft3
Menghitung diameter tangki (di)
Volume total tangki : Volume tutup atas + volume silinder + volume tutup bawah
11133.269 ft3
: ∏/24 1/tg 1/2 α di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0 tg 1/2α = tan 600
11133.269 ft3 : 0.0755 di3 + ∏/4di21,5di = 1.732
11133.269 ft3
: 0.0755 di3
+ 1.1775 di3
11133.269 ft3 : 1.2530 di3

22.329 ft : 1.078 di
di : 22.329 ft
1.078
: 20.712 ft
: 248.542 in
Menghitung tinggi liquid dalam tangki (Llt)

Volume liquid dalam silinde : Volume liquid total - Volume tutup bawah
: 10019.942 ft3 - 0 ft3
: 10019.942 ft3
Volume liquid dalam silinde : ∏/4di2Llt

10019.942 ft3 : 3,14 x 19,0012 x Llt
4
10019.942 ft3 : 336.751 Llt
Llt : 29.755 ft
: 9.069 m
Menghitung tebal dan tinggi silinder

P design = (P operasi + P hidrostatis) x 1,05
= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.647 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 29.755 ft
= 52314.841 lb/ft.s
= 52314.841 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 11.153 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 11.153 ) x 1.05

= 27.146089 psia
= 1.846 atm
Bahan konstruksi yaitu Plate Stell SA - Grade A type 410
Brownell App D hal 342
Dimana
ts : tebal silinder (in)
Pi : P design (psia)
E : efisiensi sambungan (%) = 80% double welded butt joint
di : diameter dalam tangki (in)
f : allowable stress (Psia) = 16250 psia
C : faktor korosif = 1/8 (korosif)
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 27.146 x 248.542 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 27.146 )
= 0.260 + 1/8
= 0.385 in
ts standard = 0.385 x 16
16
= 6.157 in ≈ 6 = 3/8 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 248.542 + ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 249.292 in
= 6.332 m
Digunakan OD standard = 228 in Brownell tabel 5.7 hal 91
di standard = OD standard - 2 ts standard
= 228 - ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.250 in
= 18.938 ft
Ls = 1,5 di standard
= 1.5 x 18.938
= 28.406 ft
= 340.875 in
= 8.658 m
Menghitung tebal tutup berbentuk konis (th)

th = Pi di + C cos 1/2α = cos 60
2 cos 1/2α (f E - 0,1 Pi) = 0.5
= 27.146 x 227.250 + 1/8
2 x 0.5 x ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 27.146089 )
= 0.475 + 1/8
= 0.600 in
th standard = 0.600 x 16
16
= 9.602 ≈ 10 = 5/8 in
16 16
Menghitung tinggi tutup berbentuk konis (h)

h = 1/2 di
tg 1/2α
= 113.625
1.732
= 65.603 in
Tinggi tutup atas = 5/8 + 65.603
= 66.228 in
Menghitung tebal tutup flat head
th = √ nilai C (flanged flat head) dengan butt welded :
C x De x(
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/
th 𝑓
= 0.45 x 227.250 x√(26,205
) /16250)
th = 4.180 in
Total tinggi tangki = tinggi tutup atas + th + Ls

= 66.228 + 4.180 + 340.875
= 411.283 in
= 10.447 m
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Menampung minyak CPO
Kapasitas : 45629.640 lb/jam
Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standart dished dan tutup bawah flat
Ukuran : Diameter outside : 249.292 in
Tebal silinder (ts) : 3/8 in
Tebal tutup atas : 5/8 in
Tebal tutup bawah : 4.180 in
Total tinggi tangki : 10.447 m
Jumlah : 10 buah
2. Pompa (L-114)
F-111 E-115
L-114 M-110
Fungsi : Mengalirkan CPO ke tangki Bleacher

Type : Centrifuge Pump
Rate bahan masuk : 20697.469 kg/jam
45629.640 lb/jam
Laju alir xi xi/ρi Q

Komponen ρ (kg/m3)
(kg/jam) (%) (m3/kg) (m /jam)
3
Trigliserida 19790.920 95.62 875.1 0.001 22.616

FFA 827.899 4 875.1 5E-05 0.946
Air 41.395 0.2 988 2E-06 0.042
Fosfatida 14.488 0.07 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Karoten 8.279 0.04 875.1 5E-07 0.009
Aldehid 14.488 0.07 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Total 20697.469 100 23.646
Rumus : Perry 5th ed, hal 3-247

μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
μm = Vislositas campuran
μL = Viskositas pelarut
Qs = Fraksi mol solid
Qs = Σ laju volumetrik solid (Q)
= 0 ((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
μPelarut
μCPO = 24 Cp
μAir = 0.656 Cp pada suhu 400C App A. 2-4 Geankoplis ed 4th
μTotal = 24.656 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
24.656 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 24.656 Cp
= 0.017 lb/ft.s
= 0.025 N.s/m2
Rate volumetrik (qf = Rate bahan masuk

Densitas
= 45629.640 lb/jam
54.647 lb/ft3
= 834.995 ft3/jam
= 0.232 ft3/s
Asumsi : Aliran turbulent
DI Optimum = 3,9 x qf0,45 x ρ0,13
= 3.9 x 0.232 0,45
x 54.647 0,13
= 3.399 in
= 0.283 ft
Berdasarkan Appendix A.5 Geankoplis, didapatkan :

Nominal diameter : 8 in
Schedule number : 40
ID : 7.981 in
: 0.665 ft
OD : 8.625 in
: 0.719 ft
Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik
Cek kecepatan aliran
V1 = Qf1 = Qf1
A1 π/4 x OD2
= 0.232 ft3/s
3,14/4 x 0.719 2
ft2
= 0.572 ft/s
V2 = Qf2 = Qf2
A2 π/4 x ID2
= 0.232 ft3/s
3,14/4 x 0.665 2 ft2
= 0.668 ft/s
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V2 x ρ
μ
= 0.665 x 0.668 x 54.647
0.017
= 1469.6076 (laminer)
Menghitung total friction loses, yang meliputi :

1. Sudden contraction
Berdasarkan pers 2.10-16 hal 93, Geankoplis ed. 3 diperoleh
A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 -
A1 )
Karena A2 > A1, maka A2 dianggap 0 dan α = 1/2 (laminar)
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
gc = 32.174 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
hc = Kc x V2 2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 0.668 2
2 x 1/2 x 32.174
= 0.008 lbf.ft/lbm
2. Friksi pada pipa lurus

Menghitung panjang pipa
a. Panjang pipa dari tangki F-111 ke pompa L-114 = 2 m = 6.562 ft
b. Panjang pipa dari pompa L-114 ke elbow = 2 m = 6.562 ft
c. Panjang pipa dari elbow ke heater E-115 = 2 m = 6.562 ft
d. Panjang pipa dari heater E-115 ke tangki degumming F-11 = 2 m = 6.562 ft
Total panjang pipa lurus = 8 m = 26.248 ft
Digunakan :
1 buah elbow 900 : Kf = 0.75 (Geankoplis 3th, tabel 2.10-2)
Le/D = 35
1 gate valve : Kf = 0.17 (Geankoplis 3th, tabel 2.10-2)
Le/D = 9
1 buah elbow 900 = n x Le/D x ID
= 1 x 35 x 0.665
= 23.278 ft
1 gate valve = n x Le/D x ID
= 1 x 9 x 0.665
= 5.986 ft
Panjang ekuivalen = 1 gate valve + 1 buah elbow 900
= 29.264 ft
Friction loss
Bahan pipa = Comercial stell
Total panjang pipa lurus = 26.248 ft
ID = 0.665 ft = 0.203 m
Nre = 1469.6076
Ԑ (pipa comerciall stell) = 4.6.E-05 m (Geankoplis 3th, fig 2.10-3)
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.203 m
= 0.0002 m
Dari nilai Nre = 1469.6076 diperoleh nilai f = 0.011 (Geankoplis 3th, fig 2.10-3)
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V22
2 x gc x D
= 4 x 0.011 x 26.248 x 0.668 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.665
= 0.012 lbf.ft/lbm
3. Friksi pada elbow dan valve

hf untuk 1 buah valve hf untuk 1 buah elbow 900
hf = n x Kf x V22 hf = n x Kf x V22
2 x α x gc 2 x α x gc
= 1 x 0.17 x 0.668 2
= 1 x 0.75 x 0.668 2
2 x 1/2 x 32.174 2 x 1/2 x 32.174

= 0.002 lbf.ft/lbm = 0.010 lbf.ft/lbm
Σhf = 0.002 + 0.010
= 0.013 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
Karena A2>A1 maka A2/A1 = 0
K ex = 1 - A1
( A2 )
= 1
H ex = Kex x V22
2 x gc
= 1 x 0.668 2
2 x 32.174
= 0.007 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi total
Σf = hc + Ff + hf + Hex
= 0.008 + 0.012 + 0.013 + 0.007
= 0.039 lbf.ft/lbm
Menghitung Ws
Persamaan mechanical energy balance for pump system
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
Geankoplis 3 rd, hal 64
P1 = Tekanan keluar dari tangki F-111
P2 = Tekanan masuk dari tangki M-110
∆P = 0 psi
∆Z = 2.88 m = 9.449 ft
ΣF = 0.039 lbf.ft/lbm
V2 = 0.668 ft/s
V1 = 0.572 ft/s
α = 1/2
ρ = 54.647 lb/ft3
0.668 2 - 0.572 2 + 9.449 x 32.174 + 0 + 0.039 + Ws = 0

2 x 1/2 x 32.174 32.174 54.647
0.004 + 9.449 + 0 + 0.039 + Ws = 0
Ws = -9.492 lbf.ft/lbm
Kapasitas = Rate bahan masuk = 45629.640 = 834.995 ft3/jam

ρ 54.647
= 86.840 gal/min
Dari data kapasitas didapat nilai effisiensi pom = 40%

Timmerhause, fig 1437 hal 520
Wp = -Ws = 9.492 = 23.731 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 40%
BHP = m x Wp dimana m = Rate bahan masuk = 45629.64 lbm/jam

= 12.675 x 23.731 = 12.675 lbm/s
= 300.786 lbf.ft/s
= 0.541 hp
Digunakan 3 motor phase
ƞ motor = 80% Timmerhause, fig 1438 hal 521
WHP = BHP = 0.541
ƞ motor 80%
= 0.677 hp
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi = Mengalirkan minyak CPO dari tangki F-111 ke tangki M-110
Type = Centrifugal Pump
Kapasitas = 20697.469 kg/jam
= 45629.640 lb/jam
= 12.675 lbm/s
Ukuran Pipa = 8 in
Bahan = Commercial Steel
Jumlah = 1buah
Power = 0.677 hp
3. Heater (E-122)
130 0C
∆tc = 180 0F 266 0F
30 0C 80 0C
E-122
86 0
F 176 0F
∆th = 90 0
F
130 0C
266 0F
Diketahui
Ukuran tube = 1 1/2 in (OD, 14 BWG)
Panjang = 12 ft
Pitch = 1 7/8 in square
Rd gabungan = 0.003 jam.ft2.0F/btu
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida dingin : Minyak CPO Fluida panas : steam

Massa = 20697.469 kg/jam Massa = 524.570 kg/jam
= 45637.919 lb/hr = 1156.677 lb/hr
t1 = 86 0F T1 = 266 0F
t2 = 176 0F T2 = 266 0F
tav = 131 0
F Tav = 266 0F
Cp = 0.0004 btu/lb0F ʎ = 819.94 btu/lb0F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 2161476.046 kJ Q = 2161476.046 kJ
= 516592.775 kkal = 516592.775 kkal
= 2049840.13118 Btu = 2049840.13118 Btu
2. ∆t
Karena salah satu fluida bekerja pada keadaan isotermal maka Ft = 1, tipe 1-2
Ft = 1
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 180 = 129.84 0F
ln (∆th/∆tc) ln 90
( )
180
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 1 x 129.84
= 129.84 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Karena μsteam < 1 cp maka tc = tav dan Tc = Tav
tc = 131 0F Tc = 266 0F
Trial Ud
Ud overall = 100-200 (Tabel 8 Kern, steam - light organics)
Trial Ud = 115.58
menghitung A
A = Q = 2049840.1311762
Ud x ∆t 115.58 x 129.84
= 136.590 ft2
Dari tabel 10, Kern diperoleh
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 136.590 = 29.00 buah - 29 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Nt yang tersedia pada tabel 9 Kern yaitu 16 dengan tipe 1- dimana n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 15 1/4 in = 1.271 ft
Abaru = Nt x ao" x L = 29 x 0.3925 x 12 = 136.59 ft2
Ud koreksi = Q = 2049840.1311762 = 115.580
A x ∆t 136.59 x 129.84
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak CPO dilewatkan shell dan steam dilewatkan tube
Shell Tube
IDs = 15.3 in = 1.271 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
C = Pt - OD ID = 1.33 in (Kern tab 10)
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
as = IDs x C x B x 1 at = Nt x a'
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 15.250 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 29 x 1.400
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.5083 ft2 = 0.141 ft2
Gs = m = 45637.919 Gt = M = 1156.677
as 0.5083 at 0.1410
= 89779.513 lb/hr.ft2 = 8205.00 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 131 0F Tc = 266 0F
μ = 3.40 cp = 8.225 lb/hr.ft μ = 0.013 cp = 0.0302 lb/hr.ft
fig. 14, Kern fig. 15, Kern
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
fig. 28, Kern tab.10, Kern
Res = De x Gs Ret = ID x Gt
μ μ
= 0.124 x 89779.513 = 0.11 x 8205.00
8.225 0.0302
= 1355.400 = 30074.818
〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘
JH = 90.0
) 〗 ^(1/
tc = 131 0F
3) k = 0.097 Btu/hr.ft.0F
𝑘/𝐷𝑒
〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘fig.1, Kern
k ) 〗 ^(1/fig. 16
= 0.280
3)
ho = JH x
фs
= 90 x 0.2800
0.124
= 202.953 Btu/hr.ft2.0F hi = hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.0F
Menghitung clean overall (Uc)
Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 202.953 = 178.77
hio + ho 1500 + 202.953
Rd = Uc - Udkoreksi = 178.77 - 115.580 = 0.003 jam.ft2.0F/btu
Uc x Udkoreksi 178.77 x 115.580
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 1355.400 Ret = 30074.818
f = 0.0035 fig. 29 f = 0.0002 fig. 26
s = 0.82 fig. 6 1/ρ = 157.34 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0001
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
2.000 Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 72 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs = 0.0002 x 8205.00 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.10 .De.s.фs
10
5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.0001 2
= 4E-03 x 9.0.E+04 2 x 72 x 1.27 = 0.2746 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.8200
= 0.486 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Memanaskan minyak CPO sebelum masuk ke M-110
Kapasitas : Fluida Panas = 524.570 kg/jam
Fluida Dingin = 20697.469 kg/jam
Type : Shell n Tube 1-2
Dimensi :
Shell : Diameter dalam IDs = 15 1/4 in
Baffle = 2 in
Pt = 1 7/8 in square
Passes = 1
Preassure allowable = 0.486 psi
Tube : Outside Diameter Tub = 1 1/2
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Preassure allowable = 0.275
Jumlah : 1 buah
PFAD
2210C
V0, Ym
Lm+1, Xm+1
PFAD
DBPO 2210C
2100C
V0, Ym
Lm+1, Xm+1 V0, Y0
DBPO Steam
L 0, X0 2600C
2100C
m+1 m+1
PFAD
DBPO 2210C
2100C
V0, Ym
Lm+1, Xm+1 V0, Y0
DBPO Steam
L 0, X0 2600C
2100C
DBPO
2210C V0, Y0
Steam
L0 , X 0 2600C
DBPO
2210C
p bawah flat
Digunakan :
APPENDIX C
F-111

Densitas :

Trigliserida 95.62 875.1 836.77
FFA 4 875.1 35.00
Air 0.2 988 1.98
Fosfatida 0.07 875.1 0.61
Karoten 0.04 875.1 0.35
Aldehid 0.07 875.1 0.61
Total 100 875.326

54.647 lb/ft3
: 45996.836 lb/jam
: 48 jam
Ls : 2 d
densitas
: 45996.836 lb/jam
54.647 lb/ft3
: 841.715 ft3/jam = 23.568 m3/jam
Volume liquid : (rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal)/jumlah tangki
: ( 841.715 x 48 )/ 4 tangki
: 10100.576 ft3 = 282.816 m3
90%
: 10100.576 ft3 =
90%
: 11222.862 ft3 = 314.240 m3
11222.862 ft3
: 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0
11222.862 ft3 : 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di22di
11222.862 ft3 : 0,0847 di3 + 1.570 di3
11222.862 ft3 : 1.655 di3
22.389 ft : 1.183 di
di : 22.389 ft
1.183
: 18.929 ft
: 227.148 in

: 10100.576 ft3 - 0 ft3
: 10100.576 ft3

10100.576 ft3 : 3,14 x 18,9292 x Llt
4
10100.576 ft3 : 281.272 Llt
Llt : 35.910 ft
: 10.945 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.647 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 35.910 ft
= 63137.643 lb/ft.s
= 63137.643 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 13.461 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 13.461 ) x 1.05

= 29.569 psia
= 2.011 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 29.569 x 227.148 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 29.569 )
= 0.259 + 1/8
= 0.384 in
16
= 6.139 in ≈ 6 = 3/8 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 227.148 + ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.898 in
= 5.789 m
= 228 - ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.250 in
= 18.938 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 18.938
= 37.875 ft
= 454.500 in
= 11.544 m
Menghitung tebal tutup berbentuk standard dished (th)

th = 0,885 Pi rc + C rc = 170 (Brownell tabel 5.7 hal 91)
f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 29.569 x 170 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 29.569 )
= 0.342 + 1/8
= 0.467 in
16
= 7.476 ≈ 7 in
16 16
Menghitung tinggi tutup berbentuk standard dished (h)

BC = rc - icr icr = 13 3/4
= 170 - 13 3/4
= 156.250 in
AB = di standard - icr
2
= 227.250 - 13 3/4
2
= 99.875 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 170 - (156,250 - 99,875)0,5
= 49.837 in
sf = 1 1/2 - 3 1/2 in diambil 6 in Brownell, tabel 5.8 hal 93
Tinggi tutup atas = th + h + sf
= 0.44 + 49.837 + 6
= 56.275 in

√
th = nilai C (flanged flat head) dengan butt welded :
C x De x(
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/
th 𝑓
= 0.45 x 227.148 x√(26,258
) /16250)
th = 4.360 in

= 56.275 + 4.360 + 454.500
= 515.135 in
= 13.084 m
Spesifikasi alat
Jumlah : 4 buah
3. Heater (E-122)
130 0C
∆tc = 180 0F 266 0F
30 0C 80 0C
E-122
86 0
F 176 0F
∆th = 90 0
F
130 0C
266 0F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi

= 46005.182 lb/hr = 2326.672 lb/hr
t1 = 86 0F T1 = 266 0F
t2 = 176 0F T2 = 266 0F
tav = 131 0
F Tav = 266 0
F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 2293548.033 kJ Q = 2293548.033 kJ
= 548157.980 kkal = 548157.980 kkal
= 2175090.86419 Btu = 2175090.86419 Btu
2. ∆t
Ft = 1
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 180 = 129.84 0F
( )
180
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 1 x 129.84
= 129.84 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
tc = 131 0F Tc = 266 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 122.64
menghitung A
A = Q = 2175090.8641916
Ud x ∆t 122.64 x 129.84
= 136.590 ft2
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 136.590 = 29.00 buah - 29 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 15 1/4 in = 1.271 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 2175090.8641916 = 122.643
A x ∆t 136.59 x 129.84
4. Peletakan aliran
Shell Tube
IDs = 15.3 in = 1.271 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 15.250 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 29 x 1.400
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.5083 ft2 = 0.141 ft2
Gs = m = 46005.182 Gt = M = 2326.672
as 0.5083 at 0.1410
= 90501.997 lb/hr.ft2 = 16504.47 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 131 0F Tc = 266 0F
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
μ μ
= 0.124 x 90501.997 = 0.11 x 16504.47
8.225 0.0302
= 1366.307 = 60495.924
JH = 90.0
tc = 131 0F k = 0.097 Btu/hr.ft.0F
fig.1, Kern
k〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘 = 0.280 fig. 16
) 〗 ^(1/
3) 𝑘/𝐷𝑒
〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘
) 〗 ^(1/
3)
〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘
) 〗 ^(1/
3)
ho = JH x 𝑘/𝐷𝑒
фs 〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘
= 90 )x 〗 0.2800
^(1/
3)
0.124

Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 202.953 = 178.77
hio + ho 1500 + 202.953
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 1366.307 Ret = 60495.924
f = 0.0035 fig. 29 f = 0.00018 fig. 26
s = 0.82 fig. 6 1/ρ = 157.34 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0001
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
2.000 Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 72 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs = 0.0002 x 16504.47 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs 5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.0001 2
= 4E-03 x 9.1.E+04 x 72 x 1.27
2
= 1.0001 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.8200
= 0.494 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
4. Tangki Penampung Asam Phospat

F-112
Fungsi : Menampung Asam Phospat

Densitas :

H3PO4 85 1880 1598.00
Air 15 988 148.20
Total 100 1746.20

109.015 lb/ft3
: 27.597 lb/jam
: 240 jam
Ls : 1.5 d
densitas
: 27.597 lb/jam
109.015 lb/ft3
: 0.253 ft3/jam
: ( 0.253 x 240 )/ 1 tangki
: 60.756 ft3

90%
: 60.756 ft3
90%
: 67.507 ft3
67.507 ft3
: 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0
67.507 ft3 : 0,0848 di3 + ∏/4di21,5di
67.507 ft3 : 0,0848 di3 + 1.1775 di3
67.507 ft3 : 1.2623 di3
4.072 ft : 1.081 di
di : 4.072 ft
1.081
: 3.768 ft
: 45.211 in

: 60.756 ft3 - 0 ft3
: 60.756 ft3

60.756 ft3 : 3,14 x 19,0012 x Llt
4
60.756 ft3 : 11.143 Llt
Llt : 5.453 ft
: 1.662 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 109.015 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 5.453 ft
= 19124.452 lb/ft.s
= 19124.452 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 4.077 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 4.077 ) x 1.05

= 19.716159 psia
= 1.341 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 19.716 x 45.211 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 19.716 )
= 0.034 + 1/8
= 0.159 in
16
= 2.549 in ≈ 3 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 45.211 + ( 2 x 0.19 )
= 45.586 in
= 1.158 m
= 48 - ( 2 x 0.19 )
= 47.625 in
= 3.969 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 3.969
= 7.9375 ft
= 95.250 in
= 2.419 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 19.716 x 48 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 19.716 )
= 0.064 + 1/8
= 0.189 in
16
= 3.031 ≈ 3 in
16 16

BC = rc - icr icr = 3
= 48 - 3
= 45.000 in
2
= 47.625 - 3
2
= 20.813 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 180 - (166,252 - 99,8752)0,5
= 8.102 in
= 0.19 + 8.102 + 2
= 10.290 in

√
C x De x(
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/
th = 0.45 x 45.211𝑓 x√(26,258
) /16250)
th = 0.709 in

