UNIT 9: THE POST OFFICE

VOCABULARY
READING 28. document ['dɔkjumənt] (n) tài liệu
1. advanced [əd'vɑ:nst](a) tiên tiến 29. Flower Telegram Service (n) dịch vụ điện hoa
2. courteous ['kə:tjəs] (a) lịch sự 30. greetings card (n) thiệp chúc mừng
3. equip [i'kwip] (v) trang bị 31. install [in'stɔ:l] (v) lắp đặt
4. express [iks'pres] (a) nhanh 32. registration [,redʒi'strei∫n] (n) sự đăng ký
5. Express Mail Service (EMS) dịch vụ chuyển phát nhanh 33. telephone line (n) đường dây điện thoại
6. facsimile [fæk'simili] (n) bản sao, máy fax LISTENING
7. graphic [græfik] (n) hình đồ họa 34. advantage [əd'vɑ:ntidʒ] (n) thuận lợi ≠
8. Messenger Call Service (n) dịch vụ điện thoại disadvantage (n)
9. notify ['noutifai] (v) thông báo 35. capacity [kə'pæsiti] (n) công suất
10. parcel ['pɑ:s(ə)l] (n) bưu kiện 36. cellphone (n) điện thoại di động
11. press [pres] (n) báo chí 37. commune ['kɔmju:n] (n) xã
12. receive [ri'si:v] (v) nhận 38. demand [di'mɑ:nd] (n) nhu cầu
13. recipient [ri'sipiənt] (n) người nhận 39. digit ['didʒit] (n) chữ số
14. secure [si'kjuə] (a) an toàn, bảo đảm 40. expansion [iks'pæn∫n] (n) sự mở rộng
-> security [si'kjuərəti] (n) an ninh 41. fixed [fikst] (a) cố định
15. service ['sə:vis] (n) dịch vụ 42. reduction [ri'dʌk∫n] (n) sự giảm bớt
16. spacious ['spei∫əs] (a) rộng rãi 43. rural ['ruərəl] network (n) mạng lưới nông
17. speedy ['spi:di] (a) nhanh chóng thôn
18. staff [stɑ:f] (n) đội ngũ 44. subscriber [səb'skraibə] (n) thuê bao
19. subscribe [səb'skraib] (v) đăng ký, đặt mua (dài hạn) 45. upgrade [ʌp'greid] (v) nâng cấp
20. surface mail (n) thư gửi đường bộ , đường biển WRITING
21. technology [tek'nɔlədʒi] (n) công nghệ 46. attitude ['ætitju:d] (n) thái độ
22. thoughtful ['θɔ:tfl] (a) sâu sắc 47. dissatisfaction [di,sætis'fæk∫n] (n) sự không hài
23. transfer ['trænsfə:] (n;v) chuyển lòng ≠ satisfaction (n) sự hài lòng
24. transmit [trænz'mit] (v) gửi, phát, truyền 48. punctuality [,pʌηkt∫u'æləti] (n) tính đúng giờ
25. well-trained (a) lành nghề 49. quality ['kwɔliti] (n) chất lượng
SPEAKING 50. reasonable ['ri:znəbl] (a) hợp lý
26. clerk [klɑ:k] (n) thư ký 51. resident ['rezidənt] (n) người dân
27. customer ['kʌstəmə] (n) khách hàng 52. - arrogant (a) : kiêu ngạo
53.

