Name: ( ) Class: SR 1 sc ______

注：凡是没答案的小题都代表必须自己从书中找答案
Q. 1 (a) 1. Healing of wounds
2. Growth of new tail after a lizard has lost its tail
3. Continual replacement of dead cells of the outer layer of skin or dead blood cells
(b) It is due to controlled mitotic division
(c) 1. Sea stars (Starfish) 2. Planaria
(d) Fragmentation（染色体断裂）
(e)
(f) (i) Malphigian layer of skin cells (ii) Liver cells
(g) (i) Muscle cells (ii) Nerve cells

Q. 2 (a)
(b)
(c) Subphase II is the DNA synthesis phase. In this phase, the doubling of chromosomes (DNA replication)
occurs when each chromosome duplicates to form two genetically identical sister chromatids. Both the
chromatids separate into two different daughter nuclei. This ensures that the diploid cells of the
parents are maintained in the daughter cells.
(d) Subphase IV is the nuclear division phase /mitosis while Subphase V is the cytoplasmic division phase.
(e)

Q. 4 (a)
(b)
(c) Daughter cells become genetically identical to parent cells, since this phase maintains the
chromosome number.
(d)

Q. 5 (a)
(b) 1. In meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes via synapsis. Chiasmata formation occurs
during crossing over.
2. The chromosome number is halved during anaphase I and two haploid cells are formed. Two
divisions are needed to complete process whereby four daughter cells are formed.
(c) Mitosis produces genetically identical cells. The daughter cells produced have the same
function as the parent cell. Mitosis is also important for growth and repair of cells, and for
asexual reproduction or clone formation. Mitosis enables rapid reproduction in favourable
conditions.

Q. 16 (a) Tissue culture involves mitosis only, while sexual propagation involves gametes which
are produced by meiosis. Tissue culture produces progeny which are genetically identical to
the parent plant, while sexual propagation produces progeny with genetic variation. Tissue
culture can be done using tissue from many different parts of the plant, while sexual
propagation involves flowers only.
(b) (i) Tissue culture can produce a large number of progeny in a short time, seed production takes
more time and some plants only produce a limited number of seeds. If a parent plant with
desirable traits is used, tissue culture produces progeny with the same desirable traits, while
progeny from seeds have unpredictable traits.
(ii) Clones lack of genetic variation while progenies from seeds have genetic variation and is
genetically different from each other and parent plants. Since there is genetic variation among
the plantlet developed from the seeds, they may have different level of resistance to the
diseases where the pathogens might destroy the parent plants while the progeny can survive
from the spread of pathogens. Meanwhile, clones have the same level of resistance towards
certain diseases as their parent plants.

1
Name: ( ) Class: SR 1 sc ______

Q. 18 (i) Both the plantlets from tissue culture and the cloned animal are genetically identical to
their single parent.
(ii) 1. Animals with desirable traits are cloned to produce similar progeny. For example: cows
which produce a lot of milk and plants which produce a lot of high quality fruits.
2. Endangered species. eg giant pandas, can be cloned to increase their numbers.
(iii) l. The success rate is low. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring.
2. Cloned animals tend to have defective immune functions and higher rates of infection, tumor
growth, and other disorders.