= 10.290 + 0.709 + 95.250
= 106.248 in
= 2.699 m
Spesifikasi alat
Jumlah : 1 buah
6. Gudang Penyimpanan Bleaching Earth
15 ft
Fungsi : Menyimpan Bleaching Earth

Type : Berbentuk persegi empat tegak, lantai rata, atap meruncing

BE 100 3950 3950.00
Total 100 3950.00
Didapatkan ρ bahan = 3950.00 kg/m3

246.599 lb/ft3
: 1380.673 lb/jam
: 240 jam
Jumlah gudang : 1 ruang
Kapasitas = Rate massa masuk x waktu tinggal
= 1380.673 x 240
= 331361.433 lb
Volume bahan = Kapasitas = 331361.433 = 1343.729 ft3
ρ bahan 246.599
Over design = 10% , maka :
Volume storage = 1,1 x Volume bahan
= 1.1 x 1343.729
= 1478.101 ft3
Menentukan tinggi storage

Panjang storage (P) = 12 ft
Lebar storage (L) = 12 ft
T = 2t
Volume storage = PLT + 1/2LtP
= PL2t + 1/2Lt
1478.101 = ( 12 x 12 x 2 t ) + ( 1/2 x 12 x t x 12 )
1478.101 = 288 t + 72 t
1478.101 = 360 t
t = 4.11 ft
T = 8.21 ft
Tinggi storage = 12.32 ft
Spesifikasi Alat
Kapasitas : 331361.432976 lb
Dimensi :
Panjang storage = 12 ft = 3.66 m
Lebar storage = 12 ft = 3.66 m
Tinggi storage = 12.32 ft = 3.76 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
7. Belt Conveyor
α
α
Fungsi : Mengangkut Bleaching Earth dari storage menuju Hopper
Type : Throughed belt on 200 idlers
Rate massa = 626.296 kg/jam

= 0.626 ton/jam
Dari buku Perry ed 7 tabel 21-7, dipilih Belt conveyor dengan,
Kapasitas maksimum = 32 ton/jam
Hp tiap 10 ft = 0.34 hp/10ft
Belt width = 14 in
Through width (A) = 9 in
Skirt Seal (D) = 2 in
Asumsi :
Jarak Belt conveyor = 20 ft
Tinggi belt = 10 ft
Slope = α
tg α = 10
20
= 0.5
α = 18,30
Panjang belt = √( 〖 10 〗
= ^2+ 〖 20 ft
22.361
Perhitungan power : 〗 ^2 )
hp/10ft, lift = 0.34 hp/10ft
Hp = 0.34 x 22.361
10
= 0.760 hp
Tambahan power tripper = 2 hp
Total power = 2.760 hp
Luas area belt conveyor = 0.11 ft2 = 0.010 m2
Spesifikasi :
Kapasitas maksimum : 32 ton/jam
Belt width : 14 in
Through width (A) : 9 in
Skirt Seal (D) : 2 in
Belt speed : 100 ft/min
Luas area belt conveyor : 0.11 ft2 = 0.010 m2
Panjang belt : 22.361 ft
Sudut elevasi : 18,30
Power : 2.760 hp
Jumlah : 1 buah
8. Hopper Bleaching Earth
inlet Fungsi : Menampung Bleaching Earth sementara sebelum masuk

tangki bleacher
Type : Silinder dengan tutup bawah konical dengan posisi vertikal
Kondisi operasi :
Tekanan = 1 atm
Suhu operasi = 30 0C
outlet Waktu tinggal = 1 jam
ρ bahan = 3950.00 kg/m3

= 246.599 lb/ft3
= 1380.673 lb/jam
Rate volumetrik = Rate massa = 1380.673 = 5.599 ft3/jam
ρ bahan 246.599
Menentukan kapasitas tangki

Direncanakan penyimpanan selama 1 jam dengan 1 buah tangki, maka:
Volume bahan = Rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal
= 5.599 x 1
= 5.599 ft3
Diasumsikan bahan mengisi 90% Hopper maka:
Volume tangki = 5.599 = 6.221 ft3
90%
= 0.174 m3
Menentukan dimensi tangki

Asumsi dimensi ratio : H/D = 2
Volume silinder = 1/4∏D2H
= 1/4∏D22D
= 1.57 D3
Volume tutup bawah = ∏ D3 (Hesse : 92)
24 tg α α = 30 0
= 3.14 x D3
24 x tg 30
= 0.227 D3
Volume tangki = Volume silinder + Volume tutup bawah
6.221 ft3 = 1.57 D3 + 0.227 D3
6.221 ft3 = 1.797 D3
D3 = 3.462 ft3
D = 1.513 ft
= 18.153 in
= 0.454 m
H = 2 x 1.513
= 3.026 ft
= 36.306 in
= 0.908 m
Menentukan ukuran tangki dan ketebalannya

Tinggi conical :
H = tg α x (D-m) (Hesse : 92 pers 4-17)
2
Keterangan :
α = Sudut konis = 30 0
D = Diameter
m = flat spot = 0.8 ft
H = tg 300 x ( 1.513 - 0.8 ) = 0.206 ft
2
Volume conical = 0,262xHx(D2+Dm+m2)
= 0.262 x 0.206 x 4.139
= 0.223 ft3
Volume silinder = 6.221 - 0.223
= 5.998 ft3
Volume silinder = 0,25∏D2H
5.998 = 0.25 x 3.14 x 1.513 2
x H
5.998 = 1.796 H
H = 3.339 ft
Tinggi tangki = 0.206 + 3.339
= 3.544 ft
= 1.081 m
Menentukan P design dalam tangki

P operasi = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
Tekanan over design yang digunakan 5-10% dari kerja normal
Tekanan design dipilih 5% dari tekanan operasi Hopper untuk faktor keamanan
P design = P operasi x 1.05
= 14.7 x 1.05
= 15.435 psi
Menentukan tebal minimum shell

Tebal shell berdasarkan ASME code untuk tangki silind :
ts = Pi x ri + C
fE - 0,6Pi
Dimana
ri : jari-jari dalam tangki (in)
ri = 18.153 x 0.5
= 9.077 in
ts = 15.435 x 9.077 + 1/8
16250 x 80% - 0.6 x 15.435
= 0.136 in = 1/8 in
Menentukan tebal tutup konical

Jenis = Conical
Sudut konis = 30 0
Type las = Single welded butt joint tanpa backing up strip
E = 0.8
th = Pi x Di + C
2cosα x (fE - 0,6Pi)
= 15.435 x 18.153 + 1/8
2 x 0.154 x ( 16250 x 80% - 0.6 x 15.435 )
= 280.193 + 1/8 = 0.195 in
4007.6807
Maka digunakan th = 1/5 in
Luas Hopper = 0,25xπxD2

= 0.25 x 3.14 x 1.513 2
= 1.796 ft2
= 258.69 in2
Spesifikasi :
Fungsi : Menampung Bleaching Earth sementara sebelum masuk
tangki bleacher
Kapasitas = 5.599 ft3
Diameter tangki = 1.513 ft = 0.461 m
Tinggi tangki = 3.544 ft = 1.081 m
Tebal shell = 1/8 in
Tebal head conical = 1/5 in
Diameter atas conical = 1.513 ft = 0.461 m
Diameter bawah conical = 0.8 ft = 0.244 m
Tinggi konical = 0.206 ft = 0.063 m
Cone angle = 30 0
Bahan konstruksi = Plate Stell SA - Grade A type 410
Jumlah = 1 buah
9. Cooler (E-213)
50 0C
∆th = 108 0F 122 0F
110 0C 80 0C
E-213
230 0F 176 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F
30 0C
86 0
F
Diketahui
Ukuran tube = 1 in (OD, 14 BWG)
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida panas : sparging steam Fluida dingin : cooling water

= 1438.877 lb/hr = 41110.307 lb/hr
T1 = 230 F 0 t1 = 86 0F
T2 = 176 0F t2 = 122 0F
Tav = 203 0
F tav = 104 0
F
Cp = 0.45 btu/lb0F Cp = 1 btu/lb0F
ʎ = 650 btu/lb
1. Neraca Panas
q = 1559022.550 kJ Q = 1559022.550 kJ
= 372606.389 kkal = 372606.389 kkal
= 1478502.15334 Btu = 1478502.15334 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 230 - 176 = 1.5 S = (t2-t1) = 122 - 86 = 0.25
(t2-t1) 122 - 86 (T1-t1) 230 - 86
Ft = 0.94 S-T tipe 1-2 fig.18, Kern
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 108 = 98.727 0F
( )
108
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.94 x 98.727
= 92.803 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Karena μsteam < 1 cp maka tc = tav dan Tc = Tv
tc = 104 0F Tc = 230 0F
Trial Ud
Ud overall = 200-700 (Tabel 8 Kern, steam - water)
Trial Ud = 241.48
menghitung A
A = Q = 1478502.1533376
Ud x ∆t 241.48 x 92.803
= 65.974 ft2
ao" = 0.2618 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 65.974 = 21.00 buah - 21 buah
ao" x L 0.2618 x 12
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft IDs = 8 in = 0.667 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 1478502.1533376 = 241.485
A x ∆t 65.974 x 92.803
4. Peletakan aliran
Cooling water dilewatkan tube dan steam dilewatkan shell
Shell Tube
IDs = 8.0 in = 0.667 ft OD = 1 in
B = 1.6 in = 0.133 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 1/4 - 1 a' = 0.546 in2 = 0.004 ft2
= 1/4 in = 0.0208 ft a" = 0.2618 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 8.000 x 1/4 x 1.600 x 1 = 21 x 0.546
0.104 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.2133 ft2 = 0.0398 ft2
Gs = m = 41110.307 Gt = M = 1438.88
as 0.2133 at 0.0398
= 192704.562 lb/hr.ft2 = 36141.34 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 104 0F Tc = 230 0F
De = 0.99 in = 0.083 ft ID = 0.83 in = 0.07 ft
Res = De Gs = 0.083 x 192704.6 Ret = ID Gt = 0.07 x 36141.34
μ 1.669 μ 0.030
= 9524.9123 = 83069.805
JH = 55 fig.28
k = 0.36 tab.4
cμ 0.36 x 1 x 1.67 1/3
k ( )1/3 = ( )
k 0.36
= 0.600 V = Gt = 36141.34
ho = JH x k cμ 3600 ρ 3600 x 62.5
( )1/3
фs De k = 0.161 ft/s
= 55 x 0.600 = 400.2
0.083 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F) hi = hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.0F

Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 400 = 315.91
hio + ho 1500 + 400
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 9524.9123 Ret = 83069.805
f = 0.0021 fig. 29 f = 9E-05 fig. 26
s = 1 tab.6 1/ρ = 19.382 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0008
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
1.600 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 90 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
∆Ps,f = f.Gs .(N+1).IDs
2
= 9E-05 x 36141.34 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs 5E+10 x 0.07 x 0.0008 2
= 2E-03 x 1.9.E+05 2 x 90 x 0.67 = 0.471 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.083 x 1.0000
= 1.087 psi ∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
∆Ps = 1.087 psi s 2 gc
= 4 x 2 x 0.161 2
0.0008 x 2 x 32.174
= 3.886 psi
∆Pt = ∆Pt,f + ∆Pr
= 0.471 + 3.886
= 4.357 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Dimensi :
Shell : Diameter dalam IDs = 8 in
Baffle = 1.6 in
Passes = 1
Tube : Outside Diameter Tub = 1 in
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
10. BE Filter (H-214)
Fungsi : Menyaring spent clay dari minyak DPO

Type : Leaf filter
Waktu operasi : 1 jam
Komposisi filtrat
Komponen Massa (kg) ρ (kg/m3) Xi Xi/ρi
Trigliserida 19792.911 875.1 0.9570 0.001
FFA 827.982 875.1 0.0400 4.57E-05
Air 43.262 988 0.0021 2.12E-06
Karoten 1.292 875.1 0.0001 7.14E-08
Aldehid 14.49 875.1 0.0007 8.01E-07
Gumfosfat 1.252 1880 0.0001 3.22E-08
Total 20681.189 1 0.0011
1
= 0.0011 m3/kg
ρfiltrat
1
ρfiltrat = = 875.338 kg/m3 = 54.271 lb/ft3
0.0011
μfiltrat = 0,324.ρ0,5.2,42
= 0.324 x 54.271 0,5
x 2.42 = 5.776 lb.ft/jam
= 0.0016 lb.ft/s
= 0.0024 kg.m/s
Komposisi cake
Trigliserida 157.273 875.1 0.191 2E-04
FFA 6.579 875.1 0.008 9E-06
Air 0.344 988 4E-04 4E-07
Karoten 0.01 875.1 1E-05 1E-08
Aldehid 0.115 875.1 1E-04 2E-07
Gumfosfat 0.01 1880 1E-05 6E-09
BE+Gumfosfat+Karoten 657.323 1300 0.8 0.001
Total 821.654 1 0.0008
1
= 0.0008 m3/kg
ρcake
1
ρcake = = 1185.020 kg/m3 = 73.471 lb/ft3
0.0008
Cake :
Massa cake = 821.654 kg/jam
Densitas = 1185.020 kg/m3
Rate volumetrik = massa = 821.654 = 0.693 m3/jam
Densitas 1185.020
Volume cake = Rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal
= 0.693 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 0.693 m3 = 183.17 gal
Filtrat :
Massa filtrat = 20681.189 kg/jam
Densitas 875.338
Volume filtrat = Rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal
= 23.627 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 23.627 m3 = 6241.47 gal
Rate filtrasi 5-20 gal/ft .jam
2
(Perry's ed 5, tab. 19-18)
Diambil 20 gal/ft2.jam
Luas frame total = 6241.47 = 312.07 ft2
20 x 1
Digunakan : ukuran plate & fram = 18 x 18 in
Dari Perry edisi 5, tabel 19-17, diperoleh:
Luas efektif = 3.9 ft2
Total kapasitas = 0.16 ft2/in
Jumlah frame, N = Luas total = 312.07 = 80.019
Luas efektif 3.9
Dipakai 81 buah plate → 80 frame
Plate and frame yang dipaka= (2 x N) - 1 = ( 2 x 81 ) - 1 = 161 buah
Volume cake tiap frame = Qcake = 183.17 = 1.138 gal = 0.183 ft3
Jumlah frame 161
Tebal frame = Volume cake tiap frame = 0.183 = 0.047 ft = 0.56 in
Luas efektif 3.9
Diambil tebal frame= 0.5 in
Panjang total BE Filter= 161 x 0.5 = 80.5 in = 2.045 m
Pressure Drop
Diasumsi :
Tahanan cake, α didekati dengan tahanan sludge agar-agar
Tahanan filter medium, Rm didekati dengan tahanan nylon clo(Geankoplis, hal 913)
α = 4.9E+10 m/kg
Rm = 1.06E+11 m-1
v = - ∆p
α.Cs.V
μ ( A
+ Rm )
Dimana
V = total volume filtrat (m3)
t = waktu filtrasi (s)
∆p = pressure drop (N/m2)
μ = viskositas filtrat (kg.m/s)
α = tahanan spesifik cake (m/kg)
Cs = konsentrasi slurry (kg/m3)
A = luas area filtrasi (m2)
Rm = tahanan medium filter (m-1)
v = rate filtrasi (m/s)
v = 20 gal/ft2.jam = 2.68 ft/jam = 0.817 m/jam = 0.0002 m/s
A = 81 x 39 = 3159 ft2 = 293.79 m2
Cs = massa cake = 821.65 = 34.777 kg/m3
volume filtrat 23.627
V = 23.627 m 3
α.Cs.V
- ∆p = v μ ( A
+ Rm )
- ∆p = 0.0002 x 0.0024 5E+10 x 34.777 x 23.627 + 1E+11
( 293.79 )
= 132092 N/m2 = 1.30 atm
Spesifikasi alat
Tipe : Leaf filter
Jumlah alat : 1 buah
Tebal tiap plate and fram : 0.5 in
Jumlah plate and frame : 161 buah
Panjang alat : 2.045 m
Pressure drop : 1.30
Bahan : Stainless steel
3. Heat Exchanger (E-311)

221 0C
430 0F
∆th = 95.4 0F
110 0C 168 0C
E-311
230 0F 334 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F 160 0C
320 0F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida dingin : Minyak DPO Fluida panas : Minyak RBDPO

= 45602.022 lb/hr = 43687.056 lb/hr
t1 = 230 0F T1 = 430 0F
t2 = 334 0F T2 = 320 0F
tav = 282 0
F Tav = 375 0
F
Cp = 0.0004 btu/lb0F Cp = 819.94 btu/lb0F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 2509385.780 kJ Q = 2509385.780 kJ
= 599743.201 kkal = 599743.201 kkal
= 2379781.02323 Btu = 2379781.02323 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 430 - 320 = 1.05 S = (t2-t1) = 334 - 230 = 0.52
(t2-t1) 334 - 230 (T1-t1) 430 - 230
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 95.4 - 90 = 92.674 0F
ln (∆th/∆tc) ln 95.4
( )
90
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.78 x 92.674
= 71.822 0F
3. Suhu Kalorik
Dari fig.17, Kern didapat
Minyak DPO (340API) ∆T = 104 0F Kc 0.27 Dipilih harga Kc = 0.3
Minyak RBDPO (350API) ∆T = 110 0F Kc 0.3 } ∆tc/∆th = 0.94
Didapat nilai Fc = 0.475
Tc = T2 + Fc(T1 - T2) = 320 + 0.475 ( 430 - 320 ) = 372 0F

tc = t1 + Fc(t2 - t1) = 230 + 0.475 ( 334 - 230 ) = 280 0F
Trial UD
Minyak DPO (340API) : light organik; μ = 0.9 cp Tabel, light organik - light organik
Minyak RBDPO (350API) : light organik; μ = 0.3 cp
} Ud = 40 - 75
Trial Ud = 45
menghitung A
A = Q = 2379781.0232346
Ud x ∆t 45 x 71.822
= 736.319 ft2
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 736.319 = 156.33 buah - 170 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Nt yang tersedia pada tabel 9 Kern yaitu 170 dengan tipe 1dimana n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 33 in = 2.750 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 2379781.0232346 = 41.382
A x ∆t 800.7 x 71.822
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak DPO dilewatkan tube dan minyak RBDPO dilewatkan shell
Shell Tube
IDs = 33.0 in = 2.750 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2.0 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 33 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 170 x 1.4
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 1.1 ft2 = 0.8264 ft2
Gs = M = 43687.056 Gt = m = 45602.02
as 1.1 at 0.826
= 39715.506 lb/hr.ft2 = 55182.28 lb/hr.ft2
Tc = 372 0F tc = 280 0F
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
μ 0.726 μ 2.177
= 6795.29 = 2809.258
JH = 55.06 fig.28 JH = 100 fig.24
cμ cμ
k ( )1/3 = 0.14 fig.16 k ( )1/3 = 0.19 fig.16
k k
ho = JH x k cμ hi = JH x k cμ
( )1/3 ( )1/3
фs De k фt ID k
= 55 x 0.140 = 62.081 = 100 x 0.19 = 171.43
0.124 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F) 0.11 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F)
hio = hi x ID
фt фt OD
= 171.43 x 1.33 = 152.00
1 1/2 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F)
Menghitung tw; fluida panas lewat shell maka :
tw = tc + ho/фs + (Tc - tc) = 280 + 62.081 ( 372 - 280 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 62.081 + 152.00
= 306.43 0F
tw = 306.43 0F;; μw = 0.45 cp tw = 306.43 0F ; μw = 0.64 cp
фs = (μ/μw) 0,14
= 0.30 фt = (μ/μw) 0,14
= 0.90
( 0.45 )0,14 ( 0.64 )0,14
= 0.945 = 1.049
ho = ho x фs hio = hio x фt
фs фt
= 62.081 x 0.945 = 58.655 = 152.00 x 1.049 = 159.43
(Btu/hr.ft . F)
2 0
(Btu/hr.ft2.0F)

Uc = hio x ho = 159.43 x 58.655 = 42.88
hio + ho 159.43 + 58.655
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 6795.29 Ret = 2809.258
f = 0.0025 fig. 29 f = 0.0004 fig. 26
s = 0.73 fig.6 s = 0.76 fig.6
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
2 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
= 72 = 0.0004 x 2809.26 2
x 12 x 2
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs 5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.76 x 1.049
5,22.10 .De.s.фs
10
= 0.00002 psi
= 3E-03 x 4.0.E+04 2 x 72 x 2.750
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.73 x 0.945
= 0.175 psi V2 = 0.001 (fig.27)
2 gc
∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
s 2 gc
= 4 x 2 x 0.001
0.76
= 0.011 psi
= 0.00002 + 0.011
= 0.011 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Memanaskan minyak DPO sebelum masuk ke Deodorizer
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2.0 in
Passes = 1
Tube : Outside Diameter Tub = 1.5 in
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
PFAD
2210C
V0, Ym
Lm+1, Xm+1
DBPO
2100C
V0, Y0
Steam
L 0, X0 2600C
DBPO
2210C
3. Heater (E-122)
260 0C
∆tc = 166 0F 500 0F
168 0C 210 0C
E-122
334 0F 410 0F
∆th = 90 0
F
260 C
0
500 0F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida dingin : Minyak DPO Fluida panas : steam

= 45602.022 lb/hr = 2538.153 lb/hr
t1 = 334.4 0F T1 = 500 0F
t2 = 410 0F T2 = 500 0F
tav = 372.2 0F Tav = 500 0F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 1912078.518 kJ Q = 1912078.518 kJ
= 456986.766 kkal = 456986.766 kkal
= 1813323.4867 Btu = 1813323.4867 Btu
2. ∆t
Ft = 1
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 166 = 123.98 0F
( )
166
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 1 x 123.98
= 123.98 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
tc = 372.2 0F Tc = 500 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 115.58
menghitung A
A = Q = 1813323.4867023
Ud x ∆t 115.58 x 123.98
= 126.541 ft2
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 126.541 = 26.87 buah - 29 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 15 1/4 in = 1.271 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 1813323.4867023 = 107.077
A x ∆t 136.59 x 123.98
4. Peletakan aliran
Shell Tube
IDs = 15.3 in = 1.271 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
as = IDs x C x B x 1 at
= Nt x a'
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 15.250 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 29 x 1.400
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.5083 ft2 = 0.141 ft2
Gs = m = 45602.022 Gt = M = 2538.153
as 0.5083 at 0.1410
= 89708.895 lb/hr.ft2 = 18004.64 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 372.2 0F Tc = 500 0F
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
μ μ
= 0.124 x 89708.895 = 0.11 x 18004.64
1.040 0.0457
= 10708.687 = 43647.267
JH = 110.0
k〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘 = 0.140 fig. 16
) 〗 ^(1/
3)
= 110.0 )x 〗 0.1400
^(1/
3)
0.124

Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 124.027 = 114.55
hio + ho 1500 + 124.027
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 10708.687 Ret = 43647.267
f = 0.0021 fig. 29 f = 0.00019 fig. 26
s = 0.735 fig. 6 1/ρ = 0.7947 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0201
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
2.000 Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 72 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs = 0.0002 x 18004.64 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.10 .De.s.фs
10
5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.0201 2
= 2E-03 x 9.0.E+04 2
x 72 x 1.27 = 0.0063 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.7350
= 0.325 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
Balance Tank
F-314
Fungsi : Menampung DPO sebelum masuk ke Deodorizer
Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standart dished dan tutup bawah
standard dished
Densitas :
Komponen xi ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Trigliserida 0.957 875.1 837.47
FFA 0.04 875.1 35.00
Air 0.002 988 1.98
Karoten 6.2.E-05 875.1 0.05
Aldehid 0.001 875.1 0.88
Gumfosfat 6.1.E-05 875.1 0.05
Total 1 875.38

54.650 lb/ft3
: 45593.749 lb/jam
Waktu tinggal : 1 jam
Ls : 1.5 d
densitas
: 45593.749 lb/jam
54.650 lb/ft3
: 834.287 ft3/jam = 23.360 m3/jam
: ( 834.287 x 1 )/ 1 tangki
: 834.287 ft = 23.360 m3
3

90%
: 834.287 ft3
90%
: 926.985 ft3 = 25.956 m3
926.985 ft3
= 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0,0847 di3
926.985 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di22di + 0,0847 di3
926.985 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + 1.178 di3 + 0.0847 di3
926.985 ft3 = 1.347 di3
9.750 ft = 1.104 di
di = 9.750 ft
1.104
= 8.829 ft
= 105.948 in

Volume liquid dalam silinde= Volume liquid total - Volume tutup bawah
= 834.287 ft3 - 58.294 ft3
= 775.993 ft3
Volume liquid dalam silinde= ∏/4di2Llt

775.993 ft3 = 3.14 x 8.829 2 x Llt
4
775.993 ft3 = 61.192 Llt
Llt = 12.681 ft
= 3.865 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.650 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 12.681 ft
= 22297.608 lb/ft.s
= 22297.608 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 4.754 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 4.754 ) x 1.05

= 20.426 psia
= 1.389 atm
Dimana
ts = tebal silinder (in)
Pi = P design (psia)
E = efisiensi sambungan (%) = 80% double welded butt joint
di = diameter dalam tangki (in)
f = allowable stress (Psia) = 16250 psia
C = faktor korosif = 1/8 (korosif)
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 20.426 x 105.948 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 20.426 )
= 0.083 + 1/8
= 0.208 in
16
= 3.333 in ≈ 4 = 1/4 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 105.948 + ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 106.448 in
= 2.704 m
= 108 - ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 107.500 in
= 8.958 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 8.958
= 17.916667 ft
= 215 in
= 5.461 m
f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 20.426 x 102 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 20.426 )
= 0.142 + 1/8
= 0.267 in
16
= 4.270 ≈ 4 in
16 16

BC = rc - icr icr = 6 1/2
= 102 - 6 1/2
= 95.5 in
2
= 107.5 - 6 1/2
2
= 47.250 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 102 - (95,52 - 47,252)0,5
= 19.008 in
Tinggi tutup dished = th + h + sf
= 0.25 + 19.008 + 3
= 22.258 in
Total tinggi tangki = tinggi tutup atas + tinggi tutup bawah + Ls

= 22.258 + 22.258 + 215.000
= 259.516 in
= 6.592 m
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi :Menampung DPO sebelum masuk ke Deodorizer
Type :Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standart dished dan tutup bawah standart dished
Ukuran :Diameter outside = 106.448 in
Tebal silinder (ts) = 1/4 in
Tebal tutup atas = 1/4 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 1/4 in
Total tinggi tangki = 6.592 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
9. Cooler (E-213)
170 0C
∆th = 91.8 0F 338 0F
221 0C 80 0C
E-213
430 0F 176 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F
30 0C
86 0
F
Diketahui
Ukuran tube = 3/4 in (OD, 14 BWG)
Panjang = 12 ft
Pitch = 1 in square
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida panas : PFAD Fluida dingin : cooling water

= 4633.752 lb/hr = 19381.487 lb/hr
T1 = 429.8 0F t1 = 86 0F
T2 = 176 0F t2 = 338 0F
Tav = 302.9 0F tav = 212 0
F
ʎ = 650 btu/lb
1. Neraca Panas
q = 5145015.285 kJ Q = 5145015.285 kJ
= 1229658.653 kkal = 1229658.653 kkal
= 4879285.53556 Btu = 4879285.53556 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 430 - 176 = 1.01 S = (t2-t1) = 338 - 86 = 0.73
(t2-t1) 338 - 86 (T1-t1) 430 - 86
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 91.8 = 90.897 0F
( )
( )
91.8
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.96 x 90.897
= 87.261 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Karena μ < 1 cp maka tc = tav dan Tc = 429.8 0F
tc = 212 0F Tc = 429.8 0F
Trial Ud
Ud overall = 75-150 (Tabel 8 Kern, light organic - water)
Trial Ud = 142
menghitung A
A = Q = 4879285.5355603
Ud x ∆t 142 x 87.261
= 393.774 ft2
ao" = 0.1963 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 393.774 = 167.17 buah - 166 buah
ao" x L 0.1963 x 12
Pt = 1 in = 0.083 ft IDs = 17 1/4 in = 1.438 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 4879285.5355603 = 142.997
A x ∆t 391.03 x 87.261
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak DPO dilewatkan shell dan cooling water dilewatkan tube
Shell Tube
IDs = 17.3 in = 1.438 ft OD = 3/4 in
B = 2.0 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 in = 0.083 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 - 3/4 a' = 0.268 in2 = 0.002 ft2
= 1/4 in = 0.0208 ft a" = 0.1963 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 17 x 1/4 x 2.000 x 1 = 166 x 0.3
0.083 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.7188 ft2 = 0.1545 ft2
Gs = M = 4633.752 Gt = m = 19381.49
as 0.7 at 0.154
= 6446.960 lb/hr.ft2 = 125469.08 lb/hr.ft2
Kondensat horizontal ho = hi =150 - 300 V = Gt = 125469.08
Loading G"= W 3600ρ 3600 x 62.5
L x Nt 2/3
= 0.558
= 4633.752 = 12.784 Dari fig 25; hi = 500 x 1.01
12 x 166 2/3
= 505
hio = hi x ID = 505 x 0.584
фp фp OD 0.75
Asumsi ho = 280 = 393.23
Menghitung tw; fluida panas lewat shell; fluida dingin lewat tube maka:
tw = tc + ho/фs (Tc - tc) = 212 + 280 ( 429.8 - 212 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 280 + 393.23
= 302.58 F0
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 429.8 + 302.58 = 366.19 0F

2
Pada Tf didapatkan data : Kf = 0.0835 (tab. 4) Dari fig.12.9 didapat
μf = 1.90 cp (fig. 14) ho = 300
sf = 0.76 (fig. 6)
maka harga Tw = 212 + 300 ( 429.8 - 212 ) = 306.25 0F
300 + 393.23
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 429.8 + 306.25 = 368.03 0F
2
Karena Tf baru tidak beda jauh dengan Tf lama maka harga h = 300
Uc = hio x ho = 393.23 x 300 = 170.17

hio + ho 393.23 + 300
∆P
Shell Tube
Tc = 429.80 0F tc = 212 0F
De = 0.95 in = 0.079 ft ID = 0.58 in = 0.05 ft
μ 1.935 μ 0.665
= 263.737 = 9179.092
f = 0.0045 fig. 29 f = 0.00029 fig. 26
s = 0.0114 fig.6 s = 1 tab. 6
N+1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n
2 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt
= 72 = 0.0003 x 9179.09 2
x 12 x 2
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs 5E+10 x 0.05 x 1 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs = 0.00023 psi
= 5E-03 x 6.4.E+03 2 x 72 x 1.438
5.22E+10 x 0.079 x 0.01 x 1
= 0.412 psi V2 = 0.0022 (fig.27)
2 gc
∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
s 2 gc
= 4 x 2 x 0.002
1.00
= 0.018 psi
= 0.00023 + 0.018
= 0.018 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan PFAD hasil dari Deodorizer
Dimensi :
Shell : Diameter dalam IDs = 17.25 in
Baffle = 2.0 in
Pt = 1 in square
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
9. Cooler (E-213)
90 0C
∆th = 126 0F 194 0F
160 0C 80 0C
E-213
320 0F 176 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F
30 C 0
86 0
F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida panas : Minyak RBDPO Fluida dingin : cooling water

= 43687.056 lb/hr = 29066.090 lb/hr
T1 = 320 0F t1 = 86 0F
T2 = 176 0F t2 = 194 0F
Tav = 248 0
F tav = 140 0
F
ʎ = 650 btu/lb
1. Neraca Panas
q = 3306811.520 kJ Q = 3306811.520 kJ
= 790327.953 kkal = 790327.953 kkal
= 3136021.31862 Btu = 3136021.31862 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 320 - 176 = 1.33 S = (t2-t1) = 194 - 86 = 0.46
(t2-t1) 194 - 86 (T1-t1) 320 - 86
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 126 = 106.99 0F
( )
126
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.55 x 106.99
= 58.846 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Minyak RBDPO (350API) ∆T = 144 0F Kc 0.3 Dipilih harga Kc = 0.3
} ∆tc/∆th = 1.4
Tc = T2 + Fc(T1 - T2) = 176 + 0.450 ( 320 - 176 ) = 241 0F

tc = t1 + Fc(t2 - t1) = 86 + 0.45 ( 194 - 86 ) = 135 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 80
menghitung A
A = Q = 3136021.318615
Ud x ∆t 80 x 58.846
= 666.152 ft2
ao" = 0.2618 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 666.152 = 212.04 buah - 213 buah
ao" x L 0.2618 x 12
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft IDs = 23 1/4 in = 1.938 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 3136021.318615 = 79.640
A x ∆t 669.16 x 58.846
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak RBDPO dilewatkan shell dan cooling water dilewatkan tube
Shell Tube
IDs = 23.3 in = 1.938 ft OD = 1 in
B = 2.0 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 1
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 1/4 - 1 a' = 0.546 in2 = 0.004 ft2
= 1/4 in = 0.0208 ft a" = 0.2618 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 23 x 1/4 x 2.000 x 1 = 213 x 0.5
0.104 x 144 1 144 x 1
= 0.775 ft2 = 0.8076 ft2
Gs = M = 43687.056 Gt = m = 29066.09
as 0.775 at 0.808
= 56370.395 lb/hr.ft 2
= 35989.59 lb/hr.ft2
Loading G"= W 3600ρ 3600 x 62.5
L x Nt 2/3
= 0.160
= 43687.056 = 102.07 Dari fig 25; hi = 395 x 0.96
12 x 213 2/3
= 379
hio = hi x ID = 379 x 0.834
фp фp OD 1.00
Asumsi ho = 180 = 316.25
tw = tc + ho/фs (Tc - tc) = 135 + 180 ( 240.8 - 134.6 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 180 + 316.25
= 173.12 0F
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 248 + 173.12 = 210.56 0F
2
Pada Tf didapatkan data : Kf = 0.075 (fig. 1) Dari fig.12.9 didapat
μf = 1.19 cp (fig. 14) ho = 150
sf = 0.79 (fig. 6)
maka harga Tw = 135 + 150 ( 240.8 - 134.6 ) = 168.77 0F
150 + 316.25
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 248 + 168.77 = 208.38 0F
2
Uc = hio x ho = 316.25 x 150 = 101.74

hio + ho 316.25 + 150
∆P
Shell Tube
Tc = 240.80 0F tc = 135 0F
De = 0.99 in = 0.083 ft ID = 0.83 in = 0.07 ft
μ 2.225 μ 1.210
= 2089.687 = 2068.025
f = 0.003 fig. 29 f = 0.00038 fig. 26
s = 0.78 fig.6 s = 1 tab. 6
N+1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n
2 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt
= 72 = 0.0004 x 2068.02 2
x 12 x 1
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs 5E+10 x 0.07 x 1 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs = 0.00001 psi
= 3E-03 x 5.6.E+04 2 x 72 x 1.938
5.22E+10 x 0.083 x 0.78 x 1
= 0.396 psi V2 = 0.015 (fig.27)
2 gc
∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
s 2 gc
= 4 x 1 x 0.015
1.00
= 0.060 psi
= 0.00001 + 0.060
= 0.060 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Mendinginkan minyak RBDPO sebelum masuk Kristalizer
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2.0 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
Kristalizer
Kristal izer
X-410
Fungsi : Membentuk padatan stearin

dilengkapi dengan koil pendingin
Densitas :

Trigliserida 0.999 875.1 874.22
FFA 0.0005 875.1 0.44
Air 0.0005 988 0.49
Total 1 875.16

54.636 lb/ft3
: 43679.131 lb/jam
Ls : 1.5 d
densitas
: 43679.131 lb/jam
54.636 lb/ft3
: 799.457 ft3/jam = 22.385 m3/jam
: ( 799.457 x 1 )/ 1 tangki
: 799.457 ft = 22.385 m3
3

80%
: 799.457 ft3
80%
: 999.321 ft3 = 27.981 m3
999.321 ft3
= 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0,0847 di3
999.321 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di21,5di + 0,0847 di3
999.321 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + 1.178 di3 + 0.0847 di3
999.321 ft3 = 1.347 di3
9.998 ft = 1.104 di
di = 9.998 ft
1.104
= 9.053 ft
= 108.635 in

= 799.457 ft3 - 62.842 ft3
= 736.614 ft3

736.614 ft3 = 3.14 x 9.053 2 x Llt
4
736.614 ft3 = 64.335 Llt
Llt = 11.450 ft
= 3.490 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.636 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 11.450 ft
= 20126.804 lb/ft.s
= 20126.804 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 4.291 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 4.291 ) x 1.05

= 19.941 psia
= 1.356 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 19.941 x 108.635 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 19.941 )
= 0.083 + 1/8
= 0.208 in
16
= 3.334 in ≈ 4 = 1/4 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 108.635 + ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 109.135 in
= 2.772 m
= 114 - ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 113.500 in
= 9.458 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 9.458
= 18.916667 ft
= 227 in
= 5.766 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 19.941 x 108 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 19.941 )
= 0.147 + 1/8
= 0.272 in
16
= 4.346 ≈ 4 in
16 16

= 108 - 6 7/8
= 101.1 in
2
= 113.5 - 6 7/8
2
= 49.875 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 108 - (101,12 - 49,8752)0,5
= 20.030 in
= 0.25 + 20.030 + 3
= 23.280 in

= 23.280 + 23.280 + 227.000
= 273.560 in
= 6.948 m
Perancangan koil pendingin

Kondisi temperatur pada koil pendingin:
Suhu RBDPO masuk (T1)= 80 0C = 176 0
F
Suhu RBDPO keluar (T2) = 30 0C = 86 0
F
Suhu chiller water (t1) = 10 0C = 50 0
F
Suhu chiller water (t2) = 50 0C = 122 0F
Berdasarkan neraca energi didapatkan massa chiller wat = 12313.23 kg/jam
= 27145.747 lb/jam
Neraca panas = 2066159.73 kJ/jam
= 1958719.424 Btu/jam
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 54 - 36 = 44.393 0F
( )
36
tc = 50 + 122 = 86 0F Tc = 176 + 86 = 131 0F
2 2
Ditetapkan ukuran pipa koil = 3/4 in Sch 40 (Kern, tab. 11)
ID = 0.824 in = 0.069 ft = 0.0209 m
a'' = 0.275 ft /ft
2
a' = 0.534 in2

Menghitung harga ho dan hio
Bejana Koil
ID = 9.458 ft
ρ = 54.636 lb/ft3
qf = 799.457 ft3/jam
A = 1/4πID2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 9.458 2
= 70.226 ft2
v = qf/A = 799.46 = 11.384 ft/j
70.226
μ = 2.5 cp = 6.048 lb/jam.ft
Nre = IDρv
μ
= 9.458 x 54.636 x 11.384
6.048
= 972.78
JH = 65 (fig.28, Kern)
k(cμ/k) 1/3
= 0.27 (fig.16, Kern)
De = 0.95 in = 0.079 ft
ho = JHx(k/De)x(cμ/k)1/3x(μ/μw)0,14 hio = 150 Btu/j.ft2.0F
= 65 x 0.27 = 221.684
0.079 (Btu/j.ft2.0F)
Uc = hio x ho = 150 x 221.684 = 89.465 Btu/j.ft2.0F

hio + ho 150 + 221.684
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200 Btu/j.ft2.0F
0.005
Ud = Uc x hd = 89.465 x 200 = 61.814 Btu/j.ft2.0F
Uc + hd 89.465 + 200
L = A/a" = 70.226 = 255.37 ft
0.275
nc = L dimana dc = 5 ft maka
π x dc
nc = 255.37 = 16.265
3.14 x 5
Sehingga jumlah lilitan ditetapka = 17 buah
Jarak setiap lingkaran koil (hc) = 2 in maka
Tinggi koil (lc= (nc-1)(hc+de)
= ( 17 - 1 ) x ( 2 - 0.95 )
= 16.8 in
= 1.4 ft
Spesifikasi alat
Kapasitas : 19812.724 kg/jam
Bahan : Plate steel SA - grade A type 410
Dimensi :
Bejana : Diameter = 113.5 in
Tinggi = 273.56 in
Tebal silinder = 1/4 in
Tebal head = 1/4 in
Koil : Ukuran koil = 3/4 in (Sch 40)
Diameter koil = 0.824 in
Tinggi koil = 16.8 in
Jumlah lilitan = 17 buah
Jumlah : 1 buah
Filter Press
Fungsi : Memisahkan Olein dan Stearin

Bahan konstruksi: Stainless Steel
Tipe : Pressure Filter Leaf
kondisi operasi = 20 0C
Waktu operasi = 1 jam
Komposisi filtrat
Olein 13805.556 875.1 0.9940 0.001
Stearin 69.444 875.1 0.0050 5.71E-06
FFA 6.944 875.1 0.0005 5.71E-07
Air 6.944 988 0.0005 5.06E-07
Total 13888.888 1 0.0011
1
= 0.0011 m3/kg
ρfiltrat
1
0.0011
μfiltrat = 0,324.ρ0,5.2,42
= 0.324 x 54.259 0,5
x 2.42 = 5.776 lb.ft/jam
= 0.0016 lb.ft/s
= 0.0024 kg.m/s
Komposisi cake
Olein 1039.128 875.1 0.175 2E-04
Stearin 4878.783 875.1 0.824 9E-04
FFA 2.962 875.1 0.001 6E-07
Air 2.962 988 0.001 5E-07
Total 5923.835 1 0.0011
1
= 0.0011 m3/kg
ρcake
1
ρcake = = 875.150 kg/m3 = 54.259 lb/ft3
0.0011
Cake :
Densitas 875.150
= 6.769 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 6.769 m3 = 1788.16 gal
Filtrat :
Densitas 875.150
= 15.870 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 15.870 m3 = 4192.49 gal
Rate filtrasi 5-20 gal/ft2.jam (Perry's ed 5, tab. 19-18)
20 x 1
Luas efektif 3.9
Jumlah frame 107
Luas efektif 3.9
Pressure Drop
Diasumsi :
α = 4.9E+10 m/kg
Rm = 1.06E+11 m-1
v = - ∆p
α.Cs.V
μ ( A
+ Rm )
Dimana
A = 54 x 39 = 2106 ft = 195.86 m 2 2
Cs = massa cake = 5923.8 = 373.27 kg/m3

V = 15.870 m3
α.Cs.V
- ∆p = v μ ( A
+ Rm )
- ∆p = 0.0002 x 0.0024 5E+10 x 373.27 x 15.870 + 1E+11
( )
( 195.86 )
= 862094 N/m2 = 8.51 atm
Spesifikasi alat
Tipe : Leaf filter
Pressure drop : 8.51 atm
p bawah flat
p bawah flat
light organik
0.000
0.000
V2 = 0.001
2 gc
-3.618
-3.618
108.2707
V = Gt
3600 ρ
standart dished
(fig. 27)
= 55182.28
3600 x 62.5
= 0.245 ft/s
2. Pompa (L-114)
2
•
E-115
Z2
1 M-110
•
Z1 F-111
L-114
Fungsi : Mengalirkan CPO ke tangki Degumming

45996.836 lb/jam

Komponen ρ (kg/m3)
(kg/jam) (%) (m3/kg) (m /jam)
3
Trigliserida 19790.920 95.62 875.1 0.001 22.616

FFA 827.899 4 875.1 5E-05 0.946
Air 41.395 0.2 988 2E-06 0.042
Fosfatida 14.488 0.07 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Karoten 8.279 0.04 875.1 5E-07 0.009
Aldehid 14.488 0.07 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Total 20697.469 100 23.646

μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
= 0
μPelarut
μCPO = 5.25 Cp pada 300C fig.14, Kern
μTotal = 5.25 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
5.250 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 5.250 Cp
= 0.004 lb/ft.s
= 0.005 N.s/m2

Densitas
= 45996.836 lb/jam
54.647 lb/ft3
= 841.715 ft3/jam
= 0.234 ft3/s

= 3.9 x 0.234 0,45
x 54.647 0,13
= 3.411 in
= 0.284 ft

Nominal diameter = 3.5 in
Schedule number = 40
ID = 3.548 in A = 0.0687 ft2
= 0.296 ft = 9.893 in2
OD = 4 in
= 0.333 ft
Menghitung luas permukaan tangki
ID tangki = 227.25 in = 18.938 ft
A tangki = 1/4πID2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 18.938 2
= 281.524 ft2
V2 = Qf = 0.234 ft3/s = 3.403 ft/s
A 0.0687 ft2
V1 = Qf = 0.234 ft3/s = 0.001 ft/s
A 281.524 ft2
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V2 x ρ
μ
= 0.296 x 3.403 x 54.647
0.004
= 15632.808 (turbulen)

A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - )
A1
Karena A1 > A2, maka A2/A1dianggap 0 dan α = 1 (turbulen)
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
hc = Kc x V2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 3.403 2
2 x 1 x 32.174
= 0.099 lbf.ft/lbm

Digunakan :
Le/D = 35
Le/D = 9
= 1 x 35 x 0.296
= 10.348 ft
= 1 x 9 x 0.296
= 2.661 ft
= 13.009 ft
Friction loss
ID = 0.296 ft = 0.090 m
Nre = 15632.808
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.090 m
= 0.0005 m
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V22
2 x gc x ID
= 4 x 0.007 x 65.62 x 3.403 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.296
= 1.119 lbf.ft/lbm

= 1 x 0.17 x 3.403 2
= 1 x 0.75 x 3.403 2
2 x 1 x 32.174 2 x 1 x 32.174
Σhf = 0.031 + 0.135
= 0.166 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
K ex = 1 - A1 2
( )
A2
= 1
H ex = Kex x V22
2 x gc
= 1 x 3.403 2
2 x 32.174
= 0.180 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi di Heater
∆P shell = 0.494 psi = 71.069 lbf/ft2
Ff = ∆P shell = 71.069 = 1.301 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 54.647
6. Friksi total
= 0.099 + 1.119 + 0.166 + 0.180 + 1.301
= 2.864 lbf.ft/lbm
Menghitung Energi Tekanan
P2 = Tekanan masuk ke tangki M-110
P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 lbf/in2 = 2116.8 lbf/ft2