EXERCISES
I. Vocabulary
Exercise 1: Complete each following sentences with one word in the box

Competitive transmission dissatisfied. convenient courteous

delivered transfer facsimile thoughtful commune

1. At present, 93 per cent of _________________ across Viet Nam have telephone services
2. Newspapers and magazines are often ____________ early in the morning.
3. He was a kind and ____________ mailman.
4. Fax transmission has now become a cheap and ________way to transmit texts and graphics over
distance.
5. We offer a wide range of goods at very ___________________ prices.
6. If you are _______________ with our service, please write to the manager.
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 7. I need to________________ $1,000 to my daughter’s account.
8. If you want to send a document and do not want to lose its original shape, our ______________ service
will help you.
9. Thank you for phoning when I was ill. It was very ____ of you.

dissatisfaction service equipment complained prices

punctuality security staff helpful

I have been using the services provided by Thanh Ba post office for many years. And now , I would like
to write to you to express my satisfaction and (1)…………….. about the post office’s…………….
Firstly, your post office is well- equipped the quality of (2)………… is good. My friends have never (3)
……………about the quality of the documents I sent them.
Secondly, the (4)………..of services is reasonable and I am always satisfied with the (5)………….of
delivery of letters and newspapers. However I am dissatisfied with the (6)………….conditions of the post
office. Although the parking area is large, no one keeps motorcycles or bicycles. I always feel worried about
leaving my motorbike there.
My last dissatisfaction is the attitude of some of your (7)……….. They sometimes seem a bit cold and
not (8)…………..
I hope your post office will increasingly develop in the future

Execise 2: choose the words that has the closest meaning with the underlined words
1. He was a kind and courteous mailman.
a, polite b, strict c. unpleasant d. rude

2. Newspapers and magazines are often delivered early in the morning.

a. offered b, given c. provided d. distributed
3. There was no mention of the incident (bất ngờ) in the national press.
a. television b. newspapers c. Internet d. radio
4. I wish you a speedy recovery from your illness to return o work soon.
a. thoughtful b. gradual c. well-trained d. quick
5. The Messenger Call Service helps you to notify the recipient of the time and the place to receive the
call.
a. receiver b.fax c. call d. telephone
6. Thanh Ba post office has a spacious and plesant front office
a. large b. beautiful c. cramped d. small
7. It is impolite when you ask an american about their age, marriage and income
a. courteous b. rude c. friendly d. thoughtful
Exercise 3: Read and answer the questions
When you have a post-office box, the postman does not bring letters to you , but you go to the post-office
and get your letters and parcels from your box. The box is locked , and you have the key, so the letters are quite
safe.
One day, the headteacher of a school wrote to the post-office and asks for a post-office box for his school.
He soon got an answer. It said, “We will give you a post-office in one month”
Three months later, the headteacher wrote to the post-office again and said,” Why haven’t we got a pot-
office yet?”. This was how the post-office answered:
“ Dear Sir,
We gave you a post-office box 2 months ago and wrote to you then to tell you. Here is the key to your box.
You will find our letter to you in it”
1. What happens when you have a post-office box?
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Why are letters safe when they are in a post-office box?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Why did the headmaster write to the post-office?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why did he write to the post-office 3 months later?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. When do you think the headmaster will receive the key to his post-box?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
II. Preposition
1. We subscribed __________several sports channels on television.
2. I would like to send these letters ________ air mail.
3. could you please provide us ____________ some modern equipment?
4. How far is your house away _____________ the city center?
5. Our office is equipped _________ advanced technology
6. Are you satisfied ____________ the security of the post office

III. Matching : Match the saying/questions in A with the responses in B

A B answer
1. Could you send this document to my office by A. Your’re welcome 1. ____
fax ? B. I would like to make a phone call, 2. ____
2. Thank you for the nice present. please. 3. ____
3. Excuse me! C. It is thirty thousand dongs 4. ____
4. How much is monthly fee? D. Yes? What can I do for you, Madam? 5. ____
5. Good morning, sir. What can I help you? E. Certainly! 6. ____
6. Can I give you some more coffee? F. How do you do! 7. ____
7. How do you do? G. No, thanks

