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JMPF Vol. 9 No. 1 : 27-37

ISSN-p : 2088-8139
ISSN-e : 2443-2946

Inventory Control, Storage and Distribution Facilities in the Pharmaceutical

Industry in Supporting Drug Availability
JKN Era

The Inventory Control, Storage Facilities and Distribution at Pharmaceutical Industry in Supporting
Drugs Availability of JKN Era

Satibi1*, Achmad Fudholi1 , Gabriela Larasati Swastiandari2

, Eirene Copalcanty Tuko2

1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta

2.
Master of Pharmacy Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
Submitted: 1-30-2019 Revised: 3-14-2019 Correspondence : Accepted: 3-22-2019
Satibi : Email : satibi@ugm.ac.id

ABSTRACT
Drug availability is still a problem in the health system in Indonesia. The increasing number of National
Health Insurance (JKN) participants has directly increased the need for generic drugs so that drug
manufacturers continue to strive to gain market share for JKN drugs. The pharmaceutical industry plays a role
in producing quality and affordable medicines by implementing good supply chain management. The purpose
of this research is to identify the role of inventory control, storage and distribution facilities in the pharmaceutical
industry in supporting drug availability in the JKN era. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The
qualitative method in this study was to conduct in-depth interviews with employees from the Production
Planning, Inventory Control and Supply Chain divisions in the four pharmaceutical industries and
Pharmaceutical Wholesalers who work with BPJS Kesehatan and become drug providers in the e-Catalogue
tender. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data analysis consisted of making interview
transcripts, data interpretation and checking the validity of the data by triangulation. The results of the analysis
show that inventory control has an influence on the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the availability of
drugs due to a mismatch between demand and demand, which increases the occurrence of overstock or
stock out. Storage facilities have an impact on the pharmaceutical industry in supporting drug availability
because overloaded storage facilities cause storage methods to work not optimally and have to incur other
costs to rent a warehouse.

Distribution has an impact on the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the availability of drugs because
distribution costs must reach a minimum order so that drugs can be distributed and the choice of transportation
mode results in longer distribution lead times , thereby increasing drug vacancies.

Keywords: availability, industry, e-catalogue, JKN, supply chain management

ABSTRACT
The drugs availability is still a problem in the health system in Indonesia. The number of National
Health Insurance (JKN) participants increasing the need for generic drugs. Pharmaceutical industry has a role
to produce affordable and good quality medicines by implementing good supply chain. The purpose of this
study was to identify the role of inventory control, storage and distribution facilities in the pharmaceutical
industry in supporting drugs availability in the JKN era. This is a descriptive research with qualitative method
and uses purposive sampling. Data was collected in depth interview with employees from the Production
Planning Inventory Control (PPIC) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) in pharmaceutical industries that
collaborated with BPJS Kesehatan and become drug providers in e catalogue tender. Data analysis consisted
of making interview transcripts, interpreting data, and triangulation. The results of the analysis showed that
inventory control has an influence in the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the drugs availability due to a
mismatch between demand and need, thereby increasing the occurrence of overstock or stock out. Facilities
of storage has an influence in the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the drugs availability due to overload
storage facilities so that the storage method was not optimal and has to pay other costs to rent warehouses.
Distribution has an influence in the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the drugs availability because the
costs for