P1 = P hidrostatis
= ρ x g/gc x Hliquid
g = 32.174 ft/s2
ρ = 54.647 lbm/ft3
Hliquid = Tinggi liquid dalam tangki penyimpanan F-1 = 35.91 ft sehingga
P1 = 54.647 x 32.174 x 35.91 = 1962.4 lbf/ft2
32.174
∆P = P2 - P1
= 2116.8 - 1962.4 = 154.43 lbf/ft2
∆P = 154.43 = 2.826 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 54.647
Menghitung Energi Kinetik

V22 - V12 = 3.403 2 - 0.001 2 = 0.180 lbf.ft/lbm
2 α gc 2 x 1 x 32.174
Menghitung Energi Potensial

Z1 = 35.91 ft Z2 =
40 ft
Z - Z
∆Z = 2 1 = 40 - 35.91 = 4.09 ft
∆Z g/gc = 4.09 x 32.174 = 4.09 lbf.ft/lbm
32.174
Menghitung Ws
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
0.180 + 4.090 + 2.826 + 2.826 + Ws = 0

ρ 54.647
= 87.538 gal/min

Wp = -Ws = 9.922 = 24.804 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 40%

= 12.777 x 24.804 = 12.777 lbm/s
= 316.924 lbf.ft/s
= 0.570 hp
WHP = BHP = 0.570
ƞ motor 80%
= 0.713 hp
Spesifikasi alat
= 45996.836 lb/jam
= 12.777 lbm/s
Ukuran Pipa = 3.5 in
Jumlah = 1 buah
Power = 0.713 hp
2. Pompa (L-113)
2
•
Z2
1 M-110
•
Z1 F-112
L-113

27.597 lb/jam

Komponen ρ (kg/m3)
(kg/jam) (%) (m3/kg) (m3/jam)
H3PO4 10.641 85 1880 5E-04 9.358
Air 1.878 15 988 2E-04 3.143
Total 12.519 100 12.500
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
= 0
μPelarut
μL = 4.5 Cp pada 300C fig.14, Kern
μTotal = 4.5 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
4.5 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 4.5 Cp
= 0.003 lb/ft.s
= 0.005 N.s/m2

Densitas
= 27.597 lb/jam
109.015 lb/ft3
= 0.253 ft3/jam
= 7E-05 ft3/s

= 3.9 x 7E-05 0,45
x 109.015 0,13
= 0.097 in
= 0.008 ft

ID = 3.548 in A = 0.0687 ft2
= 0.296 ft = 9.893 in2
OD = 4 in
= 0.333 ft
ID tangki = 47.625 in = 3.969 ft
A tangki = 1/4πID 2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 3.969 2
= 12.365 ft2
V2 = Qf = 7E-05 ft3/s = 0.001 ft/s
A 0.0687 ft2
V1 = Qf = 7E-05 ft3/s = 6E-06 ft/s
A 12.365 ft 2
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V2 x ρ
μ
= 0.296 x 0.001 x 109.02
0.003
= 10.942601 (laminer)

A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - )
A1
Karena A1 > A2, maka A2/A1dianggap 0 dan α = 1/2 (turbulen)
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
hc = Kc x V2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 0.001 2
2 x 0.5 x 32.174
= 2E-08 lbf.ft/lbm

c. Panjang pipa dari elbow ke tangki degumming F-110 = 3 m = 9.843 ft
Digunakan :
Le/D = 35
Le/D = 9
= 1 x 35 x 0.296
= 10.348 ft
= 1 x 9 x 0.296
= 2.661 ft
= 13.009 ft
Friction loss
ID = 0.296 ft = 0.090 m
Nre = 10.942601
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.090 m
= 0.0005 m
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V22
2 x gc x ID
= 4 x 1.8 x 59.058 x 0.001 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.296
= 2E-05 lbf.ft/lbm

= 1 x 0.17 x 0.001 2
= 1 x 0.75 x 0.001 2
2 x 0.5 x 32.174 2 x 0.5 x 32.174

= 6E-09 lbf.ft/lbm = 2E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
Σhf = 6E-09 + 2E-08
= 3E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
K ex = 1 - A1 2
( )
A2
= 1
H ex = Kex x V22
2 x gc
= 1 x 0.001 2
2 x 32.174
= 2E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi total
= 2E-08 + 2E-05 + 3E-08 + 2E-08
= 2E-05 lbf.ft/lbm

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 lbf/in2 = 2116.8 lbf/ft2

P1 = P hidrostatis
g = 32.174 ft/s2
ρ = 109.015 lbm/ft3
P1 = 109.02 x 32.174 x 5.453 = 594.46 lbf/ft2
32.174
∆P = P2 - P1
= 2116.8 - 594.46 = 1522.3 lbf/ft2
∆P = 1522.3 = 13.965 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 109.02

V22 - V12 = 0.001 2 - 6E-06 2 = 3E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
2 α gc 2 x 0.5 x 32.174

Z1 = 5.453 ft Z2 = 40 ft
∆Z = Z2 - Z1 = 40 - 5.453 = 34.547 ft
∆Z g/gc = 34.547 x 32.174 = 34.547 lbf.ft/lbm
32.174
Menghitung Ws
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
3E-08 + 34.547 + 13.965 + 13.965 + Ws = 0

ρ 109.015
= 0.026 gal/min

Wp = -Ws = 62.476 = 312.38 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 20%

= 0.008 x 312.380 = 0.008 lbm/s
= 2.395 lbf.ft/s
= 0.004 hp
WHP = BHP = 0.004
ƞ motor 80%
= 0.005 hp
Spesifikasi alat
= 27.597 lb/jam
= 0.008 lbm/s
Jumlah = 1 buah
Power = 0.005 hp
5. Pompa (L-113)
F-111 E-115
L-114 M-110

27.597 lb/jam

Komponen ρ (kg/m3)
Trigliserida 19790.920 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FFA 827.899 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Air 41.395 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Fosfatida 14.488 xi (%) ρ (kg/m3) #VALUE! #VALUE!
Karoten 8.279 85 1880 5E-04 9.358
Aldehid 14.488 15 988 2E-04 3.142
Total 20697.469 100 #DIV/0!

μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
= 0
μPelarut
μTotal = 5 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
5.250 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 5.250 Cp
= 0.004 lb/ft.s
= 0.005 N.s/m2

Densitas
= 27.597 lb/jam
109.015 lb/ft3
= 0.253 ft3/jam
= 0.000 ft3/s

= 3.9 x 0.000 0,45
x 109.015 0,13
= 0.097 in
= 0.008 ft

Nominal diameter : 8 in
Schedule number : 40
ID : 7.981 in A : 0.3474 ft2
: 0.665 ft : 50.026 in2
OD : 8.625 in
: 0.719 ft
V = Qf = 0.000 ft3/s = 0.000 ft/s
A 0.3474 ft2
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V x ρ
μ
= 0.665 x 0.000 x ###
0.004
= 4.1722891 (turbulen)

A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - )
A1
Karena A2 > A1, maka A2 dianggap 0 dan α = 1 (turbulen)
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
hc = Kc x V2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 0.000 2
2 x 1 x 32.174
= 0.000 lbf.ft/lbm

Digunakan :
Le/D = 35
Le/D = 9
1 buah elbow 90 0
= n x Le/D x ID
= 1 x 35 x 0.665
= 23.278 ft
= 1 x 9 x 0.665
= 5.986 ft
= 29.264 ft
Friction loss
ID = 0.665 ft = 0.203 m
Nre = 4.1722891
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.203 m
= 0.0002 m
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V2
2 x gc x D
= 4 x 0.009 x 59.058 x 0.000 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.665
= 0.000 lbf.ft/lbm

= 1 x 0.17 x 0.000 2
= 1 x 0.75 x 0.000 2
2 x 1/2 x 32.174 2 x 1/2 x 32.174

Σhf = 0.000 + 0.000
= 0.000 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
K ex = 1 - A1 2
( )
A2
= 1
H ex = Kex x V2
2 x gc
= 1 x 0.000 2
2 x 32.174
= 0.000 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi total
= 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000 + 0.000
= 0.000 lbf.ft/lbm
Menghitung Ws
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
P2 = Tekanan masuk dari tangki M-110
∆P = 0 psi
∆Z = 2 m = 6.562 ft
ΣF = 0.000 lbf.ft/lbm
V22-V12 = 0
α = 1
ρ = 109.015 lb/ft3
0 + 6.562 x 32.174 + 0 + 0.000 + Ws = 0

2 x 1 x 32.174 32.174 ###
0.000 + 6.562 + 0 + 0.000 + Ws = 0


ρ 109.015
= 0.026 gal/min

Wp = -Ws = 6.562 = 16.405 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 40%

= 0.008 x 16.405 = 0.008 lbm/s
= 0.126 lbf.ft/s
= 0.000 hp
WHP = BHP = 0.000
ƞ motor 80%
= 0.000 hp
Spesifikasi alat
= 27.597 lb/jam
= 0.008 lbm/s
Ukuran Pipa = 8 in
Jumlah = 1buah
Power = 0.000 hp
JH = 55.06 fig.28 JH = 100 fig.24

cμ cμ
k ( )1/3 = 0.14 fig.16 k ( )1/3 = 0.19 fig.16
k k
( )1/3 ( )1/3
фs De k фt ID k
= 55 x 0.140 = 97.37 = 100 x 0.19 = 390.41
hio = hi x ID
фt фt OD
= 390.41 x 0.58 = 304.00
3/4 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F)
tw = tc + ho/фs + (Tc - tc) = 212 + 97.37 ( 430 - 212 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 97.37 + 304.00
= 264.84 F
0
tw = 264.84 0F;; μw = 0.45 cp tw = 264.84 0F ; μw = 0.64 cp

фs = (μ/μw) =
0,14
0.80 0,14 фt = (μ/μw) 0,14
= 0.28 0,14
( ) ( )
0.45 0.64
= 1.084 = 0.888
фs фt
= 97.37 x 1.084 = 105.54 = 304.00 x 0.888 = 270.09
(Btu/hr.ft2.0F) (Btu/hr.ft2.0F)

Uc = hio x ho = 270.09 x 105.537 = 75.886
hio + ho 270.09 + 105.537
Rd = Uc - Udkoreksi = 75.886 - 142.997 = -0.006 jam.ft2.0F/btu
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 263.73725 Ret = 9179.092
APPENDIX C
F-111

Densitas :

Trigliserida 95.62 875.1 836.77
FFA 4 875.1 35.00
Air 0.2 988 1.98
Fosfatida 0.07 875.1 0.61
Karoten 0.04 875.1 0.35
Aldehid 0.07 875.1 0.61
Total 100 875.326

54.647 lb/ft3
Rate massa masuk = 20864.028 kg/jam
= 45996.836 lb/jam
Waktu tinggal = 2 hari
= 48 jam
Jumlah tangki = 4 buah
Ls = 2 d
Rate volumetrik = rate massa masuk
densitas
= 45996.836 lb/jam
54.647 lb/ft3
= 841.715 ft3/jam = 23.568 m3/jam
Volume liquid = (rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal)/jumlah tangki
= ( 841.715 x 48 )/ 4 tangki
= 10100.576 ft3 = 282.816 m3
Volume tangki = volume liquid
90%
= 10100.576 ft3
90%
= 11222.862 ft3 = 314.240 m3
Volume total tangki = Volume tutup atas + volume silinder + volume tutup bawah
11222.862 ft3
= 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0
11222.862 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di22di
11222.862 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + 1.570 di3
11222.862 ft3 = 1.655 di3
22.389 ft = 1.183 di
di = 22.389 ft
1.183
= 18.929 ft
= 227.148 in

= 10100.576 ft3 - 0 ft3
= 10100.576 ft3

10100.576 ft3 = 3,14 x 18,9292 x Llt
4
10100.576 ft3 = 281.272 Llt
Llt = 35.910 ft
= 10.945 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.647 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 35.910 ft
= 63137.643 lb/ft.s
= 63137.643 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 13.461 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 13.461 ) x 1.05

= 29.569 psia
= 2.011 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 29.569 x 227.148 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 29.569 )
= 0.259 + 1/8
= 0.384 in
16
= 6.139 in ≈ 6 = 3/8 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 227.148 + ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.898 in
= 5.789 m
= 228 - ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.250 in
= 18.938 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 18.938
= 37.875 ft
= 454.500 in
= 11.544 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 29.569 x 170 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 29.569 )
= 0.342 + 1/8
= 0.467 in
16
= 7.476 ≈ 7 in
16 16

BC = rc - icr icr = 13 3/4
= 170 - 13 3/4
= 156.250 in
2
= 227.250 - 13 3/4
2
= 99.875 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 170 - (156,250 - 99,875)0,5
= 49.837 in
= 0.44 + 49.837 + 6
= 56.275 in

√
C x De x(
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/
th 𝑓
= 0.45 x 227.148 x√(26,258
) /16250)
th = 4.360 in

= 56.275 + 4.360 + 454.500
= 515.135 in
= 13.084 m
Spesifikasi alat
Ukuran : Diameter outside = 227.898 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 4.360 in
Jumlah : 4 buah
2. Heater (E-122)
130 0C
∆tc = 180 0F 266 0F
30 0C 80 0C
E-122
86 0
F 176 0F
∆th = 90 0
F
130 0C
266 0F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi

= 46005.182 lb/hr = 2326.672 lb/hr
t1 = 86 0F T1 = 266 0F
t2 = 176 0F T2 = 266 0F
tav = 131 0
F Tav = 266 0
F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 2293548.033 kJ Q = 2293548.033 kJ
= 548157.980 kkal = 548157.980 kkal
= 2175090.86419 Btu = 2175090.86419 Btu
2. ∆t
Ft = 1
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 180 = 129.84 0F
( )
180
∆t
Ft =x LMTD
= 1 x 129.84
= 129.84 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
tc = 131 0F Tc = 266 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 122.64
menghitung A
A = Q = 2175090.8641916
Ud x ∆t 122.64 x 129.84
= 136.590 ft2
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 136.590 = 29.00 buah - 29 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 15 1/4 in = 1.271 ft
AbaruNt =x ao" x L = 29 x 0.3925 x 12 = 136.59 ft2
Ud koreksi = Q = 2175090.8641916 = 122.643
A x ∆t 136.59 x 129.84
4. Peletakan aliran
Shell Tube
IDs = 15.3 in = 1.271 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 15.250 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 29 x 1.400
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.5083 ft2 = 0.141 ft2
Gs = m = 46005.182 Gt = M = 2326.672
as 0.5083 at 0.1410
= 90501.997 lb/hr.ft2 = 16504.47 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 131 0F Tc = 266 0F
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
μ μ
= 0.124 x 90501.997 = 0.11 x 16504.47
8.225 0.0302
= 1366.307 = 60495.924
JH = 90.0
tc = 131 0F k = 0.097 Btu/hr.ft.0F
fig.1, Kern
k〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘 = 0.280 fig. 16
) 〗 ^(1/
3)
= 90 )x 〗 0.2800
^(1/
3)
0.124

Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 202.953 = 178.77
hio + ho 1500 + 202.953
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 1366.307 Ret = 60495.924
f = 0.0035 fig. 29 f = 0.00018 fig. 26
s = 0.82 fig. 6 1/ρ = 157.34 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0001
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
2.000 Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 72 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs = 0.0002 x 16504.47 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs 5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.0001 2
= 4E-03 x 9.1.E+04 2 x 72 x 1.27 = 1.0001 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.8200
= 0.494 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
3. Tangki Penampung Asam Phospat
F-112
F-112

Densitas :

H3PO4 85 1880 1598.00
Air 15 988 148.20
Total 100 1746.20

109.015 lb/ft3
Rate massa masuk = 12.518 kg/jam
= 27.597 lb/jam
Waktu tinggal = 10 hari
= 240 jam
Ls = 1.5 d
Rate volumetrik = rate massa masuk
densitas
= 27.597 lb/jam
109.015 lb/ft3
= 0.253 ft3/jam
Volume liquid = (rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal)/jumlah tangki
= ( 0.253 x 240 )/ 1 tangki
= 60.756 ft3
Volume tangki = volume liquid

90%
= 60.756 ft3
90%
= 67.507 ft3
Volume total tangki = Volume tutup atas + volume silinder + volume tutup bawah
67.507 ft3
= 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0
67.507 ft3 = 0,0848 di3 + ∏/4di21,5di
67.507 ft3 = 0,0848 di3 + 1.1775 di3
67.507 ft3 = 1.2623 di3
4.072 ft = 1.081 di
di = 4.072 ft
1.081
= 3.768 ft
= 45.211 in

= 60.756 ft3 - 0 ft3
= 60.756 ft3
60.756 ft3 = 3,14 x 19,0012 x Llt
4
60.756 ft3 = 11.143 Llt
Llt = 5.453 ft
= 1.662 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 109.015 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 5.453 ft
= 19124.452 lb/ft.s
= 19124.452 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 4.077 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 4.077 ) x 1.05

= 19.716 psia
= 1.341 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 19.716 x 45.211 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 19.716 )
= 0.034 + 1/8
= 0.159 in
16
= 2.549 in ≈ 3 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 45.211 + ( 2 x 0.19 )
= 45.586 in
= 1.158 m
= 48 - ( 2 x 0.19 )
= 47.625 in
= 3.969 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 3.969
= 7.9375 ft
= 95.250 in
= 2.419 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 19.716 x 48 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 19.716 )
= 0.064 + 1/8
= 0.189 in
16
= 3.031 ≈ 3 in
16 16

BC = rc - icr icr = 3
= 48 - 3
= 45.000 in
2
= 47.625 - 3
2
= 20.813 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 180 - (166,252 - 99,8752)0,5
= 8.102 in
= 0.19 + 8.102 + 2
= 10.290 in

√
C x De x(
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/
th = 0.45 x 45.211𝑓 x√(26,258
) /16250)
th = 0.709 in
= 10.290 + 0.709 + 95.250
= 106.248 in
= 2.699 m
Spesifikasi alat
Jumlah : 1 buah
4. Deguming tank (M-110)
M-110
Fungsi : Menghilangkan getah

Type : Bejana berpengaduk dengan silinder tegak tutup atas dan bawah
berbentuk standard dishead
Material : Stell SA 240-grade A type 410
Rate massa masuk = 20709.887 Kg/jam
= 45657.017 lb/jam
Waktu tinggal = 1 jam
Ls = 1,5 × diameter tangki
Komponen Laju alir (kg/jam)xi (% massa) ρ (Kg/𝑚^3) xi*ρ Q = (𝑚^3/jam)

Trigliserida 19790.920 0.956 875 836.173 22.618
FFA 827.898 0.040 875 34.979 0.946
Air 43.257 0.002 988 2.064 0.044
Karoten 8.278 0.000 875 0.350 0.009
Aldehid 14.488 0.001 875 0.612 0.017
Gumfosfat 25.043 0.001 875 1.058 0.029
Total 20709.887 1.000 5363 875.236 3.862
campuran liquid = xi*ρ

875.236 kg/m3
54.653 lb/ft3
Rate Volumetrik = Rate massa masuk
Densitas
= 20709.887 kg/jam
875.236 kg/m3
= 23.662 m3/jam
Volume liquid =Rate volumetrik × waktu tinggal
= 23.662 × 1 jam
= 23.662 m3 = 835.626 ft3
Volume total tangki= Volume liquid
80%
= 29.578 m3
= 1044.532 ft3
Menghitung diameter tangki
Volume total tangki = Vol tutup atas + Vol silinder + Vol tutup bawah
1044.532 ft3 = (0,0847di3) + (3,14/4di2Ls) + (0,0847di3)
1044.532 ft3 = (0,0847di3) + (3,14/4di21,5di) + (0,0847di3)
1044.532 ft3 = 1.347 di3
di3 = 775.451 ft3
di = 9.187 ft
di = 110.247 in
di = 2.800 m
Menghitung tinggi tangki liquid (Llt)
Vol liquid dalam tangki = Volume liquid - Vol tutup bawah silinder
= 835.626 - 0.0847 di3
= 835.626 - ( 0.0847 x 775.451 )
= 769.945 ft3
Vol liquid dalam silinder =π di2 × Lls
4
769.945 ft 3
= 3.14 x 9.187 2
x Lls
4
769.945 ft 3
= 66.258 Lls
Lls = 11.620 ft = 139.44465 in
Asumsi di = do = 110.247 in dipilih OD = 114 in
rc = 108 in
icr = 6 7/8 in
sehingga BC = rc- icr
= 101.13 in
AB = 1/2 di - icr
= ( 1/2 x 110.247 ) - 6 7/8
= 48.248 in
b = 〖𝐵𝐶〗 ^2− 〖𝐴𝐵 ) 〗 ^2))
𝑟𝑐−√((
b = 108√(( 〖- 101,13 〗 ^2− 〖 48,248 〗 ^2))
= 19.127 in
= 1.59 ft
Llt = Lls + b
= 13.214 ft
= 4.029 m
P desain = (P operasi + P Hidrostatis) × 1,5
= 14,7 psia + ( ρ.g.h ) × 1,05
P hidro = ρ.g.Llt
= 54.653 lb/ft3 × 32.174 ft/s × 13.214 ft
= 23236.107 lb/ft.s
= 23236.107 lb/ft.s × 14.7 psia
0.689 × 10 5 lb/ft.s
= 4.957 psia
P desain = ( 14.7 + 4.957 ) x 1.05
= 20.64 psia = 1.404 atm
Bahan konstruksi yakni Plate Stell SA 240 - Grade A type 410 dari Brownell App D hal 342
ts = Pi × di
+C
2(FE - 0,6 Pi)
Dimana
ts = Tebal silinder
Pi = P desain (psia)
E = efisiensi sambungan double welded butt join = 80%
F = Allowable stress (psia) = 16250 psia
C = Faktor korosif = 1/8
ts standart = Pi di + C
2(fE-0,6Pi)
= 20.64 × 110.25 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 20.64 )
= 0.088 + 1/8
= 0.213 in
ts standart = 0.2126 × 16
16
= 3.4017 in
16
= 1 in
4
OD = di + 2 ts
= 110.25 + ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 110.75 in
= 2.812 meter
digunakan OD standard = 114 in
= 114 - ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 113.5 in
= 9.458 ft
= 1.5 x 9.458
= 14.188 ft
= 170.25 in
= 4.3255 meter
th = 0,885 × Pi × rc + c rc = 108 (Brownell tabel 5.7 hal 91)
(F×E)-(0,1×Pi)
th = 0.885 x 20.64 x 108 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 20.64 )
th = 0.152 + 1/8
= 0.277 in × 16
16
= 4.428 = 5 in
16 16

h = 〖 (𝐵𝐶) 〗 ^2− 〖 (𝐴𝐵) 〗 ^2 )
𝑅𝐶−√( icr = 6 7/8
BC = rc - icr (Brownell tabel 5.7 hal 91)
= 108 - 6 7/8
= 101.13 in
2
= 113.5 - 6 7/8
2
= 49.875 in
h = 108 - ( 101.13 2 - 49.875 2 ) 0,5
= 108 - 87.970
= 20.030 in
sf = 3 1/2 in berdasarkan tebal tutup 5/16 in
tinggi tutup atas = th + h + sf
= 23.842 in
tinggi tutup bawah = tinggi tutup atas
= 23.842 in
Perhitungan dimensi pengaduk
Pengaduk menggunakan sixblade turbin with disk
berdasarkan tabel 3.4-1 hal 144 Geancoplis 3 rd edition, diperoleh data sebagai berikut :
Da/Dt = 0.3
W/Da = 1/5
Dd/Da = 2/3
L/Da = 1/4
H/Dt = 1
C/Dt = 1/3
J/Dt = 0.08
dimana : Dt = Diameter Tangki (ft)
Da = Diameter pengaduk (ft)
C = Jarak dari dasar tangki ke daun pengaduk (ft)
L = Panjang Pengaduk (ft)
W = Lebar daun pengaduk (ft)
J = Lebar pengaduk (ft)
Dt = 9.458 ft
Da/Dt = 0.3 Da = 2.8375 ft
W/Da = 0.2 W = 0.5675 ft
Dd/Da = 0.667 Dd = 1.8926 ft
L/Da = 0.25 L = 0.7094 ft
H/Dt = 1 H = 9.4583 ft
C/Dt = 0.333 C = 3.1496 ft
J/Dt = 0.083 J = 0.785 ft
Ditetapkan jumlah putaran pengaduk (N) = 30 rpm = 0,5 rps (rotasi per sekon)
dimana : μm = Viskositas campuran
Qs = Fraksi mol solid = 0
Dari figure 3.4-5 Geancoplis edisi 4 pengaduk menggunakan curve 1
karena nilai
Dt/j = 12
Da/w = 5
Da = 2.8375 ft = 0.8649 m
ρ Campuran = 875.24 kg/m3 = 506.78594 lb/ft3
Q = 3.862 m3/jam
μ CPO = 0.3565 Cp pada suhu 80oC Dari apendik A.2-4 Geankoplis
= 0.0004 kg/m.s = 0.0002396 lbm/ft.s
μm
=(1+0,5 𝑄𝑠)/ 〖 (1−𝑄𝑠) 〗 ^4
μL
μm
=(1+(0,5 ×0 ))/ 〖 (1−0) 〗 ^4
0.3
μm = 0.3565 Cp
= 0.0002 lbm/ft.s
Menghitung bilangan reynold
( 〖𝐷𝑎〗 ^2 ×𝑁 × 𝜌 )/𝜇
Nre =
= 8.0514 ft × 0.5 rps × 506.79 lb/ft3