IV. GRAMMAR
Exercise 1: Multiple choices
1. I cannot tell you all ____ I heard.
A. which B. that C. as D. because
2. I can answer the question ____ you say is very difficult.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
3. This is Mr. Jones, ____ invention has helped hundreds of deaf people.
A. which B. that C. whose D. whom
4. Tom, ____ sits next to me, is from Canada.
A. that B. whom C. who D. whose
5. The volunteers, ____ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
6. Many scientists have claimed that ____ like music are often good at mathematics.
A. children B. children who C. children whom D. whose children
7. My friend, ____ I visited lask week, is taking a holiday soon.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
8. The doctor is examining a patient ____ was taken to hospital last night.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
9. A pacifist is a person ____ believes that all wars are wrong.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
10. My friend, ____ hated horror film, refused to go to the cinema with me.
A. whom B. which C. whose D. who
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11 Summer is the time of the year ____ the weather is the hottest.
A. when B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
12. The reason ____ Jim has just lost his job is that he didn’t work hard enough.
A. why B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
13. The woman ____ Ann must take care of is very poor and old.
A. whom B. that C. who D. All are correct
14.Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
15. She ate an apple ____ was still green.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
16.Betty is the most intelligent girl ____ I have ever met.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
17.This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father.
A. who B. whose C. that D.All are correct

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences, using relative clause

Defining relative clauses:
1. You live in a town. The town is very old.
………………………………………………………………………..
2. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday
……………………………………………………………………….
3. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to the market.
………………………………………………………………………
4. The football match was very exciting. My friend played in it.
……………………………………………………………………...
5. The students are from Japan. They sit next to Mary
…………………………………………………………………
6. The police caught the thief. He had stolen the money
………………………………………………………………….
7. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it
…………………………………………………………………….

Non-defining relative clauses:

1. Freddie Mercury died in 1992. He was a famous singer.
………………………………………………………………………
2. The Eiffel Tower is a famous French landmark. The Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel
……………………………………………………………………...
3. Picasso is known all over the world now. His paintings were not understood at first.
………………………………………………………………………
4. Madrid is the capital of Spain. My uncle is living there
……………………………………………………………...............
5. Tom Cruise is a famous actor. Tom Cruise’s wife is also an actress.
……………………………………………………………………..
6. Jack is my new friend. His parents come from China.
…………………………………………………………………….
7. I’ve just met Susan. Her husband works in London.
…………………………………………………………………….
8. This house belongs to my family. It was built over 100years
…………………………………………………………………….

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Defining relative clauses , non-defining relative clauses:

1.I met Mr Da Silva. He is the President of Brazil

…………………………………………………
2.Our television is always making funny noises. It cost us a lot of money.
………………………………………………………
3. I heard some news. The news shocked me
………………………………………………………
4.This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
………………………………………………………
5.The woman has arrived. I was speaking of her.
………………………………………………………
6.The boys clapped heartily. They were watching the match.
………………………………………………………..
7.Freddie Mercury died in 1992. I admired him very much.
………………………………………………………………………
8.The Eiffel Tower is a famous French landmark. The Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel
……………………………………………………………………...
9.What's the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress.
………………………………………………………………………..
10. The students are from Japan. You talked to them last night
…………………………………………………………………

I. Complete the following sentences

Rude equipped staff spacious installed

1. Thanh Ba post office has a _____________ and plesant front office

2. It is _______________ when you ask an american about their age, marriage and income
3. Our office is _________ with advanced technology
4. I would like to have a telephone line ____________ at home
5. Your ________ sometimes seem a bit cold and not helpful
II. Give meaning oø the following words
1. Deliver: __________________ 4. Security: _____________
2. upgrade: _________________
3. satisfaction: ________________ 5. speedy: _______________
III. Write the sentences using relative clause( who, whom, whose, which…)
1. I’ve just met Susan. Her husband works in London.
…………………………………………………………………….
2. Television is very popular nowadays. It attracts millions of viewers in the world
………………………………………………………………….
3.That house belongs to my family. You saw it yesterday
…………………………………………………………………….
4. What's the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress.
………………………………………………………………………..
5. The students are from Japan. You talked to them last night
…………………………………………………………………

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 I. Complete the following sentences
Rude equipped staff spacious installed

