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maSin, roca X B X A ;
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𝑈(𝑋 𝐴 ) = 𝑈(𝑋 𝐵 ), maSin da mxolod maSin, roca momxmareblisTvis, sargeb-
lianobis TvalsazrisiT, 𝐴 da 𝐵 nakrebebi erTmaneTis ekvivalenturia:
A
X ~ X B . ufro metic, saqonelTa nakrebebs Soris upiratesobis tranzitu-
lobis pirobebidan gamomdinareobs, rom, Tu 𝑈(𝑋 𝐴 ) > 𝑈(𝑋 𝐵 ) da 𝑈(𝑋 𝐵 ) > 𝑈(𝑋 𝐶 ),
maSin A B , B C da A C .
zogad SemTxvevaSi moiTxoveba, rom sargeblianobis funqcia iyos
uwyvetad gansazRvruli pirveli da meore rigis warmoebulebis mqone fun-
qcia, romelsac Semdegi Tvisebebi gaaCnia:
𝜕𝑈(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , ⋯ , 𝑥𝑛 )
1) = 𝑢𝑗, > 0 , 𝑗 = 1,2, ⋯ , 𝑛,
𝜕𝑥𝑗
e.i. Tu 𝑥𝑙𝐴 = 𝑥𝑙𝐵 yvela 𝑙 ≠ 𝑗 -sTvis da romelime 𝑗 -sTvis 𝑥𝑗𝐴 > 𝑥𝐽𝐵 , maSin 𝑈(𝑋 𝐴 ) >
𝑈(𝑋 𝐵 );
𝜕 2 𝑈(𝑋)
2) 2 = 𝑢𝑗,, < 0 , 𝑗 = 1,2, ⋯ , 𝑛 ,
𝜕𝑥𝑗
amasTan, igulisxmeba, rom meore rigis kerZo warmoebulebisgan,
𝜕 2 𝑈(𝑋) ,, 𝜕 2 𝑈(𝑋)
= 𝑢𝑖𝑗 = = 𝑢𝑗𝑖,, , 𝑖, 𝑗 = 1,2, ⋯ , 𝑛
𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑖
Sedgenili heses matrica,
𝜕 2 𝑈(𝑋)
𝐻= ,
𝜕𝑋 2
uaryofiTad gansazRvrulia. SegaxsenebT, rom, ganmartebis Tanaxmad, 𝐻 uar-
yofiTad gansazRvrulad iTvleba, Tu nebismieri aranulovani 𝑌 veqtor-sve-
tisTvis, romlis ganzomilebaa 𝑛 × 1, sruldeba utoloba: 𝑌 𝑇 𝐻𝑌 < 0, sadac 𝑇
transponirebis niSania.
aq CamoTvlilTagan pirveli Tviseba gveubneba, rom sxva Tanabar piro-
bebSi Tu izrdeba erTi romelime saqonlis moxmareba, maSin izrdeba saqo-
nelTa nakrebis samomxmareblo Sefaseba. meore Tvisebis Tanaxmad, nebismi-
eri saqonlis zRvruli sargeblianoba mcirdeba misi moxmarebis gadidebi-
sas sxva Tanabar pirobebSi. am Tvisebas klebadi sargeblianobis kanoni
ewodeba; sxvanairad mas gosenis pirvel kanonsac uwodeben.
ganxiluli Tvisebebis pirobebSi sargeblianobis funqcia mkacrad Caz-
neqilia. maSasadame, saqonelTa 𝑛 ganzomilebian 𝐶 sivrceze gansazRvruli
𝑈(𝑋) funqcia nebismieri ori erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli 𝑋 𝐴 da 𝑋 𝐵 werti-
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lisTvis, da nebismieri namdvili 0 < 𝛼 < 1 ricxvisTvis, Semdeg utolobas
akmayofilebs:
𝑈[𝛼𝑋 𝐴 + (1 − 𝛼)𝑋 𝐵 ] > 𝛼𝑈(𝑋 𝐴 ) + (1 − 𝛼)𝑈(𝑋 𝐵 ).
nax. 1.1
(∆𝑥1 → 0), maSin erTi saqonlis meoreTi Canacvlebis siCqaris Sefasebas warm-
oadgens Canacvlebis zRvruli norma 𝑀𝑅𝑆12 (Marginal Rate Substitution):
MRS12 = lim (− x 2 / x1 ) = −(dx2 / dx1 ) .
x1 →0
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U U
dU = dx1 + dx2 0.
x1 x 2
aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom
dx2 U U U1
− = = ,
dx1 x1 x2 U 2
anu
𝑀𝑅𝑆12 = 𝑈1′ /𝑈2′ .