0.0002396 lbm/ft.s
= 8516413
Nre > 4000 ( turbulen )
Menghitung daya pengaduk

Dari figure 3.4-5 Geancoplis edisi 4 diperoleh Np = 5.5
(𝑁𝑝 × 𝜌 ×𝑁^3 × 〖𝐷𝑎〗 ^5)/𝑔𝑐
P =
(5,5 ×506,8 𝑙𝑏/ 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^3 × 〖 0,5 〗 ^3 𝑟𝑝𝑠 × 〖 2,8375 〗 ^5 𝑓𝑡)/( 〖 32,174 𝑓𝑡/𝑠 〗 ^2 ×550 𝑓𝑡.𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑠)
p =
= 3.6218 Hp
efisiensi motor = 80% ( timmer hause, fig 1438)
daya pengaduk= power
effisiensi motor
= 4.527 Hp
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi = Menghilangkan getah
Type = Bejana berpengaduk dengan silinder tegak tutup atas dan bawah
Dimensi tangk: Diameter Luar = 110,75 in
Diameter dalam = 110,247 in
Tebal silinder (ts = 0,213 in
tinggi silinder (L = 170,25 in
Tebal tutup (th) = 5/16 in
Tinggi tutup atas = 23,842 in
tinggi tutup baw = 23,842 in
tinggi total tangk = 217.93 in
Tinggi liquid : Tinggi liquid (Llt) = 13,214 ft = 4,029 m
Dimensi Pengaduk :Diameter Pengaduk,D = 2,838 ft
Tebal Blade, W = 0,568 ft
Lebar Blade, L = 0,709 ft
Lebar baffle, J = 0,785 ft
jarak antara pengaduk = 3,15 ft
dengan tangki, C
jenis six blade open
= turbine with disk
Power pengaduk = 4.527 Hp
Material = stell SA 240 - Grade A type 410
Jumlah = 1 buah
5. Pompa (L-114)
2
•
E-115
Z2
1 M-110
•
Z1 F-111
L-114
Fungsi : Mengalirkan CPO ke tangki Degumming

45996.836 lb/jam

Komponen ρ (kg/m3)
(kg/jam) (%) (m /kg)
3
(m /jam)
3
Trigliserida 19790.920 95.62 875.1 0.001 22.616

FFA 827.899 4 875.1 5E-05 0.946
Air 41.395 0.2 988 2E-06 0.042
Fosfatida 14.488 0.07 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Karoten 8.279 0.04 875.1 5E-07 0.009
Aldehid 14.488 0.07 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Total 20697.469 100 23.646

μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
= 0
μPelarut
μTotal = 5.25 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
5.250 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 5.250 Cp
= 0.004 lb/ft.s
= 0.005 N.s/m2

Densitas
= 45996.836 lb/jam
54.647 lb/ft3
= 841.715 ft3/jam
= 0.234 ft3/s

= 3.9 x 0.234 0,45
x 54.647 0,13
= 3.411 in
= 0.284 ft

ID = 3.548 in A = 0.0687 ft2
= 0.296 ft = 9.893 in2
OD = 4 in
= 0.333 ft
ID tangki = 227.25 in = 18.938 ft
A tangki = 1/4πID2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 18.938 2
= 281.524 ft2
V2 = Qf = 0.234 ft3/s = 3.403 ft/s
A 0.0687 ft2
V1 = Qf = 0.234 ft3/s = 0.001 ft/s
A 281.524 ft2
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V2 x ρ
μ
= 0.296 x 3.403 x 54.647
0.004
= 15632.808 (turbulen)

A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - )
A1
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
hc = Kc x V2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 3.403 2
2 x 1 x 32.174
= 0.099 lbf.ft/lbm
Digunakan :
Le/D = 35
Le/D = 9
= 1 x 35 x 0.296
= 10.348 ft
= 1 x 9 x 0.296
= 2.661 ft
= 13.009 ft
Friction loss
ID = 0.296 ft = 0.090 m
Nre = 15632.808
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.090 m
= 0.0005 m
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V22
2 x gc x ID
= 4 x 0.007 x 65.62 x 3.403 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.296
= 1.119 lbf.ft/lbm

= 1 x 0.17 x 3.403 2
= 1 x 0.75 x 3.403 2
2 x 1 x 32.174 2 x 1 x 32.174
Σhf = 0.031 + 0.135
= 0.166 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
K ex = 1 - A1 2
( )
A2
= 1
H ex = Kex x V22
2 x gc
= 1 x 3.403 2
2 x 32.174
= 0.180 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi di Heater
∆P shell = 0.494 psi = 71.069 lbf/ft2
Ff = ∆P shell = 71.069 = 1.301 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 54.647
6. Friksi total
= 0.099 + 1.119 + 0.166 + 0.180 + 1.301
= 2.864 lbf.ft/lbm

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 lbf/in2 = 2116.8 lbf/ft2

P1 = P hidrostatis
g = 32.174 ft/s2
ρ = 54.647 lbm/ft3
P1 = 54.647 x 32.174 x 35.91 = 1962.4 lbf/ft2
32.174
∆P = P2 - P1
= 2116.8 - 1962.4 = 154.43 lbf/ft2
∆P = 154.43 = 2.826 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 54.647

V22 - V12 = 3.403 2 - 0.001 2 = 0.180 lbf.ft/lbm
2 α gc 2 x 1 x 32.174

Z1 = 35.91 ft Z2 = 40 ft
∆Z = Z2 - Z1 = 40 - 35.91 = 4.09 ft
∆Z g/gc = 4.09 x 32.174 = 4.09 lbf.ft/lbm
32.174
Menghitung Ws
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
0.180 + 4.090 + 2.826 + 2.826 + Ws = 0

ρ 54.647
= 87.538 gal/min
Wp = -Ws = 9.922 = 24.804 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 40%

= 12.777 x 24.804 = 12.777 lbm/s
= 316.924 lbf.ft/s
= 0.570 hp
WHP = BHP = 0.570
ƞ motor 80%
= 0.713 hp
Spesifikasi alat
= 45996.836 lb/jam
= 12.777 lbm/s
Jumlah = 1 buah
Power = 0.713 hp
6. Pompa (L-113)
2
•
Z2
1 M-110
•
Z1 F-112
L-113

27.597 lb/jam

Komponen ρ (kg/m3)
H3PO4 10.641 85 1880 5E-04 0.006
Air 1.878 15 988 2E-04 0.002
Total 12.519 100 0.008

μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
= 0
μPelarut
μL = 4.5 Cp pada 300C fig.14, Kern
μTotal = 4.5 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
4.5 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 4.5 Cp
= 0.003 lb/ft.s
= 0.005 N.s/m2

Densitas
= 27.597 lb/jam
109.015 lb/ft3
= 0.253 ft3/jam
= 7E-05 ft3/s

= 3.9 x 7E-05 0,45
x 109.015 0,13
= 0.097 in
= 0.008 ft

ID = 3.548 in A = 0.0687 ft2
= 0.296 ft = 9.893 in2
OD = 4 in
= 0.333 ft
ID tangki = 47.625 in = 3.969 ft
A tangki = 1/4πID2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 3.969 2
= 12.365 ft2
V2 = Qf = 7E-05 ft3/s = 0.001 ft/s
A 0.0687 ft 2
V1 = Qf = 7E-05 ft3/s = 6E-06 ft/s

A 12.365 ft2
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V2 x ρ
μ
= 0.296 x 0.001 x 109.02
0.003
= 10.942601 (laminer)
A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - )
A1
Karena A1 > A2, maka A2/A1dianggap 0 dan α = 1/2 (turbulen)
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
hc = Kc x V2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 0.001 2
2 x 0.5 x 32.174
= 2E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
c. Panjang pipa dari elbow ke tangki degumming F-110 = 3 m = 9.843 ft
Digunakan :
Le/D = 35
Le/D = 9
= 1 x 35 x 0.296
= 10.348 ft
= 1 x 9 x 0.296
= 2.661 ft
= 13.009 ft
Friction loss
ID = 0.296 ft = 0.090 m
Nre = 10.942601
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.090 m
= 0.0005 m
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V2 2
2 x gc x ID
= 4 x 1.8 x 59.058 x 0.001 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.296
= 2E-05 lbf.ft/lbm
= 1 x 0.17 x 0.001 2
= 1 x 0.75 x 0.001 2
2 x 0.5 x 32.174 2 x 0.5 x 32.174

= 6E-09 lbf.ft/lbm = 2E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
Σhf = 6E-09 + 2E-08
= 3E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
K ex = 1 - A1 2
( )
A2
= 1
H ex = Kex x V22
2 x gc
= 1 x 0.001 2
2 x 32.174
= 2E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi total
= 2E-08 + 2E-05 + 3E-08 + 2E-08
= 2E-05 lbf.ft/lbm

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 lbf/in2 = 2116.8 lbf/ft2

P1 = P hidrostatis
g = 32.174 ft/s2
ρ = 109.015 lbm/ft3
P1 = 109.02 x 32.174 x 5.453 = 594.46 lbf/ft2
32.174
∆P = P2 - P1
= 2116.8 - 594.46 = 1522.3 lbf/ft2
∆P = 1522.3 = 13.965 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 109.02

V22 - V12 = 0.001 2 - 6E-06 2 = 3E-08 lbf.ft/lbm
2 α gc 2 x 0.5 x 32.174

Z1 = 5.453 ft Z2 = 40 ft
∆Z = Z2 - Z1 = 40 - 5.453 = 34.547 ft
∆Z g/gc = 34.547 x 32.174 = 34.547 lbf.ft/lbm
32.174
Menghitung Ws
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
3E-08 + 34.547 + 13.965 + 13.965 + Ws = 0

ρ 109.015
= 0.026 gal/min

Wp = -Ws = 62.476 = 312.38 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 20%

= 0.008 x 312.380 = 0.008 lbm/s
= 2.395 lbf.ft/s
= 0.004 hp
WHP = BHP = 0.004
ƞ motor 80%
= 0.005 hp
Spesifikasi alat
= 27.597 lb/jam
= 0.008 lbm/s
Jumlah = 1 buah
Power = 0.005 hp
7.Bleacher
Bleacher
M-210
M-210
Fungsi : Memucatkan warna minyak CPO

Type : Bejana berpengaduk dengan silinder tegak tutup atas dan bawah berbentuk
standard dishead
Material : Stell SA 240-grade A type 410
Rate massa masuk = 21502.30 Kg/jam
= 47403.977 lb/jam
Jumlah tangki = 1 Buah
Ls = 1,5 × diameter tangki
Komponen Laju alir (kg/jam) xi ρ (Kg/𝑚^3

) xi*ρ Q = (𝑚^3/jam)
Trigliserida 19950.184 0.928 875 811.839 22.800
FFA 834.561 0.039 875 33.961 0.954
Air 43.606 0.002 988 2.004 0.044
Karoten 1.302 6E-05 875 0.053 0.001
Aldehid 14.065 0.001 875 0.572 0.016
BE 657.323 0.031 1880 57.47138993 0.350
Gumfosfat 1.262 6E-05 875 0.051 0.001
Total 21502.303 1.000 7243 905.952 2.969
campuran liquid xi*ρ

905.952 kg/m3
56.571 lb/ft3
Rate Volumetrik = Rate massa masuk
Densitas
= 21502.303 kg/jam
905.952 kg/m3
= 23.734 m3/jam
Volume liquid =Rate volumetrik × waktu tinggal
= 23.734 × 1 jam
= 23.734 m3 = 838.183 ft3
Volume total tangki= Volume liquid
60%
= 39.557 m3
= 1396.972 ft3
Menghitung diameter tangki

Volume total tangki = Vol tutup atas + Vol silinder + Vol tutup bawah
1396.972 ft3 = (0,0847di3) + (3,14/4di2Ls) + (0,0847di3)
1396.972 ft3 = (0,0847di3) + (3,14/4di21,5di) + (0,0847di3)
1396.972 ft3 = 1.347 di3
di3 = 1037.099 ft3
di = 10.122 ft
di = 121.466 in
di = 3.085 m
Menghitung tinggi tangki liquid (Llt)
Vol liquid dalam tangki = Volume liquid - Vol tutup bawah silinder
= 838.183 - 0.0847 di3
= 838.183 - ( 0.0847 x 1037.099 )
= 750.341 ft3
Vol liquid dalam silinder = π/4 x di2 × Lls
750.341 ft3 = 3.14 x 10.122 2
x Lls
4
750.341 ft 3
= 80.430 Llt
Lls = 9.329 ft = 111.94985 in
Asumsi di = do = 121.466 in dipilih OD = 126 in
rc = 120 in
icr = 7 5/8 in
sehingga BC = rc- icr
= 112.38 in
AB = 1/2 di - icr
= ( 1/2 x 121.466 ) - 7 5/8
= 53.108 in
b = 〖𝐵𝐶〗 ^2− 〖𝐴𝐵 ) 〗 ^2))
𝑟𝑐−√((
b = 120√(( 〖- 112,38 〗 ^2− 〖 53,108 〗 ^2))
= 20.966 in
= 1.75 ft
Llt = Lls + b
= 11.076 ft
= 3.377 m
P desain = (P operasi + P Hidrostatis) × 1,5
= 14,7 psia + ( ρ.g.h ) × 1,05
P hidro = ρ.g.Llt
= 56.571 lb/ft3 × 32.174 ft/s × 11.076 ft
= 20160.192 lb/ft.s
= 20160.192 lb/ft.s × 14.7 psia
0.689 × 10 5 lb/ft.s
= 4.301 psia
P desain = ( 14.7 + 4.301 ) x 1.05
= 19.951 psia = 1.357 atm
Bahan konstruksi yakni Plate Stell SA 240 - Grade A type 410 dari Brownell App D hal 342
ts = Pi × di
+C
2(F × E) - 0,6 Pi
Dimana
ts = Tebal silinder
Pi = P desain (psia)
E = efisiensi sambungan double welded butt join
= 80%
F = Allowable stress (psia) = 16250 psia
C = Faktor korosif = 1/8
ts standart = Pi di + C
2(fE-0,6Pi)
= 19.951 × 121.47 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 19.951 )
= 0.093 + 1/8
= 0.218 in
ts standart = 0.2183 × 16
16
= 3.4927 in
16
= 1 in
4
OD = di + 2 ts
= 121.47 + ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 121.97 in
= 3.0969 meter
digunakan OD standard = 126 in
= 126 - ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 125.5 in
= 10.458 ft
= 1.5 x 10.458
= 15.688 ft
= 188.25 in
= 4.7828 meter
Rumus : th = 0,885 × Pi × rc + c rc = 120 (Brownell tabel 5.7 hal 91)
(F×E)-(0,1×Pi)
th = 0.885 x 19.951 x 120 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 19.951 )
th = 0.163 + 1/8
= 0.288 in × 16
16
= 4.608 = 5
16 16

h = 〖 (𝐵𝐶) 〗 ^2− 〖 (𝐴𝐵) 〗 ^2 )
Rumus :𝑅𝐶−√( icr = 7 5/8
BC = rc - icr (Brownell tabel 5.7 hal 91)
= 120 - 7 5/8
= 112.38 in
2
= 125.5 - 7 5/8
2
= 55.125 in
h = 120 - ( 112.38 2 - 55.125 2 ) 0,5
= 120 - 97.925
= 22.075 in
sf = 3 1/2 in berdasarkan tebal tutup 5/16 in
tinggi tutup atas = th + h + sf
= 25.887 in
tinggi tutup bawah = tinggi tutup atas
= 25.887 in
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Memucatkan warna pada minyak CPO
Type : Bejana berpengaduk dengan silinder tegak tutup atas dan bawah
Dimensi tangki : Diameter Luar = 126 in
Diameter dalam = 125.5 in
tinggi silinder (Ls) = 188.25 in
Tebal tutup (th) = 1/3 in
Tinggi tutup atas = 25.887 in
tinggi tutup bawah = 25.887 in
tinggi total tangki = 240.02 in
Tinggi liquid : Tinggi liquid (Llt= 11.076 ft = 3.377 m
Material : stell SA 240 - Grade A type 410
Jumlah : 1 buah
8. Pompa (L-116)
2• Bleacher
1
• M-210
Z1 M-110 Z2
L-116
Fungsi : Mengalirkan CPO dari tangki degumming ke tangki Bleacher

47413.769 lb/jam
Laju alir xi/ρi Q

Komponen xi ρ (kg/m3)
(kg/jam) (m3/kg) (m3/jam)
Trigliserida 19950.184 0.928 875.1 0.001 22.798
FFA 834.561 0.039 875.1 4E-05 0.954
Air 43.606 0.002 988 2E-06 0.044
Karoten 8.346 4E-04 875.1 4E-07 0.010
Aldehid 14.605 0.001 875.1 8E-07 0.017
Gumfosfat 25.245 0.001 875.1 1E-06 0.029
BE 626.296 0.029 3950 7E-06 0.159
Total 21502.843 1 24.009

μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
Dimana :
((total laju
alir)/(ρ
campuran))
= 0
μPelarut
μTotal = 5.50 Cp
Rumus :
μm 1 + 0,5 Qs
=
μL (1 - Qs)4
μm 1 + ( 0.5 x 0 )
=
5.500 ( 1 - 0 )4
μm = 5.500 Cp
= 0.004 lb/ft.s
= 0.006 N.s/m2

Densitas
= 47413.769 lb/jam
56.169 lb/ft3
= 844.127 ft3/jam
= 0.234 ft3/s

= 3.9 x 0.234 0,45
x 56.169 0,13
= 3.428 in
= 0.286 ft
ID = 3.548 in A = 0.0687 ft2
= 0.296 ft = 9.893 in2
OD = 4 in
= 0.333 ft
ID tangki = 125.5 in = 10.458 ft
A tangki = 1/4πID2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 10.458 2
= 85.861 ft2
V2 = Qf = 0.234 ft3/s = 3.413 ft/s
A 0.0687 ft2
V1 = Qf = 0.234 ft3/s = 0.003 ft/s
A 85.861 ft2
Menghitung Nre
Nre = ID x V2 x ρ
μ
= 0.296 x 3.413 x 56.169
0.004
= 15381.905 (turbulen)

A2
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - )
A1
Kc = 0.55 x ( 1 - 0 )
= 0.55
hc = Kc x V2
2 x α x gc
= 0.55 x 3.413 2
2 x 1 x 32.174
= 0.100 lbf.ft/lbm
a. Panjang pipa dari tangki M-110 ke elbow = 1 m = 3.281 ft
b. Panjang pipa dari elbow ke pompa L-116 = 4 m = 13.124 ft
c. Panjang pipa dari pompa L-116 ke elbow = 2 m = 6.562 ft
d. Panjang pipa dari elbow ke elbow = 6.4 m = 20.998 ft
e. Panjang pipa dari elbow ke tangki M-210 = 3 m = 9.843 ft
Total panjang pipa lurus = 16.4 m = 53.808 ft
Digunakan :
Le/D = 35
Le/D = 9
= 3 x 35 x 0.296
= 31.045 ft
= 2 x 9 x 0.296
= 5.322 ft
= 36.367 ft
Friction loss
ID = 0.296 ft = 0.090 m
Nre = 15381.905
Ԑ/D = 4.6.E-05 m
0.090 m
= 0.0005 m
Ff = 4 x f x ∆L x V22
2 x gc x ID
= 4 x 0.007 x 53.8084 x 3.413 2
2 x 32.174 x 0.296
= 0.923 lbf.ft/lbm

= 2 x 0.17 x 3.413 2
= 3 x 0.75 x 3.413 2
2 x 1 x 32.174 2 x 1 x 32.174
Σhf = 0.062 + 0.407
= 0.469 lbf.ft/lbm
4. Sudden expansion
K ex = 1 - A1 2
( )
A2
= 1
H ex = Kex x V22
2 x gc
= 1 x 3.413 2
2 x 32.174
= 0.181 lbf.ft/lbm
5. Friksi total
= 0.100 + 0.923 + 0.469 + 0.181 +
= 1.672 lbf.ft/lbm

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 lbf/in2 = 2116.8 lbf/ft2

P1 = P hidrostatis
g = 32.174 ft/s2
ρ = 54.647 lbm/ft3
Hliquid = Tinggi liquid dalam tangki M-110= 13.214 ft sehingga
P1 = 54.647 x 32.174 x 13.214 = 722.11 lbf/ft2
32.174
∆P = P2 - P1
= 2116.8 - 722.11 = 1394.7 lbf/ft2
∆P = 1394.7 = 25.522 lbf.ft/lbm
ρ 54.647

V22 - V12 = 3.413 2 - 0.003 2 = 0.181 lbf.ft/lbm
2 α gc 2 x 1 x 32.174

Z1 = 16.495 ft Z2 = 21.021 ft
∆Z = Z2 - Z1 = 21.021 - 16.495 = 4.526 ft
∆Z g/gc = 4.526 x 32.174 = 4.526 lbf.ft/lbm
32.174
Menghitung Ws
V22 - V12 + (Z2 - Z1) g + P2 - P1 + ΣF + Ws = 0
2 α gc gc ρ
0.181 + 4.526 + 25.522 + 25.522 + Ws = 0