6. Thanh Ba post office has a _____________ and plesant front office

7. It is _______________ when you ask an american about their age, marriage and income
8. Our office is _________ with advanced technology
9. I would like to have a telephone line ____________ at home
10. Your ________ sometimes seem a bit cold and not helpful
II. Give meaning oø the following words
4. Deliver: __________________ 4. Security: _____________
5. upgrade: _________________
6. satisfaction: ________________ 5. speedy: _______________
III. Write the sentences using relative clause( who, whom, whose, which…)
2. I’ve just met Susan. Her husband works in London.
…………………………………………………………………….
2. Television is very popular nowadays. It attracts millions of viewers in the world
………………………………………………………………….
3.That house belongs to my family. You saw it yesterday
…………………………………………………………………….
4. What's the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress.
………………………………………………………………………..
5. The students are from Japan. You talked to them last night
…………………………………………………………………

UNIT 10 - NATURE IN DANGER

I. Choose the words whose underlined part is diffrenrlt pronounced from others.
1. chemical discharge change feature
2. nature nation suggestion situation
3. scatter panda capture devastate
4. danger village tiger origin
5. supply dirty energy happy

II. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in the box.
endanger scatter coexist pollute devastate
discharge prohibit survive protect capture
1. Many birds didn't ______ the severe winter.
2. Animals shouldn't be ______ for recreation arid entertainment.
3. The health of our children are being ______ by exhaust fumes.
4. The factory was fined for ______ chemicals into the river.
5. The explosion ______ a flock of birds roosting in the trees.
6. Laws have been introduced to ______ killing endangered animals,
7. The air in the city is heavily ______ with traffic fumes.
8. The government should do more to ______ the environment.
9. It is possible for local wildlife to ______ with industry.
10. Western India was ______ by a huge earthquake.

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III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
1. The panda's ______ habitat is the bamboo forest.
a. nature b. natural c. naturalized d. naturally
2. Learners can feel very ______ if an exercise is too difficult.
a. courageous b. encouraging c. discouraged d. discouragingly
3. The ______ friendly products are designed not to harm the natural environment.
a. environment b. environmental c. environmentally d. environmentalism
4. The waste from the chemical factory is extremely ______.
a. harm b. harmful c. unharmed d. harmless
5. People are destroying the air by adding ______ to it.
a. pollutants b. polluters c. pollution d. polluted
6. 14 per cent of primate species are highly ______.
a. danger b. dangerous c. endanger d. endangered
7. The ______ of old buildings should be taken into consideration.
a. preserve b. preservation c. preservative d. preserves
8. You have to be aware of the damage humans are doing to quicken the ______ of wildlife.
a. extinct b. extinctive c. extinctions d. extinction
9. Animal ______ supporters gathered to protest' against hunting.
a. protect b. protection c. protective d. protectionist
10. The main threat to the ______ of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.
a. survive b. survivor c. survival d. survivable

IV. Combine the following pairs or groups of sentences using relative pronouns.
1. Her many friends gave her encouragement. I like to be considered among them.
Her many friends _______________________________________
2. Her father died last year. She looked after him for over twenty years.
Her father _____________________________________________
3. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.
The bed _______________________________________________
4. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
There wasn't ___________________________________________
5. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
The chair ______________________________________________
6. Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him.
Mr Smith _______________________________________________
7. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
I ______________________________________________________
8. Graham took us to his office. It was filled with books.
The office _______________________________________________
9. Mr Marks is unhappy about the plans for the new dam. The stream flows across his farm.
Mr Marks _______________________________________________
10. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees. Some of them had been at sea for several months.
They ___________________________________________________

V. Suggest corrections or improvements to these sentences or write  if they are already correct.
1. The playground wasn't used by the children for who it was built;
2. The house into which the thieves broke is owned by Peter Brown.
3. The building from that Mr Marcus emerged was little more than a ruin.
4. The party, to which I've been looking forward all week, is at Mary's house.
5. The water that she fell into was freezing cold.
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6. The college is home to 30 students from Nepal, almost all of who are studying economics.
7. I have heard her on the violin and clarinet, both which she plays extremely well.
8. It was the perfect tree under that to sit on a hot, sunny day.
9. The film was made at Tulloch Castle, part of it dates back to 1466.
10. A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt.