JMPF Vol 9(1), 2019 | DOI : 10.22146/jmpf.43162 27

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distribution must reach a minimum order to be distributed and the choice of transportation modes for
distribution may be increased the lead time that caused the drug vacancies.
Keywords: availability, industry, e-catalogue, JKN, supply chain management
INTRODUCTION
Drug availability is still a problem in the health
system in Indonesia.
So far, the cost of medicine is above 50% of the
total cost of treatment which could have been
reduced1 . With the increasing number of National
Health Insurance (JKN) participants, it certainly has
an impact on
pharmaceutical market growth, especially generic
drugs. Chairman of the International Pharmaceutical
Manufactures Group
stated that prescription drugs in Indonesia will
experience a decline in 2015 as more and more
people turn to generic drugs under the JKN2 scheme .
The pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia is being sued
to increase its competitiveness. Many companies
are competing to meet the supplies needed by
consumers.
Every company must make improvements in its
management system, especially in terms of raw
material inventory so that the production process
runs smoothly. One of the causes of the production
system not working properly is the unavailability of
raw materials for production needs. Fluctuating
demand and lead time
uncertain, causing inventory conditions to become
less stable3 .
During the JKN era, many pharmaceutical
industries were unable to compete with their
competitors due to the non-integration of logistics
procurement issues. One of the supports for
successful drug sales for pharmaceutical companies
is good Supply Chain Management (MRP). Supply
Chain is defined as a set of activities (in the form of
entities/facilities) involved in the process of
transformation and distribution of goods starting
from the earliest raw materials from nature to finished
products to the final consumer4 . Thus it can be said
that MRP is a concept of product distribution
pattern5 . Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (PBF) as an
extension of the pharmaceutical industry is a
company in the form of
28
Inventory Control, Storage Facility
a legal entity that has a license to procure, store and
distribute pharmaceutical supplies in large quantities
in accordance with the Good Medicine Manufacturing
Practices (GMP) guidelines. PBF has another
important role as a supply chain driver related to the
movement of drugs so that they can reach
consumers6 .
Drug vacancies occurred in the Bojonegara
area pharmacy, Bandung Municipality.
Technically, the drug is available in pharmacy stock,
but not from the provider that won the tender, so the
price is different. The drug that is not available at
JKN prices is amlodipine
and metformin with the highest demand.
In November 2015 there was a vacancy for the drug
glimepirid7 . Results of interviews conducted by
Mendrofa and Suryawati in January 2016 at the
Panti Hospital Pharmacy Installation
Wilasa Citarum Semarang to the pharmacy
warehouse staff, the current problem is that the
hospital gets BPJS medicine that doesn't match the
price of the e-Catalogue, the BPJS medicine delivery
process takes longer and there is a shortage of
BPJS medicine at distributors8 .
At the Siko Health Center and the Kalumata Health Center
In the city of Ternate, medicines are often late in
arriving at the puskesmas, and medicine shortages
often occur because the planning process takes too
long and even the appointed PBF sometimes does
not want to provide medicines when the demand is
too little9 . The problem of drug availability also
occurs at the health center in Keerom District, Papua
Province. Stocks of certain medicines are empty at
certain times at the puskesmas, which is due to the
unavailability of the same drugs at the district
pharmacy installation and delays in taking/delivering
drugs from the district pharmacy installation by the
puskesmas which is also due to the geographic
location of the puskesmas which is difficult to reach.
and limited transportation 10
.
Studies of drug availability in the JKN era
have been widely investigated in health facilities
such as pharmacies7,11,12, puskesmas9,10,13 and homes
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Satibi, et al
sick8,14,15 with the results of interviews showing
that the problem of public drug shortages is due
to the slow process of drug delivery and long
waiting times from drug providers and distributors.
However, research on the role of the
pharmaceutical industry and distributors (PBF)
has not been widely carried out. The
pharmaceutical industry and PBF as important
actors in ensuring the availability of public drugs
must be able to maintain the commitments
agreed upon between the government and health
facilities to ensure the availability of public drugs
in the JKN era. Therefore, this study is focused
on analyzing inventory control factors, storage
and distribution facilities in the pharmaceutical
industry and PBF in supporting the availability of
public drugs in the JKN Era to address complaints
of public drug shortages in health facilities and
with the hope of being able to complement
previous research. In this study, factor analysis
of inventory control, storage and distribution
facilities in the pharmaceutical industry and PBF
was carried out to support the availability of
public drugs in the JKN era.
Regarding the novelty of research from the
pharmaceutical industry perspective, this research
is an evaluation of the real problems of the
pharmaceutical industry and PBF in overcoming
complaints of public drug shortages in health
facilities, providing new understanding in drug
supply chain management and creating critical
insights for the Government in making decisions
through policy formulation which will increase the
long-term global competitiveness of the
pharmaceutical industry and efforts to ensure the
availability of public drugs in the JKN era in
Indonesia.
METHOD
This research is a qualitative descriptive
study. The data collection method was in-depth
interviews followed by secondary data exploration.
The instrument used in this research is an
interview guide. The sampling technique in this
study was purposive sampling. Research subject
JMPF Vol 9(1), 2019
namely PT A, PT B, PT C and PT D along with
their distributors who became public drug
providers in the 2018 e-Catalogue tender in
Jakarta. The informants in the study were
employees of Supply Chain Management,
Production Planning Inventory Control (PPIC)
and Pharmacists in charge of PBF.
The inclusion criteria in this study were permanent
employees and had worked for at least 2 years
in their field. Exclusion criteria in this study were
interns and employees who withdrew during the
research process. Interviews were conducted
with key informants PT A (AS, Assistant PPIC
Manager; K, Assistant Manager PPIC 2, ASP,
Assistant Warehouse Manager; NN, APJ PBF;
YU, APJ Transportation), PT B (MDP, Production
Director), PT C ( VLK, Warehouse Manager and
SY, PPIC Manager) and PT D (TS, Senior
General Manager Supply Chain). Data analysis
techniques include making interview transcripts,
data reduction, data analysis and data
interpretation then checking the validity of the
data by triangulating methods and data sources.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The state must have its own pharmaceutical
industry to produce drugs to meet the needs of
the people16. PT A is the first pharmaceutical
industry in Indonesia which was founded in 1817
and has 5 (five) production facilities spread
across 5 (five) cities in Indonesia, namely Jakarta,
Bandung, Semarang, Watudakon, and Medan.
In 1997, PT B was built and became a young and
dynamic pharmaceutical company which had
produced 75 pharmaceutical products in 2005.
PT C was established in 1966 and developed
into a leading pharmaceutical company in
Indonesia. PT C has grown to become a provider
of health solutions through its four business
division groups namely prescription drugs, health
products, nutrition as well as distribution and
logistics. PT D was established in 1974 and has
three manufacturing facilities for Non Beta
Lactam, Penicillin and Cephalosporin antibiotic
drugs. PT D is the operational business of PT C.
PT A
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Inventory Control, Storage Facility