ρ 56.169
= 87.789 gal/min

Wp = -Ws = 55.751 = 139.38 lbf.ft/lbm
ƞ 40%

= 13.170 x 139.377 = 13.170 lbm/s
= 1835.664 lbf.ft/s
= 3.304 hp
WHP = BHP = 3.304
ƞ motor 83%
= 3.981 hp
Spesifikasi alat
= 47413.769 lb/jam
= 13.170 lbm/s
Jumlah = 1 buah
Power = 3.981 hp
9. Gudang Penyimpanan Bleaching Earth
15 ft


BE 100 3950 3950.00
Total 100 3950.00
Didapatkan ρ bahan = 3950.00 kg/m3

246.599 lb/ft3
: 1380.673 lb/jam
: 240 jam
Jumlah gudang : 1 ruang
Kapasitas = Rate massa masuk x waktu tinggal
= 1380.673 x 240
= 331361.433 lb
Volume bahan = Kapasitas = 331361.433 = 1343.729 ft3
ρ bahan 246.599
Over design = 10% , maka :
Volume storage = 1,1 x Volume bahan
= 1.1 x 1343.729
= 1478.101 ft3
Menentukan tinggi storage
Panjang storage (P) = 12 ft
Lebar storage (L) = 12 ft
T = 2t
Volume storage = PLT + 1/2LtP
= PL2t + 1/2Lt
1478.101 = ( 12 x 12 x 2 t ) + ( 1/2 x 12 x t x 12 )
1478.101 = 288 t + 72 t
1478.101 = 360 t
t = 4.11 ft
T = 8.21 ft
Tinggi storage = 12.32 ft
Spesifikasi Alat
Kapasitas : 331361.432976 lb
Dimensi :
Panjang storage = 12 ft = 3.66 m
Lebar storage = 12 ft = 3.66 m
Tinggi storage = 12.32 ft = 3.76 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
10. Belt Conveyor
α

= 0.626 ton/jam
Dari buku Perry ed 7 tabel 21-7, dipilih Belt conveyor dengan,
Kapasitas maksimum = 32 ton/jam
Hp tiap 10 ft = 0.34 hp/10ft
Belt width = 14 in
Through width (A) = 9 in
Skirt Seal (D) = 2 in
Asumsi :
Jarak Belt conveyor = 20 ft
Tinggi belt = 10 ft
Slope = α
tg α = 10
20
= 0.5
α = 18,30
Panjang belt = √( 〖 10 〗
= ^2+ 〖 20 ft
22.361
Perhitungan power : 〗 ^2 )
hp/10ft, lift = 0.34 hp/10ft
Hp = 0.34 x 22.361
10
= 0.760 hp
Tambahan power tripper = 2 hp
Total power = 2.760 hp
Luas area belt conveyor = 0.11 ft2 = 0.010 m2
Spesifikasi :
Kapasitas maksimum : 32 ton/jam
Belt width : 14 in
Through width (A) : 9 in
Skirt Seal (D) : 2 in
Belt speed : 100 ft/min
Luas area belt conveyor : 0.11 ft2 = 0.010 m2
Panjang belt : 22.361 ft
Sudut elevasi : 18,30
Power : 2.760 hp
Jumlah : 1 buah
11. Hopper Bleaching Earth
inlet Fungsi : Menampung Bleaching Earth sementara sebelum masuk

tangki bleacher
Kondisi operasi :
Tekanan = 1 atm
Suhu operasi = 30 0C
outlet
ρ bahan = 3950.00 kg/m3

= 246.599 lb/ft3
= 1380.673 lb/jam
Rate volumetrik = Rate massa = 1380.673 = 5.599 ft3/jam
ρ bahan 246.599
Menentukan kapasitas tangki

Direncanakan penyimpanan selama 1 jam dengan 1 buah tangki, maka:
Volume bahan = Rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal
= 5.599 x 1
= 5.599 ft3
Diasumsikan bahan mengisi 90% Hopper maka:
Volume tangki = 5.599 = 6.221 ft3
90%
= 0.174 m3
Menentukan dimensi tangki

Asumsi dimensi ratio : H/D = 2
Volume silinder = 1/4∏D2H
= 1/4∏D22D
= 1.57 D3
Volume tutup bawah = ∏ D3 (Hesse : 92)
24 tg α α = 30 0
= 3.14 x D3
24 x tg 30
= 0.227 D3
Volume tangki = Volume silinder + Volume tutup bawah
6.221 ft3 = 1.57 D3 + 0.227 D3
6.221 ft3 = 1.797 D3
D3 = 3.462 ft3
D = 1.513 ft
= 18.153 in
= 0.454 m
H = 2 x 1.513
= 3.026 ft
= 36.306 in
= 0.908 m
Menentukan ukuran tangki dan ketebalannya

Tinggi conical :
H = tg α x (D-m) (Hesse : 92 pers 4-17)
2
Keterangan :
α = Sudut konis = 30 0
D = Diameter
m = flat spot = 0.8 ft
H = tg 300 x ( 1.513 - 0.8 ) = 0.206 ft
2
Volume conical = 0,262xHx(D2+Dm+m2)
= 0.262 x 0.206 x 4.139
= 0.223 ft3
Volume silinder = 6.221 - 0.223
= 5.998 ft3
Volume silinder = 0,25∏D2H
5.998 = 0.25 x 3.14 x 1.513 2
x H
5.998 = 1.796 H
H = 3.339 ft
Tinggi tangki = 0.206 + 3.339
= 3.544 ft
= 1.081 m
Menentukan P design dalam tangki

P operasi = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
Tekanan over design yang digunakan 5-10% dari kerja normal
Tekanan design dipilih 5% dari tekanan operasi Hopper untuk faktor keamanan
P design = P operasi x 1.05
= 14.7 x 1.05
= 15.435 psi
Menentukan tebal minimum shell

Tebal shell berdasarkan ASME code untuk tangki silind :
ts = Pi x ri + C
fE - 0,6Pi
Dimana
ri : jari-jari dalam tangki (in)
ri = 18.153 x 0.5
= 9.077 in
ts = 15.435 x 9.077 + 1/8
16250 x 80% - 0.6 x 15.435
= 0.136 in = 1/8 in
Menentukan tebal tutup konical
Jenis = Conical
Sudut konis = 30 0
Type las = Single welded butt joint tanpa backing up strip
E = 0.8
th = Pi x Di + C
2cosα x (fE - 0,6Pi)
= 15.435 x 18.153 + 1/8
2 x 0.154 x ( 16250 x 80% - 0.6 x 15.435 )
= 280.193 + 1/8 = 0.195 in
4007.6807
Maka digunakan th = 1/5 in
Luas Hopper = 0,25xπxD2
= 0.25 x 3.14 x 1.513 2
= 1.796 ft2
= 258.69 in2
Spesifikasi :
Fungsi : Menampung Bleaching Earth sementara sebelum masuk
tangki bleacher
Kapasitas = 5.599 ft3
Diameter tangki = 1.513 ft = 0.461 m
Tinggi tangki = 3.544 ft = 1.081 m
Tebal shell = 1/8 in
Tebal head conical = 1/5 in
Diameter atas conical = 1.513 ft = 0.461 m
Diameter bawah conical = 0.8 ft = 0.244 m
Tinggi konical = 0.206 ft = 0.063 m
Cone angle = 30 0
Bahan konstruksi = Plate Stell SA - Grade A type 410
Jumlah = 1 buah
12. Cooler (E-213)

50 0C
∆th = 108 0F 122 0F
110 0C 80 0C
E-213
230 0F 176 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F
30 0C
86 0
F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida panas : sparging steam Fluida dingin : cooling water
= 1438.877 lb/hr = 41110.307 lb/hr
T1 = 230 0F t1 = 86 0F
T2 = 176 0F t2 = 122 0F
Tav = 203 0
F tav = 104 0
F
ʎ = 650 btu/lb
1. Neraca Panas
q = 1559022.550 kJ Q = 1559022.550 kJ
= 372606.389 kkal = 372606.389 kkal
= 1478502.15334 Btu = 1478502.15334 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 230 - 176 = 1.5 S = (t2-t1) = 122 - 86 = 0.25
(t2-t1) 122 - 86 (T1-t1) 230 - 86
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 108 = 98.727 0F
( )
108
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.94 x 98.727
= 92.803 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Karena μsteam < 1 cp maka tc = tav dan Tc = Tv
tc = 104 0F Tc = 230 0F
Trial Ud
Ud overall = 200-700 (Tabel 8 Kern, steam - water)
Trial Ud = 241.48
menghitung A
A = Q = 1478502.1533376
Ud x ∆t 241.48 x 92.803
= 65.974 ft2
ao" = 0.2618 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 65.974 = 21.00 buah - 21 buah
ao" x L 0.2618 x 12
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft IDs = 8 in = 0.667 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 1478502.1533376 = 241.485
A x ∆t 65.974 x 92.803
4. Peletakan aliran
Cooling water dilewatkan tube dan steam dilewatkan shell
Shell Tube
IDs = 8.0 in = 0.667 ft OD = 1 in
B = 1.6 in = 0.133 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 1/4 - 1 a' = 0.546 in2 = 0.004 ft2
= 1/4 in = 0.0208 ft a" = 0.2618 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 8.000 x 1/4 x 1.600 x 1 = 21 x 0.546
0.104 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.2133 ft2 = 0.0398 ft2
Gs = m = 41110.307 Gt = M = 1438.88
as 0.2133 at 0.0398
= 192704.562 lb/hr.ft2 = 36141.34 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 104 0F Tc = 230 0F
De = 0.99 in = 0.083 ft ID = 0.83 in = 0.07 ft
μ 1.669 μ 0.030
= 9524.9123 = 83069.805
JH = 55 fig.28
k = 0.36 tab.4
cμ 0.36 x 1 x 1.67 1/3
k ( )1/3 = ( )
k 0.36
= 0.600 V = Gt = 36141.34
ho = JH x k cμ 3600 ρ 3600 x 62.5
( )1/3
фs De k = 0.161 ft/s
= 55 x 0.600 = 400.2
0.083 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F) hi = hio = 1500 Btu/hr.ft2.0F

Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 400 = 315.91
hio + ho 1500 + 400
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 9524.9123 Ret = 83069.805
f = 0.0021 fig. 29 f = 9E-05 fig. 26
s = 1 tab.6 1/ρ = 19.382 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0008
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
1.600 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 90 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs = 9E-05 x 36141.34 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs 5E+10 x 0.07 x 0.0008 2
= 2E-03 x 1.9.E+05 2 x 90 x 0.67 = 0.471 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.083 x 1.0000
= 1.087 psi ∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
∆Ps = 1.087 psi s 2 gc
= 4 x 2 x 0.161 2
0.0008 x 2 x 32.174
= 3.886 psi
= 0.471 + 3.886
= 4.357 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Mengkondensasi uap hasil bleacing sebelum dibuang ke waste treatment
Dimensi :
Baffle = 1.6 in
Passes = 1
Tube : Outside Diameter Tub = 1 in
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
13. BE Filter (H-214)

Fungsi : Menyaring spent clay dari minyak DPO
Type : Leaf filter
Waktu operasi : 1 jam
Komposisi filtrat
Trigliserida 19792.911 875.1 0.9570 0.001
FFA 827.982 875.1 0.0400 4.57E-05
Air 43.262 988 0.0021 2.12E-06
Karoten 1.292 875.1 0.0001 7.14E-08
Aldehid 14.49 875.1 0.0007 8.01E-07
Gumfosfat 1.252 1880 0.0001 3.22E-08
Total 20681.189 1 0.0011
1
= 0.0011 m3/kg
ρfiltrat
1
0.0011
μfiltrat = 0,324.ρ0,5.2,42
= 0.324 x 54.271 0,5
x 2.42 = 5.776 lb.ft/jam
= 0.0016 lb.ft/s
= 0.0024 kg.m/s
Komposisi cake
Trigliserida 157.273 875.1 0.191 2E-04
FFA 6.579 875.1 0.008 9E-06
Air 0.344 988 0.000 4E-07
Karoten 0.01 875.1 0.000 1E-08
Aldehid 0.115 875.1 0.000 2E-07
Gumfosfat 0.01 1880 0.000 6E-09
BE+Gumfosfat+Karoten 657.323 1300 0.800 0.001
Total 821.654 1 0.0008
1
= 0.0008 m3/kg
ρcake
1
ρcake = = 1185.020 kg/m3 = 73.471 lb/ft3
0.0008
Cake :
Densitas 1185.020
= 0.693 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 0.693 m3 = 183.17 gal
Filtrat :
Densitas 875.338
= 23.627 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 23.627 m3 = 6241.47 gal
Rate filtrasi 5-20 gal/ft .jam
2
(Perry's ed 5, tab. 19-18)
20 x 1
Luas efektif 3.9
Jumlah frame 161
Luas efektif 3.9
Pressure Drop
Diasumsi :
α= 4.9E+10 m/kg
Rm = 1.06E+11 m-1
v = - ∆p
α.Cs.V
μ (
A
+ Rm )
Dimana
A = 81 x 39 = 3159 ft2 = 293.79 m2
Cs = massa cake = 821.65 = 34.777 kg/m3
V = 23.627 m 3
α.Cs.V
- ∆p = v μ (
A
+ Rm )
- ∆p = 0.0002 x 0.0024 5E+10 x 34.777 x 23.627 + 1E+11
(
293.79
)
= 132092 N/m2 = 1.30 atm
Spesifikasi alat
Tipe : Leaf filter
Pressure drop : 1.30
14. Heat Exchanger (E-311)

221 0C
430 0F
∆th = 95.4 0F
110 0C 168 0C
E-311
230 0F 334 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F 160 0C
320 0F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida dingin : Minyak DPO Fluida panas : Minyak RBDPO

= 45602.022 lb/hr = 43687.056 lb/hr
t1 = 230 0F T1 = 430 0F
t2 = 334 0F T2 = 320 0F
tav = 282 0
F Tav = 375 0
F
Cp = 0.0004 btu/lb0F Cp = 819.94 btu/lb0F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 2509385.780 kJ Q = 2509385.780 kJ
= 599743.201 kkal = 599743.201 kkal
= 2379781.02323 Btu = 2379781.02323 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 430 - 320 = 1.05 S = (t2-t1) = 334 - 230 = 0.52
(t2-t1) 334 - 230 (T1-t1) 430 - 230
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 95.4 - 90 = 92.674 0F
ln (∆th/∆tc) ln 95.4
( )
90
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.78 x 92.674
= 71.822 0F
3. Suhu Kalorik
Minyak DPO (340API) ∆T = 104 0F Kc 0.27 Dipilih harga Kc = 0.3
Minyak RBDPO (350API) ∆T = 110 0F Kc 0.3
} ∆tc/∆th = 0.94
Tc = T2 + Fc(T1 - T2) = 320 + 0.475 ( 430 - 320 ) = 372 0F

tc = t1 + Fc(t2 - t1) = 230 + 0.475 ( 334 - 230 ) = 280 0F
Trial UD
Minyak DPO (340API) : light organik; μ = 0.9 cp Tabel, light organik - light organik
}
Minyak RBDPO (350API) : light organik; μ = 0.3 cp Ud = 40 - 75
Trial Ud = 45
menghitung A
A = Q = 2379781.0232346
Ud x ∆t 45 x 71.822
= 736.319 ft2
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 736.319 = 156.33 buah - 170 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Nt yang tersedia pada tabel 9 Kern yaitu 170 dengan tipe 1dimana n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 33 in = 2.750 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 2379781.0232346 = 41.382
A x ∆t 800.7 x 71.822
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak DPO dilewatkan tube dan minyak RBDPO dilewatkan shell
Shell Tube
IDs = 33.0 in = 2.750 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2.0 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 33 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 170 x 1.4
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 1.1 ft2 = 0.8264 ft2
Gs = M = 43687.056 Gt = m = 45602.02
as 1.1 at 0.826
= 39715.506 lb/hr.ft2 = 55182.28 lb/hr.ft2
Tc = 372 0F tc = 280 0F
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
μ 0.726 μ 2.177
= 6795.29 = 2809.258
JH = 55.06 fig.28 JH = 100 fig.24
cμ cμ
k ( )1/3 = 0.14 fig.16 k ( )1/3 = 0.19 fig.16
k k
( )1/3 ( )1/3
фs De k фt ID k
= 55 x 0.140 = 62.081 = 100 x 0.19 = 171.43
hio = hi x ID
фt фt OD
= 171.43 x 1.33 = 152.00
1 1/2 (Btu/hr.ft2.0F)
tw = tc + ho/фs + (Tc - tc) = 280 + 62.081 ( 372 - 280 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 62.081 + 152.00
= 306.43 F
0
tw = 306.43 0F;; μw = 0.45 cp tw = 306.43 0F ; μw = 0.64 cp

фs = (μ/μw)0,14 = 0.30 фt = (μ/μw)0,14 = 0.90
( )
0,14
( )0,14
0.45 0.64
= 0.945 = 1.049
фs фt
= 62.081 x 0.945 = 58.655 = 152.00 x 1.049 = 159.43
(Btu/hr.ft . F)
2 0
(Btu/hr.ft2.0F)

Uc = hio x ho = 159.43 x 58.655 = 42.88
hio + ho 159.43 + 58.655
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 6795.29 Ret = 2809.258
f = 0.0025 fig. 29 f = 0.0004 fig. 26
s = 0.73 fig.6 s = 0.76 fig.6
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt .L.n
2
x 1
2 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
= 72 = 0.0004 x 2809.26 2
x 12 x 2
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs 5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.76 x 1.049
5,22.1010.De.s.фs = 0.00002 psi
= 3E-03 x 4.0.E+04 2 x 72 x 2.750
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.73 x 0.945
= 0.175 psi V2 = 0.001 (fig.27)
2 gc
∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
s 2 gc
= 4 x 2 x 0.001
0.76
= 0.011 psi
= 0.00002 + 0.011
= 0.011 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2.0 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
15. Heater (E-122)

260 0C
∆tc = 166 0F 500 0F
168 0C 210 0C
E-122
334 0F 410 0F
∆th = 90 0
F
260 0C
500 0F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida dingin : Minyak DPO Fluida panas : steam

= 45602.022 lb/hr = 2538.153 lb/hr
t1 = 334.4 0F T1 = 500 0F
t2 = 410 0F T2 = 500 0F
tav = 372.2 0F Tav = 500 0F
1. Neraca Panas
q = 1912078.518 kJ Q = 1912078.518 kJ
= 456986.766 kkal = 456986.766 kkal
= 1813323.4867 Btu = 1813323.4867 Btu
2. ∆t
Ft = 1
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 166 = 123.98 0F
( )
166
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 1 x 123.98
= 123.98 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
tc = 372.2 0F Tc = 500 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 115.58
menghitung A
A = Q = 1813323.4867023
Ud x ∆t 115.58 x 123.98
= 126.541 ft2
ao" = 0.3925 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 126.541 = 26.87 buah - 29 buah
ao" x L 0.3925 x 12
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft IDs = 15 1/4 in = 1.271 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 1813323.4867023 = 107.077
A x ∆t 136.59 x 123.98
4. Peletakan aliran
Shell Tube
IDs = 15.3 in = 1.271 ft OD = 1 1/2 in
B = 2 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 7/8 in = 0.156 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 7/8 - 1 1/2 a' = 1.4 in2 = 0.010 ft2
= 3/8 in = 0.0313 ft a" = 0.3925 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 15.250 x 3/8 x 2.000 x 1 = 29 x 1.400
0.156 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.5083 ft2 = 0.141 ft2
Gs = m = 45602.022 Gt = M = 2538.153
as 0.5083 at 0.1410
= 89708.895 lb/hr.ft2 = 18004.64 lb/hr.ft2
tc = 372.2 0F Tc = 500 0F
De = 1.49 in = 0.124 ft ID = 1.33 in = 0.11 ft
μ μ
= 0.124 x 89708.895 = 0.11 x 18004.64
1.040 0.0457
= 10708.687 = 43647.267
JH = 110.0
k〖 (𝑐μ/𝑘 = 0.140 fig. 16
) 〗 ^(1/
3)
= 110.0 )x 〗 0.1400
^(1/
3)
0.124

Uc = hio x ho = 1500 x 124.027 = 114.55
hio + ho 1500 + 124.027
∆P
Shell Tube
Res = 10708.687 Ret = 43647.267
f = 0.0021 fig. 29 f = 0.00019 fig. 26
s = 0.735 fig. 6 1/ρ = 0.7947 tab. 7
s = ρ = 0.0201
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 62.5
2.000 Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n x 1
= 72 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt 2
Ps,f = f.Gs .(N+1).IDs
2
= 0.0002 x 18004.64 2
x 12 x 2 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs 5E+10 x 0.11 x 0.0201 2
= 2E-03 x 9.0.E+04 2 x 72 x 1.27 = 0.0063 psi
5.22E+10 x 0.124 x 0.7350
= 0.325 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
16. Balance Tank
F-314
Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standart dished dan tutup bawah
standard dished
Densitas :

Trigliserida 0.957 875.1 837.47
FFA 0.04 875.1 35.00
Air 0.002 988 1.98
Karoten 6.2.E-05 875.1 0.05
Aldehid 0.001 875.1 0.88
Gumfosfat 6.1.E-05 875.1 0.05
Total 1 875.38

54.650 lb/ft3
: 45593.749 lb/jam
Ls : 1.5 d
densitas
: 45593.749 lb/jam
54.650 lb/ft3
: 834.287 ft3/jam = 23.360 m3/jam
: ( 834.287 x 1 )/ 1 tangki
: 834.287 ft3 = 23.360 m3
90%
: 834.287 ft3
90%
: 926.985 ft3 = 25.956 m3
926.985 ft3
= 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0,0847 di3
926.985 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di22di + 0,0847 di3
926.985 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + 1.178 di3 + 0.0847 di3
926.985 ft3 = 1.347 di3
9.750 ft = 1.104 di
di = 9.750 ft
1.104
= 8.829 ft
= 105.948 in

= 834.287 ft3 - 58.294 ft3
= 775.993 ft3
775.993 ft3 = 3.14 x 8.829 2 x Llt
4
775.993 ft3 = 61.192 Llt
Llt = 12.681 ft
= 3.865 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.650 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 12.681 ft
= 22297.608 lb/ft.s
= 22297.608 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 4.754 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 4.754 ) x 1.05

= 20.426 psia
= 1.389 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 20.426 x 105.948 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 20.426 )
= 0.083 + 1/8
= 0.208 in
16
= 3.333 in ≈ 4 = 1/4 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 105.948 + ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 106.448 in
= 2.704 m
= 108 - ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 107.500 in
= 8.958 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 8.958
= 17.916667 ft
= 215 in
= 5.461 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 20.426 x 102 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 20.426 )
= 0.142 + 1/8
= 0.267 in
16
= 4.270 ≈ 4 in
16 16

= 102 - 6 1/2
= 95.5 in
2
= 107.5 - 6 1/2
2
= 47.250 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 102 - (95,52 - 47,252)0,5
= 19.008 in
= 0.25 + 19.008 + 3
= 22.258 in