VI. Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition.

1. A number of rare animals are now in danger ______ extinction.
2. If people's interference ______ the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-
spring.
3. The government should do more to protect rare animals ______ being extinct.
4. She believes there is life ______ other planets.
5. The EU has imposed a ban ______ the import of seal skins.
6. People are destroying the air by adding pollutants ______ it.
7. Human beings are responsible ______ the changes in the environment.

VII. Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.

1. Despite of (A)a language barrier, humans (B)have managed to communicate with others (C )through sign
language, in which (D) certain motions stand for letters, words, or ideas.
2. Radio stations at which (A) broadcast only news (B) first appeared (C) in the (D) 1970s.
3. JKL Motorbikes sells (a) six different models, the first which (b)they started (c) making (d) in 1985.
4. Visitors were (a) not permitted entering (b) the park after dark because of (c) the lack of (d) security and
lighting.
5. If Monique had not attended (A) the party, she never would meet (B) her old friend Dan, whom (C) she had
not seen (D) for years.
VIII. Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box.
represents fueled oversee alarming lost imported
establish reduced covered sought derived cleared.
The rate at which the deforestation of the world is proceeding is (31) _______. In the 1950 approximately
25 percent of the earth's land surface had been (32) _______ with forests, and less than twenty-five years later
the amount of the forest land was (33) _______ to 20 percent. This decrease from 25 percent to 20 percent from
1950 to 1973 (34) _______ an astounding 20 million square kilometers of forests. Predictions are that all,
additional 20 million square kilometers of forest land will be (35) _______ by 2020.
The majority of deforestation is occuring in the tropical forests in developing countries, (36) _______ by the
developing countries' need for increased agricultural land and the desire on the part of developed countries to
import wood and wood products. More than 90 percent of the plywood used in the United States, for example,
is (37) _______ from, developing countries with tropical rain forests. By the mid-1980s, solutions to this
expanding problem were being (38) _______, in the form of attempts to (39) _______ an international
regulatory organization to (40) _______ the use of tropical forests.
PRACTICE TEST 1
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. endanger b. disappear c. prohibit d. destruction
2. a extinct b. human c. species d. planet
3. a. respect b. effort c. exist d. supply
4. a. condition b. pollutant c. however d. influence
5. a. action b. habit c. danger d. survive

