CLINICAL CHEM 2 MLS 115

LESSON 4: TRACE ELEMENTS 01-03-22

WILLIAM CHRISTOPHER C. SALAZAR, RMT

TRACE ELEMENTS
• Consists of metals, halogens, fluoride, and iodine.
• Essential trace elements are important for the maintenance of normal health, and tissue and organ functions.
• Trace elements have specific in vivo metabolic functions that cannot be effectively performed by other similar elements.
• Concentration in tissue: <1 μg/g of wet tissue and <0.01% of dry body weight.

TRACE
FUNCTION DEFICIENCY TOXICITY
ELEMENTS
• Insulin resistance
Enhances insulin action: for glucose and • Impaired glucose tolerance (type 2 • Skin ulcers.
Chromium
lipid metabolism. DM) • Renal and Hepatic necrosis.
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hgb synthesis. • Anemia. • Heart failure.
Cobalt
• Component of vit. B12. • Growth depression. • Hypothyroidism.
• Cellular respiration. • Menkes’ kinky hair syndrome. Interferes with absorption of iron and
Copper
• Collagen synthesis. • Muscle weakness. zinc.
Fluoride Prevents dental caries Dental caries
• Goiter.
Iodine Thyroid hormone synthesis. • Cretinism. Thyrotoxicosis.
• Myxedema.
• Oxy transport.
Iron Anemia Hemachromatosis.
• Component of hgb.
• Psychiatric disorders.
Manganese Bone and connective tissue functions. Skeletal defects.
• Parkinson’s disease.
• Growth depression.
• Anemia.
Molybdenum DNA metabolism. • Cretinism.
• Thyrotoxicosis.
• Goiter.
• Hair and nail loss.
Selenium Prevents oxidative damage of lipids. Keshan disease.
• Liver failure.
• Acrodermatitis.
• Enteropathica • Infants:
- Seizures
• Growth retardation.
• Protein synthesis. - Irritability
Zinc • Immune deficiency.
• Enzyme cofactor. - Anemia
• Infertility.
• Adults:
• Delayed wound healing. - Facial seborrhea.
• Osteoporosis.

KUNG NA KAYA NILA, KAYA RIN NATEN!!!

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