= 22.258 + 22.258 + 215.000
= 259.516 in
= 6.592 m
Spesifikasi alat
Type : Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standart dished dan tutup bawah standart dished
Ukuran : Diameter outside = 106.448 in
Tebal tutup bawah = 1/4 in
Jumlah : 1 buah
17. Pompa (L-215)
F-314
E-312
E-311
H-214
L-215
Fungsi : Mengalirkan minyak DPO dari BE Filter H-214 menuju tangki penampung
sementara F-314
Type : Centrifugal Pump
- Diketahui tekanan di masing-masing alat :

P di Tangki CPO (P1) = 10 psi = 68948 N/m²
P di Tangki Bleacher (P2 = 10 psi = 68948 N/m²
- Menghitung densitas campuran komponen sebagai berikut,

ρ CPO (T : 110 °C) = 875.1 kg/m³ = 54.63 lb/ft3 (lipico.com)
Komponen Fraksi (%) ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Trigliserida 0.957 875 837.375
FFA 0.04003 875 35.02625
Air 0.002 988 1.976
Karoten 6.2E-05 875 0.05425
Aldehid 0.0007 875 0.6125
Gumfosfat 6E-05 875 0.0525
Total 1.00 875.0965
Didapatkan nilai ρ campuran= 875.10 kg/m³
= 54.632 lb/ft³
- Menghitung viskositas CPO, didapatkan sebesar :
μ CPO (T=110 °C)= 1.25 Cp = 0.0013 kg.m/s (figure, 14 kern)
1) Menghitung rate massa :

Waktu kerja = 24 jam/hari
Diketahui :
ρ CPO = 0.875 gr/cm³ = 875.10 kg/m³
= 54.632 lb/ft³
µ CPO = 1.25 cp
= 0.0013 kg/ms
Rate = 20681.19 kg/jam
= 45594.16 lb/jam
Volumetrik (Q) 45594.163
54.6 x 3600
= 0.232 ft³/s
= 0.0066 m³/s
Rate massa = Q x ρ
= 0.0066 m³/s x 875.10 kg/m³
= 5.745 kg/s
2) Menghitung Inside Diameter (ID) Optimum Pipa

a. Menentukan economic velocity untuk menghitung Reynold Number
Asumsi aliran turbulen (Nre >4000), sehingga dapat digunakan persamaan 14.15
(Hal : 496) , Peters and Timmerhaus :
Di,opt = 3,9. Q0,45 ρ0,13
= 3.40 in
( Appendiks A5 Geancoplis hal.997)

Digunakan pipa dengan nominal size: 4 in Sch 40
ID = 4.03 in = 0.3355 ft = 0.102 m
OD = 4.5 in = 0.3750 ft = 0.114 m
A₂ = 0.088 ft2
Q 0.232
v₂ = = = 2.621 ft/s
A 0.088
= 0.799 m/s
v1 = Q diabaikan karena A1>A2
» 0
A1
3) Menghitung Friction loss pada pompa
NRe = (ρ x D x v)
μ
= 875.10 kg/m3 x 0.10 m x 0.80 m/s
0.00125 kg/m.s
NRe = 57194.8 (Turbulen)
NRe > 4000 : turbulen (asumsi benar)
Karena aliran dalam pipa adalah turbulen maka α= 1
Perhitungan friction loss tersebut dapat diurikan sebagai berikut :
(Asumsi : Tidak terjadi perubahan ukuran diameter pipa sepanjang ke tangki F-314)
1- Kontraksi pada masukan pipa dari Tangki penampung
Dengan persamaan untuk kontraksi dari permukaan A₁ ke A₂ (pipa)
Dimana perbandingan A1 terhadap A2 sangat besar:
Kc = 0,55 (1 - A₂/A₁)
= 0,55 x (1 - 0)
Kc = 0.55
v22
h c = Kc
2α
v2
hc = 0.55 2
2 (1)
= 0.1755 N.m/kg
(GeanKoplis,C.J,"Transport Process and Units Operations" 4rd Ed, 2.10-16)
2- Friksi pada pipa lurus

Material Commercial steel= 4,6 x 10ˉ⁵ m
Maka nilai ε/D = 0.0004
Pada NRe = 57194.8
Didapatkan fanning friction factor

= 0.0007
(f)
( Figure 2.10-3, Geankoplis, hal 94)
Friksi pada pipa lurus

Panjang pipa lurus (ΔL= 55.8 ft = 17 m
Maka friksi total pada pipa lurus adalah :

ΔL x v22
Ff = 4f
2D
= 0.149 N.m/kg
3- Friksi pada elbow

Ditetapkan menggunakan elbow 90⁰ sebanyak 2 buah, dari tabel 2.10-2,
Kf = 0.75 maka persamaan 2.10-17 menjadi :
h f = Kf v
2
2α
hf = 0.479 N.m/kg
4- Friksi dalam valve

Untuk Gate Valve (Wide Open)0.17
h f = Kf v
2
2α
= 0.054 N.m/kg
5- Ekspansi pada keluaran pipa :

Dengan persamaan 2.10-15 :
Kex = (1 - A₁/A₂)² = (1 - 0)² = 1
v22
hex = Kex
2α
hex = 0.3191 N.m/kg
6- Friksi di Heat Exchanger

ΔP tube = 2.5 psi = 17236.89 N/m²
Ff = ΔP tube = 17236.89
= 19.697 N.m/kg
ρ 875.10
7- Dan total Frictional loss, ∑F= 20.873 N.m/kg
4) Menghitung daya pompa

Menggunakan persamaan kesetimbangan energi mekanis :
(1/2α)x(v22av - v12av)+( gx(z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/ρ) + ƩF + Ws = 0,
α (untuk aliran turbulen) = 1

Dimana:
v1 =kecepatan alir fluida yang masuk ke pompa (suction)
v2 =kecepatan alir fluida yang keluar ke pompa (discharge)
Karena diameter pipa yang digunakan sebagai aliran masuk pompa dan yang
keluar pompa sama, maka v1 dan v2 konstan. Sehingga :
a. (v1 - v2 ) = 0
2 2
b. z1 = 0 ft (datum 1 sebagai referen)

z2 = 36.1 ft
(z2-z1) = 36.1 ft = 11 m
c. P1 = 10 psi = 68947.57 N/m²
P2 = 10 psi = 68947.57 N/m²
ΔP P - P1
= 2 = 0
ρ ρ
(1/2α) x (v22av - v12av) + ( g x (z2 - z1)) + ((p2 - p1 )/ρ) + ƩF + Ws = 0
= v2 - v1 + g (z - z ) + P2 - P1 + SF
2 2
-Ws
2 1
2a r
= 0 + 107.91 + 0 + 20.8733
= 128.7826 J/kg
η = 1-0.12Q-0.27 (Ulrich, eq 4-95a,hal 205)
= 0.82
Ws = -ɳxWp (Chirstie John Geancoplis eq 2.7-30 hal 69)
-128.8 = -0.8 xWp
Wp = 156.68 J/Kg
Daya pompa = m x Wp (example 2.10-7 Christie John Geancoplis)

= 5.74 kg/s x 157 J/Kg
= 900.08 J/s
= 900.08
1000
= 0.90 kW
= 1.207 Hp
Digunakan power pompa 1.207 Hp
η = 81%
WHP = BHP 1.207
= = 1.4902 HP
η motor 81%
Tabel C.2 Spesifikasi Alat Pompa (L-111)
Spesifikasi Keterangan
No. Kode L-215
Fungsi Untuk mengalirkan bahan baku CPO dari BE filter
(H-214) menuju Tangki Penampung (F-314)
Tipe Alat Centrifugal Pump
Kapasitas Po 0.0066 m³/s
Power Pompa 1.2 Hp
Ukuran pipa
D Nominal 4 in
ID 4.03 in
OD 4.5 in
Schedule 40
Bahan Commercial Steel
Jumlah 1 unit
18. Deodorizer (H-310)
PFAD
2210C
V0 , Y m
Lm+1, Xm+1
PFAD
2210C
V0 , Y m
Lm+1, Xm+1
DBPO
2100C
V0, Y0
Steam
L0, X0 2600C
DBPO
2210C
Komposisi Feed Masuk

Komponen Massa (kg/jam) Massa (lb/jam) BM (lb/lbmol) mol (lbmol/jam)
Trigliserida 19792.911 43643.369 846.09 51.582
FFA 827.982 1825.700 846.09 2.158
Air 43.262 95.393 18 5.300
Karoten 1.292 2.849 536 0.005
Aldehid 14.49 31.950 430 0.074
Gumfosfat 1.252 2.761 806 0.003
Total 20681.189 45602.022 59.123
Tekanan = 6 mmHg = 0.116 psia

Suhu = 210 °C = 483 K = 410 °F
Feed = Lm+1 = 59.123 lbmol/jam

Xm+1 = mol FFA = 2.158 = 0.036
mol total 59.123
Sistem dianggap mengikuti hukum Roult maka:

Ki = yi = Pi*
xi P
Dimana :
P = tekanan total sistem
Pi* =tekanan uap komponen i pada suhu yang diberikan
Ki = koefisien distribusi kesetimbangan untuk komponen i
Menghitung tekanan uap

- FFA
log P* = -8558.9 + 70.14 - 19.2 log T (Bailey, hal 204)
T
Pada T = 483.15 K
log P* = 0.895
P* = 7.853 mmHg
K1 = Pi* = 7.853 = 1.309
P 6
Sebagai key komponen diambil FFA :

Esi = mol komponen i masuk - mol komponen i keluar
mol komponen i masuk
FFA dalam minyak yang keluar di bottom = 9.91 kg/jam

= 21.839 lb/jam
= 0.026 lbmol/jam
Esi= 2.158 - 0.026 = 0.988

2.158
Gm = (Lm+1) (Xm+1) (Esi)
= 59.123 x 0.036 x 0.988
= 2.132 lbmol/jam
Stripping steam = Vo = 2068.119 kg/jam

= 4559.42 lb/jam
= 253.301 lbmol/jam
Lo = mol Trigliserida + mol FFA + mol Air

Lo = 19792.911 + 9.906 + 9.906
846.09 846.09 18
= 23.955 lbmol/jam
Xi = (Lm+1) (Xm+1) / Lo
= ( 59.123 x 0.036 )/ 23.955
= 0.090
1 + Xi = 1.090
Yi = Gm = 2.132
Vo 253.301
Yi = 0.008
1 + Yi = 1.008
Stripping faktor untuk key komponen

Sio = K key (Vo/Lo) [ (1+Yi)/ (1+Xi)] (Pers 8-208 Ludwig )
= 1.31 x 253.30 x 1.008
23.955 1.090
= 12.803
Jumlah Tray yang dibutuhkan dihitung berdasarkan key komponen

Sio - Esi (pers. 8-206 Ludwig)
(Mo+1) log Sio = log [ ]
(Mo+1) log Sio = log [ ]
1 - Esi
dimana Mo = jumlah tray teoritis
12.803 - 0.988
(Mo+1) log 12.803 = log( )
1 - 0.988
(Mo+1) 1.1073 = 2.995
Mo = 1.704
Overall tray effisiensi

Molal viscosity liquid, μ
μ⅓ = X μ⅓FFA + X μ⅓Trigliserida
= 0.040 x 0.888 + 0.960 x 0.705
μ = 0.361
Dari fig 8-29 Ludwig hal. 41 vol 2, didapatkan overall tray effisiens32%
Jumlah tray sebenarnya = M = 1.704 = 5.326 = 6 buah
32%
Perancangan Tray
Data-data:
Jenis tray = Perforated plate (sieve tray)
Tekanan operasi = 6 mmHg abs
Suhu operasi = 210 °C
Rate Top Tray Bottom Tray

Liquid, lb/jam 45602.022 43687.056
Uap, lb/jam 6475.168 4559.423
Perancangan tray didasarkan pada rate liquida yang terbesar (top tray)
L = 45602.022 lb/jam = 0.257 ft³/s = 115.187 gpm
V = 6475.168 lb/jam = 206.742 ft³/s
ρ liquid = 49.358 lb/ft³
ρv = 0.009 lb/ft³
Beban maksimum dan minimum

Q maks = 1.3 L
= 149.74 gpm
Q min = 0.7 L
= 80.631 gpm
V maks = 1.3 V
= 268.765 ft³/s = 2.34 lb/s
V min = 0.7 V
= 144.720 ft³/s
Diameter kolom
Nilai sufface tension liquid, = 36 dynes/cm
Tray spacing = 26 in
Dari fig. 8-121 (Ludwig), dengan skala 5% didapatkan
Vc = 13 ft/s
Dt = [(4/3.14) x (V/Vc)]^0.5
= 4 268.76 0,5
( x )
3.14 13.000
= 5.132 ft = 6 ft
At = 3,14/4 x Dt2
= 3.14 x 6 2
= 28.26 ft2
4
Type tray
Berdasarkan Q liqud (Q maksimum) dan Dt (Diameter kolom),
Dari tabel 8.13 Ludwig didapatkan tipe tray = cross flow
Panjang weir, Lw dan tinggi liquid dalam weir, how

Ditetapkan L/D = 0.75
L = 5 ft = 54 in
Qmaks 2/3 Qmin 2/3
how maks = [ ] how min = [ ]
3 Lw 3 Lw
149.74 80.63
= [ ]2/3 = [ ]2/3
3 x 54 3 x 54
= 0.949 in = 0.631 in
Tinggi liquida diatas plate, hl

Ditetapkan tinggi weir, hw = 2.5 in
hl maks = how maks + hw hl min = how min + hw
= 0.949 + 2.5 = 3.449 in = 0.631 + 2.5 = 3.131 in
Down comer clearence, hc

Ditetapkan: hw -hc = 0.5 in
hc = 2.5 - 0.5
= 2 in
Kehilangan liquida head dalam down comer, hd

hd = 0.03 (Qmaks/100Ap)2
Untuk L/D = 0.75 maka Ad/At = 0.112
Ad = 0.112 x 28.26
= 3.165 ft²
Adc = Lw x hc
= 54 x 2
= 108 in²= 0.75 ft²
Karena Adc < Ad, maka Ap = Adc
149.74
hd = 0.03 ( )2
hd = 0.03 ( )2
100 x 0.75
= 0.120 in
Luas aliran uap dalam kolom, Ac

Ac = At - Ad
= 28.260 - 3.165
= 25.095 ft²
Luas untuk lubang, Aa

Aa = 2 (x(r2-x2)0.5 + r2 arc sin (x/r))
Untuk L/D = 0.75 , maka H/D = 0.169
Wd = H = 0.169 x 6 ft
= 1.016 ft = 12.19 in
Ws = lebar daerah penenang, untuk D < 6 ft, Ws= 3 in
Wl = Clearence terhadap dinding = 3 in
x = D - Wd + Ws r = D - Wl
2 12 2 12
= 6 - 12.19 + 3 = 6- 3
2 12 2 12
= 1.734 ft = 2.750 ft
Aa = 17.723 ft²
Diameter lubang dan tebal tray
Dipilih diameter lubang, do = 1/8 in
Tebal tray = 1/4 in
Total luas lubang, Ao

Bentuk pitch segitiga, maka:
Ao = 0.907 x Aa
n²
dimana, n = 2.5 - 4.5 , ditetapkan n= 3.5
Ao = 0.907 x 17.723
12.25
= 1.312 ft²
Pressure drop untuk uap, ht

a) Pressure drop untuk plate kering, hp
Ao/Ac = 1.312 / 25.095 = 0.052
Uo = Vmaks/Ao = 268.765 / 1.312
= 204.93 ft/s
ρv / ρl = 0.009 / 49.358 = 0.0002
hp = 12 (ρv / ρl ) 1.14(Uo)² / 2gc [0.4 (1.25 - Ao/Ac)+ (1- Ao/Ac)²]
= 1.142 in liq
b) Residual pressure drop, hr
hr = 31,2/ ρl
= 31.2 / 49.358 = 0.632 in liq
ht = hp + hr + hl max
= 1.142 + 0.632 + 3.449
= 5.223 in liq
Tinggi liquid dalam down comer, hb
hb = hl + ht + hd
= 3.449 + 5.223 + 0.120
= 8.791 in
Checking tray spacing
T ≥ 2(hb-hw)
T ≥ 2 x 6.291 = 12.58 in
Jadi asumsi tray spacing = 26 in (memenuhi)
Perhitungan satisfactory design

Stabilitas
hpw = 0.2 + 0,05 hl
= 0.2 + 0.05 x 3.449
= 0.372 in
Uo min = Vmin/ Ao = 144.720 / 1.312 = 110.35 ft/s
hpm = ρv Um2 Ao Ao 2
12 x 1.14 [ 0.4 ( 1.25 - ) + ( 1 - ) ]
ρl 2gc Ac Ac
hpm = 0.628
jadi hpm > hpw (memenuhi)
Entrainment
Uc = Vmaks / Ac
= 268.76 / 25.095
= 10.710 ft/s
Te = T - 2.5 hl
= 26 - 2.5 x 3.449 = 17.378 in
e = 0,22(73/τ)(Uc/Te)³ˊ²
= 0.095 < 0.1 (memenuhi)
Pelepasan uap dalam down comer

Wl = 0.8 √(ℎ𝑜𝑤 (𝑇+ℎ𝑤−ℎ𝑏) )
= 3.460 in
Wl < 0.6 Wd
Wl < 7.314 (memenuhi)
Perancangan Kolom
Penentuan tebal kolom
Tekanan operasi kolom = 6 mmHg abs = 0.114 psia
Untuk keamanan maka diasumsikan tekanan operasi adalah vakum
Tekanan di luar kolom= 14.7 psia
Maka tekanan kritis kolom = 14.7 psia
Dicoba tebal kolom = 3/8 in
l = tray spacing (jarak antara stiffene= 26 in
do = 6 ft = 72 in
l/do = 26 / 72 = 0.4
do/t = 72 / 3/8 = 192 ###
Dari fig.8.8 Brownell & Young, didapatkan
Pada T = 410 °F
e = 0.0002
B = 4000
P allowable = B = 4000 = 20.833 psi > 14,7 psi (memenuhi)
do/t 192
Ditetapkan tebal dinding kolom, t = 3/8 in
Penentuan tebal dan tinggi tutup

Direncanakan tutup atas dan tutup bawah berupa standart dishead head
OD = ID + 2 ts = 72.75 in ≈ 78 in
ID = OD - 2 ts = 77.25 in
r = 78 in
Digunakan bahan konstruksi Carbon steel SA-240 Grade A
dan sambungan las double welded joint
E = 0.8
f = 14600 lb/in2
c = 1/8 in (Brownell & Young)
tha = thb = 0,885 x Pi x rc + c

2(f E - 0,1 Pi)
0.8850 x 14.7 x 78
= + 1/8
2 x ( 14600 x 0.8 - 0.1 x 14.7 )
= 0.168 in
Dipilih tebal standa = 0.168 in = 2.68 ≈ 3
16 16
Perhitungan tinggi tutup
a. Tinggi tutup (Standard dished head)
Dari Tabel 5.7 dan 5.8 (Brownell), untuk tebal tut = 3/16 standard dishead head
r = 78 in
icr = 4 3/4 in
sf = 1.5 - 2,25 in (diambil sf = 2.25 in)
Sehingga, dari Fig. 5.8 (Brownell), dapat dihitung

a = ½ x ID = 38.625 in
AB = (½ x ID) - icr = 33.875 in
BC = r - icr = 73.25 in
b = r - (BC2 - AB2)½ = 13.054 in
OA = t + b + sf = 15.472 in
Tinggi kolom total

Tinggi bag. tray (Z1)= T x (Jml Tray - 1)
= 26 x ( 6 - 1 )
= 130 in = 10.83 ft
Tinggi ruang kosong di atas tray (Z2), ditetapkan= 4 ft

Tinggi ruang yang ditempati liquid (Z3)
L = 45602 lb/jam
r liquid = 49.358 lb/ft³
q , hold up time liqui = 10 menit= 0.17 jam
A = π D²/4 = 4684.54 in²
= 32.532 ft²
Z₃ = (L θ)/ (ρ liquid A) = 4.733 ft
Tinggi ruang kosong di atas liquid (Z4), ditetapkan
= 3 ft
Tinggi Silinder (Ls) = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 + Z4
= 22.567 ft = 270.80 in
Tinggi kolom total = 270.8 + 2 OA = 301.744 in
= 25.15 ft ≈ 26 ft
19. Cooler (E-313)

170 0C
∆th = 91.8 0F 338 0F
221 0C 80 0C
E-313
430 0F 176 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F
30 0C
86 0
F
Diketahui
Ukuran tube = 3/4 in (OD, 14 BWG)
Panjang = 12 ft
Pitch = 1 in square
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida panas : PFAD Fluida dingin : cooling water

= 4633.752 lb/hr = 19381.487 lb/hr
T1 = 429.8 0F t1 = 86 0F
T2 = 176 0F t2 = 338 0F
Tav = 302.9 0F tav = 212 0
F
ʎ = 650 btu/lb
1. Neraca Panas
q = 5145015.285 kJ Q = 5145015.285 kJ
= 1229658.653 kkal = 1229658.653 kkal
= 4879285.53556 Btu = 4879285.53556 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 430 - 176 = 1.01 S = (t2-t1) = 338 - 86 = 0.73
(t2-t1) 338 - 86 (T1-t1) 430 - 86
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 91.8 = 90.897 0F
( )
91.8
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.96 x 90.897
= 87.261 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Karena μ < 1 cp maka tc = tav dan Tc = 429.8 0F
tc = 212 0F Tc = 429.8 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 142
menghitung A
A = Q = 4879285.5355603
Ud x ∆t 142 x 87.261
= 393.774 ft2
ao" = 0.1963 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 393.774 = 167.17 buah - 166 buah
ao" x L 0.1963 x 12
Pt = 1 in = 0.083 ft IDs = 17 1/4 in = 1.438 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 4879285.5355603 = 142.997
A x ∆t 391.03 x 87.261
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak DPO dilewatkan shell dan cooling water dilewatkan tube
Shell Tube
IDs = 17.3 in = 1.438 ft OD = 3/4 in
B = 2.0 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 2
Pt = 1 in = 0.083 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 - 3/4 a' = 0.268 in2 = 0.002 ft2
= 1/4 in = 0.0208 ft a" = 0.1963 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 17 x 1/4 x 2 x 1 = 166 x 0.3
0.083 x 144 1 144 x 2
= 0.7188 ft2 = 0.1545 ft2
Gs = M = 4633.752 Gt = m = 19381.49
as 0.7 at 0.154
= 6446.960 lb/hr.ft2
= 125469.08 lb/hr.ft2
Loading G"= W 3600ρ 3600 x 62.5
L x Nt 2/3
= 0.558
= 4633.752 = 12.784 Dari fig 25; hi = 500 x 1.01
12 x 166 2/3 = 505
hio = hi x ID = 505 x 0.584
фp фp OD 0.75
Asumsi ho = 280 = 393.23
tw = tc + ho/фs (Tc - tc) = 212 + 280 ( 429.8 - 212 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 280 + 393.23
= 302.58 0F
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 429.8 + 302.58 = 366.19 0F
2
Pada Tf didapatkan data : Kf = 0.0835 (tab. 4) Dari fig.12.9 didapat
μf = 1.90 cp (fig. 14) ho = 300
sf = 0.76 (fig. 6)
maka harga Tw = 212 + 300 ( 429.8 - 212 ) = 306.25 0F
300 + 393.23
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 429.8 + 306.25 = 368.03 0F
2
Uc = hio x ho = 393.23 x 300 = 170.17

hio + ho 393.23 + 300
∆P
Shell Tube
Tc = 429.80 F 0
tc = 212 F 0
De = 0.95 in = 0.079 ft ID = 0.58 in = 0.05 ft