Choose the correct answer

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6. Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised.
a. established b. collapsed c. delayed d. decreased
7. The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly.
a. dangerously b. quickly c. mostly d. gradually
8. A species of animal or plant that is _______ no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a
particular place.
a. extinct b. rare c. survival d. productive
9. Those who concern are very worried about the _____ of many species.
a. disappearance b. establishment c. supply d. provision
10. Because of people's _____ with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare.
a. supply b. survival c. influence d. interference
11. Tropical forests have supplied us with many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and industry.
a. affected b. influenced c. changed d. provided
12. It is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in ______ wild.
a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
13. England was one of the first countries to _________
a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization
14. Their _______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution.
a. suggest b. suggestion c. suggestive d. suggestible
15. We all regard pollution as a _______ matter to human beings.
a. serious b. seriously c. seriousness d. seriousful
16. Human beings are adding more and more pollutants ________ the environment.
a. from b. for c. on d. to
17. You should make sure __________ what you have just told us.
a. in b. on c. over d. of
18. Forest destruction results _________ floods and air pollution.
a. from b. about c. in d. into
19. It is automobile industry _____ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
a. where b. in which c. that d. whom
20. _______many species of animals have become extinct.
a. There are many reasons for which b. Many reasons for which
c. The reasons for that d. For which reasons
21. We should do something to save those animals ___ hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies.
a. those are b. which are c. which is d. that is
22._________________________________Farmers use more and more them to grow better crops but harm
the environment.
a. powerful chemicals who help b. which powerful chemicals help
c. powerful chemicals which help d. powerful chemicals help
23.____________________________________________Water is one of the most precious resources for our
life.
a. we depend on which b. which we depend c. on which we depend d. on that we depend
24. ___ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animals.
a. Rain forests b. Rain forests, that c. Rain forest, where d. Rain forests, which
25._________________________________The farmers and their cattle had been trapped in the storm were
fortunately rescued.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
26. Nowadays, city dwellers, ______ enjoy a lot from the modern material life, have to suffer from pollution
the most.
a. who b. whom c. that d. which
27._____________________________________Do you know that environmentalist ?
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 a. with whom I used to work b. with that I used to work
c. with I used to work d. with who I used to work
28._____________________________________________ Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect,
________________________________________________traps heat inside the Earth's atmosphere.
a. that b. which c. where d. whose
29.______________The local authority banned us from going near the forest there is a serious fire.
a. for which b. in that c. that d. where
30. _______once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to become extinct by the year 2025.
a. Bengal tigers b. Bengal tigers, which c. Bengal tigers, that d. Bengal tigers which
Error Identification
31. Nowadays people are more aware of the fact that wildlife all over the world which is in danger.
32. Any country that has to cope with overpopulation, hunger, and poverty, also that suffers from pollution.
33. Despite their short time on Earth, human beings have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the
planet, where they are surviving and destroy.
34. There is a threat of global warming, that comes from the results of Greenhouse effect.
35. Our polluted environment which is the results of the overusing of resources and destroying the wild.
Read the passage carefully and
Recent research reveals that the …………….of agricultural soils, forests, woodlands, coastal fisheries,
and wildlife resources is more and more serious. The majority of the estimated costs of ……………….. comes
from forests and natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. More than 50% of the original forest
has been converted ……….agricultural land by slash-and-burn. Despite land expansion, productivity has
declined because of soil erosion. Fish, timber, and non-timber forest product stocks are……………. As a result,
coastal towns have begun to experience severe water shortages. Hydropower is dropping. Wildlife populations
and ………………are in serious decline and many species face extinction. Poor forest …………and soil
degradation result in huge economic losses. The degradation of water increases the costs and reduces the
quality of both water and power. The prospects for economic development and poverty reduction are dependent
on natural………... Rural households rely on natural resources for their…………….., fisheries, and wildlife
which provide protein in diets. Urban economic activities depend on reliable …………power. However, people
do not have much ………………of protecting the environment on which their life depends.

environmental to livelihoods degradation resources decreasing

hydroelectric awareness management biodiversity
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
The number of animal species that have died out since 1600 (1) __ sharply. Experts have looked for
historical evidence of (2)_______. As (3) ________ as they can tell, between the beginning of modern
historical records and the beginning of the 17 th century, fewer (4) ____twenty species of animals died out. (5)
______, in just one century, from 1600 to 1699 seventeen more animal species are known to have (6) ___. The
next century saw the extinction (7) _______ thirty-six species. And the rate (8) ___ increasing. In the 1800,
eighty-one more species died out. In (9) ____ first three quarters of the twentieth century, eighty-three species
disappeared, (10) ______ the education of people about endangered species. The rate of extinction has not
been slowed by public information.

1 a. increase b. increased c. has increased d. will increase

2 a. beings b. extinction c. affect d. influence
3 a. far b. many c. long d. soon
4 a. as b. more c. less d. than
5 a. If b. Although c. So d. However
6 a. recovered b. supplied c. changed d. disappeared
7 a. of b. in c. for d. from

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8 a. kept b. had c. made d. let
9 a. a b. an c. the d. Ø
10 a. because of b. due to c. despite d. unless
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