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saqonlis fasi, xolo Semosavals 𝑀 -iT, maSin saqonelTa nakrebis simra-
vlem, romelic xelmisawvdomia momxmareblisaTvis mocemuli fasebisa da
Semosavlis pirobebSi, Semdeg utoloba unda daakmayofilos:
𝑃𝑋 ≤ 𝑀, anu ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑝𝐽 𝑥𝑗 ≤ 𝑀, (1.2)
sadac 𝑝𝑗 𝑥𝑗 aris 𝑗 saqonlis 𝑥𝑗 raodenobis SeZenis danaxarji. momxmareb-
lisTvis saqonelTa kombinaciebis xelmisawvdomi anu dasaSvebi simravle ,
{𝑋 ∈ 𝐸 𝑛 | 𝑃𝑋 ≤ 𝑀, 𝑋 ≥ 0},
aris saqonelTa sivrcis aracarieli kompaqturi (Caketili da SemosazR-
vruli) amozneqili qvesimravle.
sabiujeto SezRudvis daxasiaTebisas zogjer sakmarisia Semovifar-
gloT ori saqonlis SemTxvevis ganxilviT:
𝑝1 𝑥1 + 𝑝2 𝑥2 ≤ 𝑀.
aseTi midgoma imaze zogad xasiaTs atarebs, vidre erTi SexedviT Cans,
radganac aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi mocemuli oridan erT-erTi saqoneli
SegviZlia yvela im danarCen saqonelTa warmomadgenlad ganvixiloT, ro-
melTa moxmarebac individs surs. magaliTad, Tu gvinda SeviswavloT moT-
xovna kvebis romelime produqtze, 𝑥1 -iT SegviZlia aRvniSnoT misi Tviuri
moxmareba, 𝑥2 -iT ki _ yvela danarCeni saqoneli, romlis SeZenac mocemul
TveSi surs momxmarebels. meore saqonlis aseTi interpretaciisas 𝑥2 -s kom-
pozituri saqoneli ewodeba da, faqtobrivad, gamosaxavs yvela danarCen sa-
qonelze dasaxarji Tanxis raodenobas, xolo 𝑝2 avtomaturad udris 1-s.
saqonelTa dasaSvebi qvesimravlidan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia iseTi
nakrebebi, romelTa jamuri Rirebuleba zustad 𝑀 -is tolia. aseTi nakrebi
aRniSnuli qvesimravlis sazRvarze mdebareobs da sabiujeto wirs warmoq-
mnis, romlis gantolebaa:
𝑛
∑ 𝑝𝐽 𝑥𝑗 = 𝑀.
𝑗=1
es gamosaxuleba 𝑛 = 2 -isTvis wrfea, 𝑛 = 3 -isTvis _ sibrtyea, xolo zogad
SemTxvevaSi _ hipersibrtye. ori saqonlis SemTxvevaSi sabiujeto SezRudva
aris wrfis monakveTi saqonelTa sivrceSi. amaSi advilad davrwmundebiT,
Tu (1.3) gantolebas,
𝑝1 𝑥1 + 𝑝2 𝑥2 = 𝑀, (1.3)
Semdegnairad gadavwerT:
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𝑀 𝑝1
𝑥2 = − 𝑥1 . (1.4)
𝑝2 𝑝2
(1.4) aris wrfis gantoleba, romelSic 𝑀/𝑝2 gvevlineba Tavisufali
wevris rolSi da gamosaxavs 𝑥2 -Tan gadakveTas, fasebis Sefardeba, 𝑝1⁄𝑝2 , ki
wrfis daxras gansazRvravs. am Sefardebas „lamazi“ ekonomikuri interpre-
tacia gaaCnia. kerZod, sabiujeto wiris daxra, 𝑝1⁄𝑝2 , gviCvenebs proporcias,
romlis Sesabamisadac bazari Tanaxmaa meore saqonlis garkveuli raodeno-
ba “Caanacvlos” pirveli saqonlis Sesabamisi raodenobiT. zogjer amboben,
rom sabiujeto wiris daxra gamosaxavs pirveli saqonlis moxmarebis (SeZe-
nis) alternatiul danaxarjebs.
saqonelTa sivrceSi gamavali sabiujeto SezRudvis wrfe gamosaxulia
nax. 1.2-ze. rodesac momxmarebeli pirveli saqonels ar yidulobs da mTeli
Semosavali mimarTulia me-2 saqonlis SeZenaze, cxadia, am ukanasknelis
SeZenis raodenoba maqsimaluria da Seadgens 𝑀⁄𝑝2 -s (nax. 1.2). meore saqo-
nelze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi ki momxmarebels SeuZlia SeiZinos pirveli
saqonlis maqsimaluri raodenoba 𝑀⁄𝑝1 . maSasadame, wertilebi (0, 𝑀⁄𝑝2 ) da
(𝑀⁄𝑝1, 0) sabiujeto wrfis kidura wertilebia.
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2. samomxmareblo arCevanis optimizaciis amocana
𝜕𝐿⁄𝜕𝜆 = 𝑀 − 𝑝1 𝑥1 − 𝑝2 𝑥2 = 0. (2.8)
nax. 2.1.
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avxsnaT nax. 2.1-ze moyvanili momxmareblis wonasworobis gamosaxuleba.
pirobiTi optimumis aucilebeli pirobebis Tanaxmad momxmareblis optima-
(2.10)
𝐺(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ) = 𝑀 − 𝑝1 𝑥1 − 𝑝2 𝑥2 .
𝜕𝐺 ⁄𝜕𝑥1 = − 𝑝1 , 𝜕𝐺 ⁄𝜕𝑥2 = − 𝑝2 .
maSasadame, (2.10)-is Tanaxmad, miznis funqciis gradienti da funqcia-
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