μ 1.935 μ 0.665
= 263.737 = 9179.092
f = 0.0045 fig. 29 f = 0.00029 fig. 26
s = 0.0114 fig.6 s = 1 tab. 6
N + 1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt .L.n
2
2 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt
= 72 = 0.0003 x 125469.08 2
x 12 x 2
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs 5E+10 x 0.05 x 1 x 1
5,22.1010.De.s.фs = 0.04313 psi
= 5E-03 x 6.4.E+03 x 72 x 1.438
2
5.22E+10 x 0.079 x 0.01 x 1

= 0.412 psi V2 = 0.0022 (fig.27)
2 gc
∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
s 2 gc
= 4 x 0 x 0.002
1.00
= 0.000 psi
= 0.04313 + 0.000
= 0.043 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan PFAD hasil dari Deodorizer
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2.0 in
Pt = 1 in square
Passes = 1
Tube : Outside Diameter Tub = 3/4 in
BWG = 14
Passes = 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
20. Cooler (E-411)

90 0C
∆th = 126 0F 194 0F
160 0C 80 0C
E-411
320 0F 176 0F
∆tc = 90 0
F
30 C 0
86 0
F
Diketahui
Panjang = 12 ft
∆P = 10 psi
Fluida panas : Minyak RBDPO Fluida dingin : cooling water
= 43687.056 lb/hr = 29066.090 lb/hr
T1 = 320 0F t1 = 86 0F
T2 = 176 0F t2 = 194 0F
Tav = 248 0
F tav = 140 0
F
ʎ = 650 btu/lb
1. Neraca Panas
q = 3306811.520 kJ Q = 3306811.520 kJ
= 790327.953 kkal = 790327.953 kkal
= 3136021.31862 Btu = 3136021.31862 Btu
2. ∆t
R = (T1-T2) = 320 - 176 = 1.33 S = (t2-t1) = 194 - 86 = 0.46
(t2-t1) 194 - 86 (T1-t1) 320 - 86
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 90 - 126 = 106.99 0F
( )
126
∆t = Ft x LMTD
= 0.55 x 106.99
= 58.846 0F
3. Suhu kalorik
Minyak RBDPO (350API) ∆T = 144 0F Kc 0.3 Dipilih harga Kc = 0.3

} ∆tc/∆th = 1.4
Tc = T2 + Fc(T1 - T2) = 176 + 0.000 ( 320 - 176 ) = 176 0F
tc = t1 + Fc(t2 - t1) = 86 + 0 ( 194 - 86 ) = 86 0F
Trial Ud
Trial Ud = 80
menghitung A
A = Q = 3136021.318615
Ud x ∆t 80 x 58.846
= 666.152 ft2
ao" = 0.2618 ft2/ft
Nt = A = 666.152 = 212.04 buah - 213 buah
ao" x L 0.2618 x 12
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft IDs = 23 1/4 in = 1.938 ft
Ud koreksi = Q = 3136021.318615 = 79.640
A x ∆t 669.16 x 58.846
4. Peletakan aliran
Minyak RBDPO dilewatkan shell dan cooling water dilewatkan tube
Shell Tube
IDs = 23.3 in = 1.938 ft OD = 1 in
B = 2.0 in = 0.167 ft BWG = 14
n = 1 n = 1
Pt = 1 1/4 in = 0.104 ft L = 12 ft
= 1 1/4 - 1 a' = 0.546 in2 = 0.004 ft2
= 1/4 in = 0.0208 ft a" = 0.2618 ft/ft2
Pt x 144 n 144 x n
= 23 x 1/4 x 2.000 x 1 = 213 x 0.5
0.104 x 144 1 144 x 1
= 0.775 ft 2
= 0.8076 ft2
Gs = M = 43687.056 Gt = m = 29066.09
as 0.775 at 0.808
= 56370.395 lb/hr.ft 2
= 35989.59 lb/hr.ft2
Loading G"= W 3600ρ 3600 x 62.5
L x Nt 2/3
= 0.160
= 43687.056 = 102.07 Dari fig 25; hi = 395 x 0.96
12 x 213 2/3 = 379
hio = hi x ID = 379 x 0.834
фp фp OD 1.00
Asumsi ho = 180 = 316.25
tw = tc + ho/фs (Tc - tc) = 86 + 180 ( 176 - 86 )
ho/фs + hio/фt 180 + 316.25
= 118.64 F 0
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 248 + 118.64 = 183.32 0F

2
Pada Tf didapatkan data : Kf = 0.075 (fig. 1) Dari fig.12.9 didapat
μf = 1.19 cp (fig. 14) ho = 150
sf = 0.79 (fig. 6)
maka harga Tw = 86 + 150 ( 176 - 86 ) = 114.95 0F
150 + 316.25
Tf = (Tv + Tw)/2 = 248 + 114.95 = 181.48 0F
2
Uc = hio x ho = 316.25 x 150 = 101.74
hio + ho 316.25 + 150
∆P
Shell Tube
Tc = 176.00 0F tc = 86 0F
De = 0.99 in = 0.083 ft ID = 0.83 in = 0.07 ft
μ 2.225 μ 1.210
= 2089.687 = 2068.025
f = 0.003 fig. 29 f = 0.00038 fig. 26
s = 0.78 fig.6 s = 1 tab. 6
N+1 = 12 L/B = 12 x 12 ∆Pt,f = f.Gt2.L.n
2 5,22.1010.ID.s.фt
= 72 = 0.0004 x 35989.59 2
x 12 x 1
∆Ps,f = f.Gs2.(N+1).IDs 5E+10 x 0.07 x 1 x 1
5,22.10 .De.s.фs
10
= 0.00163 psi
= 3E-03 x 5.6.E+04 2 x 72 x 1.938
5.22E+10 x 0.083 x 0.78 x 1
= 0.396 psi V2 = 0.015 (fig.27)
2 gc
∆Pr = 4 x n x V2
s 2 gc
= 4 x 1 x 0.015
1.00
= 0.060 psi
= 0.00163 + 0.060
= 0.062 psi
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Mendinginkan minyak RBDPO sebelum masuk Kristalizer
Dimensi :
Baffle = 2.0 in
Passes = 1
BWG = 14
Passes = 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
21. Kristalizer
Kristalizer
X-410
Densitas :

Trigliserida 0.999 875.1 874.22
FFA 0.0005 875.1 0.44
Air 0.0005 988 0.49
Total 1 875.16

54.636 lb/ft3
: 43679.131 lb/jam
Ls : 1.5 d
densitas
: 43679.131 lb/jam
54.636 lb/ft3
: 799.457 ft3/jam = 22.385 m3/jam
: ( 799.457 x 1 )/ 1 tangki
: 799.457 ft = 22.385 m3
3

80%
: 799.457 ft3
80%
: 999.321 ft3 = 27.981 m3

999.321 ft3
= 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0,0847 di3
999.321 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di21,5di + 0,0847 di3
999.321 ft3 = 0,0847 di3 + 1.178 di3 + 0.0847 di3
999.321 ft3 = 1.347 di3
9.998 ft = 1.104 di
di = 9.998 ft
1.104
= 9.053 ft
= 108.635 in

= 799.457 ft3 - 62.842 ft3
= 736.614 ft3

736.614 ft3 = 3.14 x 9.053 2
x Llt
4
736.614 ft3 = 64.335 Llt
Llt = 11.450 ft
= 3.490 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρgLlt
= 54.636 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 11.450 ft
= 20126.804 lb/ft.s
= 20126.804 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 4.291 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 4.291 ) x 1.05

= 19.941 psia
= 1.356 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 19.941 x 108.635 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 19.941 )
= 0.083 + 1/8
= 0.208 in
16
= 3.334 in ≈ 4 = 1/4 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 108.635 + ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 109.135 in
= 2.772 m
= 114 - ( 2 x 1/4 )
= 113.500 in
= 9.458 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 9.458
= 18.916667 ft
= 227 in
= 5.766 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 19.941 x 108 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 19.941 )
= 0.147 + 1/8
= 0.272 in
16
= 4.346 ≈ 4 in
16 16

= 108 - 6 7/8
= 101.1 in
2
= 113.5 - 6 7/8
2
= 49.875 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 108 - (101,12 - 49,8752)0,5
= 20.030 in
= 0.25 + 20.030 + 3
= 23.280 in

= 23.280 + 23.280 + 227.000
= 273.560 in
= 6.948 m
Perancangan koil pendingin

Kondisi temperatur pada koil pendingin:
Suhu RBDPO masuk (T1)= 80 0C = 176 0
F
Suhu RBDPO keluar (T2) = 30 0
C = 86 0
F
Suhu chiller water (t1) = 10 0
C = 50 0
F
Suhu chiller water (t2) = 50 0C = 122 0F
Berdasarkan neraca energi didapatkan massa chiller wat = 12313.23 kg/jam
= 27145.747 lb/jam
Neraca panas = 2066159.73 kJ/jam
= 1958719.424 Btu/jam
LMTD = ∆th - ∆tc = 54 - 36 = 44.393 0F
( )
36
tc = 50 + 122 = 86 0F Tc = 176 + 86 = 131 0F
2 2
Ditetapkan ukuran pipa koil = 3/4 in Sch 40 (Kern, tab. 11)
ID = 0.824 in = 0.069 ft = 0.0209 m
a'' = 0.275 ft /ft
2
a' = 0.534 in2

Menghitung harga ho dan hio
Bejana Koil
ID = 9.458 ft
ρ = 54.636 lb/ft3
qf = 799.457 ft3/jam
A = 1/4πID2
= 1/4 x 3.14 x 9.458 2
= 70.226 ft2
v = qf/A = 799.46 = 11.384 ft/j
70.226
μ = 2.5 cp = 6.048 lb/jam.ft
Nre = IDρv
μ
= 9.458 x 54.636 x 11.384
6.048
= 972.78
JH = 65 (fig.28, Kern)
k(cμ/k) 1/3
= 0.27 (fig.16, Kern)
De = 0.95 in = 0.079 ft
ho = JHx(k/De)x(cμ/k)1/3x(μ/μw)0,14 hio = 150 Btu/j.ft2.0F
= 65 x 0.27 = 221.684
0.079 (Btu/j.ft2.0F)
Uc = hio x ho = 150 x 221.684 = 89.465 Btu/j.ft2.0F

hio + ho 150 + 221.684
Rd = 0.005
hd = 1 = 200 Btu/j.ft2.0F
0.005
Ud = Uc x hd = 89.465 x 200 = 61.814 Btu/j.ft2.0F
Uc + hd 89.465 + 200
L = A/a" = 70.226 = 255.37 ft
0.275
nc = L dimana dc = 5 ft maka
π x dc
nc = 255.37 = 16.265
3.14 x 5
Sehingga jumlah lilitan ditetapka = 17 buah
Jarak setiap lingkaran koil (hc) = 2 in maka
Tinggi koil (lc= (nc-1)(hc+de)
= ( 17 - 1 ) x ( 2 - 0.95 )
= 16.8 in
= 1.4 ft
Spesifikasi alat
Bahan : Plate steel SA - grade A type 410
Dimensi :
Bejana : Diameter = 113.5 in
Tinggi = 273.56 in
Tebal silinder = 1/4 in
Tebal head = 1/4 in
Koil : Ukuran koil = 3/4 in (Sch 40)
Diameter koil = 0.824 in
Tinggi koil = 16.8 in
Jumlah lilitan = 17 buah
Jumlah : 1 buah
22. Filter Press
Fungsi : Memisahkan Olein dan Stearin

Bahan konstruksi: Stainless Steel
Tipe : Pressure Filter Leaf
kondisi operasi = 20 0C
Waktu operasi = 1 jam
Komposisi filtrat
Olein 13805.556 875.1 0.9940 0.001
Stearin 69.444 875.1 0.0050 5.71E-06
FFA 6.944 875.1 0.0005 5.71E-07
Air 6.944 988 0.0005 5.06E-07
Total 13888.888 1 0.0011
1
= 0.0011 m3/kg
ρfiltrat
1
0.0011
μfiltrat = 0,324.ρ0,5.2,42
= 0.324 x 54.259 0,5
x 2.42 = 5.776 lb.ft/jam
= 0.0016 lb.ft/s
= 0.0024 kg.m/s
Komposisi cake
Olein 1039.128 875.1 0.175 2E-04
Stearin 4878.783 875.1 0.824 9E-04
FFA 2.962 875.1 0.001 6E-07
Air 2.962 988 0.001 5E-07
Total 5923.835 1 0.0011
1
= 0.0011 m3/kg
ρcake
1
ρcake = = 875.150 kg/m3 = 54.259 lb/ft3
0.0011
Cake :
Densitas 875.150
= 6.769 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 6.769 m3 = 1788.16 gal
Filtrat :
Densitas 875.150
= 15.870 m3/jam x 1 jam
= 15.870 m3 = 4192.49 gal
Rate filtrasi 5-20 gal/ft2.jam (Perry's ed 5, tab. 19-18)
20 x 1
Luas efektif 3.9
Jumlah frame 107
Luas efektif 3.9
Pressure Drop
Diasumsi :
α= 4.9E+10 m/kg
Rm = 1.06E+11 m-1
v = - ∆p
α.Cs.V
μ (
A
+ Rm )
Dimana
A = 54 x 39 = 2106 ft = 195.86 m 2 2
Cs = massa cake = 5923.8 = 373.27 kg/m3

V = 15.870 m3
α.Cs.V
- ∆p = v μ (
A
+ Rm )
- ∆p = 0.0002 x 0.0024 5E+10 x 373.27 x 15.870 + 1E+11
(
195.86
)
= 862094 N/m2 = 8.51 atm
Spesifikasi alat
Tipe : Leaf filter
Pressure drop : 8.51 atm
23. Tangki penampung Stearin
F-413
Fungsi : Menampung stearin

Densitas :

Olein 17.5415 875.1 153.51
FFA 0.05 875.1 0.44
Air 0.05 988 0.49
Stearin 82.3585 875.1 720.72
Total 100 3613.3 875.16

54.636 lb/ft3
: 13059.698 lb/jam
: 48 jam
Ls : 2 d
densitas
: 13059.698 lb/jam
54.636 lb/ft3
: 239.030 ft3/jam = 6.693 m3/jam
: ( 239.030 x 48 )/ 1 tangki
: 11473.438 ft = 321.256 m3
3

90%
: 11473.438 ft3
90%
: 12748.264 ft3 = 356.951 m3
12748.264 ft3
: 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0
12748.264 ft3 : 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di22di
12748.264 ft3 : 0,0847 di3 + 1.570 di3
12748.264 ft3 : 1.655 di3
23.361 ft : 1.183 di
di : 23.361 ft
1.183
: 19.750 ft
: 237.006 in

: 11473.438 ft3 - 0 ft3
: 11473.438 ft3

11473.438 ft3 : 3,14 x 19,750 x Llt
4
11473.438 ft3 : 306.199 Llt
Llt : 37.471 ft
: 11.421 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρ×gc×Llt
= 54.636 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 37.471 ft
= 65868.164 lb/ft.s
= 65868.164 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 14.043 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 14.043 ) x 1.05

= 30.180 psia
= 2.052 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 30.180 x 237.006 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 30.180 )
= 0.275 + 1/8
= 0.400 in
16
= 6.139 in ≈ 6 = 3/8 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 237.006 + ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 237.756 in
= 6.039 m
= 228 - ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.250 in
= 18.938 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 18.938
= 37.875 ft
= 454.500 in
= 11.544 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 30.180 x 170 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 30.180 )
= 0.349 + 1/8
= 0.474 in
16
= 7.590 ≈ 8 in
16 16

BC = rc - icr icr = 13 3/4
= 170 - 13 3/4
= 156.250 in
2
= 227.250 - 13 3/4
2
= 99.875 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 170 - (156,250 - 99,875)0,5
= 49.837 in
= 0.44 + 49.837 + 6
= 56.275 in

C x De x (
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/ √(26,258
th 𝑓
= 0.45 x 227.148 x/16250)
)
th = 4.360 in

= 56.275 + 4.360 + 454.500
= 515.135 in
= 13.084 m
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi :Menampung Palm Stearin
Type :Silinder tegak dengan tutup atas standart dished dan tutup bawah flat
Ukuran :Diameter outside : 237.756 in
jumlah : 1 buah
24. Tangki penampung Stearin
F-414
Fungsi : Menampung Palm Olein

Densitas :

Olein 99.4 875.1 869.85
FFA 0.05 875.1 0.44
Air 0.05 988 0.49
Stearin 0.5 875.1 4.38
Total 100 3613.3 875.16

54.636 lb/ft3
: 30619.469 lb/jam
: 48 jam
Ls : 2 d
densitas
: 30619.469 lb/jam
54.636 lb/ft3
: 560.426 ft3/jam = 15.692 m3/jam
: ( 560.426 x 48 )/ 1 tangki
: 26900.469 ft3 = 753.213 m3
90%
: 26900.469 ft3
90%
: 29889.410 ft3 = 836.903 m3
29889.410 ft3
: 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di2Ls + 0
29889.410 ft3 : 0,0847 di3 + ∏/4di22di
29889.410 ft3 : 0,0847 di3 + 1.570 di3
29889.410 ft3 : 1.655 di3
31.034 ft : 1.183 di
di : 31.034 ft
1.183
: 26.238 ft
: 314.857 in

: 26900.469 ft3 - 0 ft3
: 26900.469 ft3

26900.469 ft3 : 3,14 x 19,750 x Llt
4
26900.469 ft3 : 306.199 Llt
Llt : 87.853 ft
: 26.778 m

= (14,7 psia + ρgLlt) x 1,05
P hidro = ρ×gc×Llt
= 54.636 lb/ft3 x 32.174 ft/s x 87.853 ft
= 154432.994 lb/ft.s
= 154432.994 lb/ft.s x 14.7 psia
0,6895 x 105 lb/ft.s
= 32.925 psia
P design = ( 14.7 + 32.925 ) x 1.05

= 50.006 psia
= 3.400 atm
Dimana
ts = Pi di + C
2(fE - 0,6Pi)
= 50.006 x 314.857 + 1/8
2 ( 16250 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 50.006 )
= 0.606 + 1/8
= 0.731 in
16
= 6.139 in ≈ 6 = 3/8 in
16 16
OD = di + 2 ts
= 314.857 + ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 315.607 in
= 8.016 m
= 228 - ( 2 x 3/8 )
= 227.250 in
= 18.938 ft
Ls = 2 di standard
= 2 x 18.938
= 37.875 ft
= 454.500 in
= 11.544 m

f E - 0,1 Pi
= 0.885 x 50.006 x 170 + 1/8
( 16250 x 0.8 ) - ( 0.1 x 50.006 )
= 0.579 + 1/8
= 0.704 in
16
= 11.262 ≈ 8 in
16 16

BC = rc - icr icr = 13 3/4
= 170 - 13 3/4
= 156.250 in
2
= 227.250 - 13 3/4
2
= 99.875 in
h = rc - (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 170 - (156,250 - 99,875)0,5
= 49.837 in
= 0.44 + 49.837 + 6
= 56.275 in

C x De x (
𝑝 De = Di & C = 0.45
/ √(26,258
th 𝑓
= 0.45 x 227.148 x/16250)
)
th = 4.360 in

= 56.275 + 4.360 + 454.500
= 515.135 in
= 13.084 m
Spesifikasi alat
Fungsi : Menampung Palm Olein
jumlah : 1 buah
p bawah flat
p bawah flat
light organik
standart dished

Appendix C1

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APPENDIX C

PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT

1. Tangki Penampung CPO

Fungsi : Menampung CPO

Komponen xi (%) ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Didapatkan ρcampuran = 875.33 kg/m3

Volume liquid : (rate volumetrik x waktu tinggal)/18tangki

11133.269 ft3 : 1.2530 di3

Menghitung tinggi liquid dalam tangki (Llt)

Volume liquid dalam silinde : ∏/4di2Llt

Menghitung tebal dan tinggi silinder

P design = ( 14.7 + 11.153 ) x 1.05

Menghitung tebal tutup berbentuk konis (th)

Menghitung tinggi tutup berbentuk konis (h)

Total tinggi tangki = tinggi tutup atas + th + Ls

Fungsi : Mengalirkan CPO ke tangki Bleacher

Laju alir xi xi/ρi Q

Trigliserida 19790.920 95.62 875.1 0.001 22.616

Rumus : Perry 5th ed, hal 3-247

Rate volumetrik (qf = Rate bahan masuk

Berdasarkan Appendix A.5 Geankoplis, didapatkan :

Menghitung total friction loses, yang meliputi :

2. Friksi pada pipa lurus

3. Friksi pada elbow dan valve

2 x 1/2 x 32.174 2 x 1/2 x 32.174

0.668 2 - 0.572 2 + 9.449 x 32.174 + 0 + 0.039 + Ws = 0

Kapasitas = Rate bahan masuk = 45629.640 = 834.995 ft3/jam

Dari data kapasitas didapat nilai effisiensi pom = 40%

BHP = m x Wp dimana m = Rate bahan masuk = 45629.64 lbm/jam

Fluida dingin : Minyak CPO Fluida panas : steam

1. Tangki Penampung CPO

Fungsi : Menampung CPO

Komponen xi (%) ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Didapatkan ρcampuran = 875.326 kg/m3

Menghitung tinggi liquid dalam tangki (Llt)

Volume liquid dalam silinde : ∏/4di2Llt

Menghitung tebal dan tinggi silinder

P design = ( 14.7 + 13.461 ) x 1.05

Menghitung tebal tutup berbentuk standard dished (th)

Menghitung tinggi tutup berbentuk standard dished (h)

Menghitung tebal tutup flat head

Total tinggi tangki = tinggi tutup atas + th + Ls

Fluida dingin : Minyak CPO Fluida panas : steam

Menghitung clean overall (Uc)

4. Tangki Penampung Asam Phospat

Fungsi : Menampung Asam Phospat

Komponen xi (%) ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Didapatkan ρcampuran = 1746.20 kg/m3

Volume tangki : volume liquid

Menghitung tinggi liquid dalam tangki (Llt)

Volume liquid dalam silinde : ∏/4di2Llt

Menghitung tebal dan tinggi silinder

P design = ( 14.7 + 4.077 ) x 1.05

Menghitung tebal tutup berbentuk standard dished (th)

Menghitung tinggi tutup berbentuk standard dished (h)

Menghitung tebal tutup flat head

Total tinggi tangki = tinggi tutup atas + th + Ls

6. Gudang Penyimpanan Bleaching Earth

Fungsi : Menyimpan Bleaching Earth

Komponen xi (%) ρ (kg/m3) ρ.xi

Didapatkan ρ bahan = 3950.00 kg/m3

Menentukan tinggi storage