Table I. Public Drugs by Dominant Providers

No Unit price
Medicine name Number of RKOs
Provider Smallest Medicine (Rp)
PT A Generic: Vitamin B Complex tablets 841.428.190 117
Generic combination: blood supplement tablets 665.352.190 354

Generic: Ascorbic Acid 50mg 360.332.730 105

PT B Generic: Paracetamol 500mg 1.250.108.708 53

Generic: Amoxicillin 500mg 1.136.969.918 233

Generic: Mefenamic Acid 500mg V-BLOC: 556.585.769 103

PT C Carvedilol 6.25mg 13.188.739 1.560

BRONSOLVAN: Theophylline 150mg 8.339.800 295

TAMOFEN: Tamoxifen tab 1 mg 3.491.670 1.862

PT D OSCAL: Calcitriol soft capsule 0.5mcg 3.298.720 2.850

Generic: Doxorubicin powder for injection. 10mg 978.427 44.500

Generic: Cyclophosphamide powder for injection. 200mg 888.173 63.690

Note: RKO = Medication Needs Plan

dominate the market as a provider of public drugs as many
as 82 types of drugs seen from the list of public drug
providers. PT B and PT C supplied as many as 33 and 34
types of drugs while PT D became a public drug provider
with 16 types of drugs. Following are some of the public
is the accuracy of information about goods held between
inventory systems and physically. By carrying out proper
inventory control, PPIC can carry out production, operational
control planning and decision making in an appropriate
manner17 .

drugs produced by the four pharmaceutical industries

based on the highest number of requests in the Drug Needs
Plan (RKO) (Table I).
Inventory Control
Inventory has a very important meaning in the
business operations of a company to meet production
needs. The reason for the need for inventory is to anticipate
elements of demand uncertainty, uncertainty of supply from
suppliers and uncertainty of order waiting time17. The
purpose of holding inventory is to provide the best service
to customers, expedite the production process, anticipate
possible shortages of inventory, and deal with price
fluctuations. In achieving this goal, there will be
consequences for the company, namely bearing the costs
or risks associated with inventory decisions18. One of the
necessary factors in inventory control
Inventory control of raw materials, packaging
materials, finished drugs, and semi-finished goods is the
responsibility of the Production Planning and Inventory
Control section
(PPIC). The PPIC section continues to monitor inventory
levels on a daily basis and records inventory levels in
warehouses with the help of software to improve data
protection and improve inventory control processes. In
determining the number of product orders, the company
makes judgments based on the amount of inventory in the
warehouse and the estimated percentage increase in sales
for each product. Following are the results of interviews
with inventory control factors that were conducted on
informants PT A, PT B, PT C and PT D (Table II).

Inventory control at PT A, PT B, PT C and PT D is

assisted by the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
application. The ERP application helps to automatically
calculate the amount needed for each finished product

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Table II. Inventory Control Factors

Indicator PT A PT B PT C PT D
Demand Booking Systematic There is a production Planning
raw material automatically with plan at the beginning of order for
done when the QAD program each month materials
announcement MFG/PRO (closing is usually the default done
winner 30th or 31st of after the 7th of
each month, after every month
the 7th

Order planning
for raw materials

Reorder level is carried out Done accordingly Done accordingly Done

according to the Inventory Inventory levels in the according to the
level of inventory levels in the warehouse both level of inventory
in the warehouse, warehouse both raw materials and in the warehouse
both raw materials and raw materials and finished products both raw materials
finished product finished product and finished
products
Stock out/ Never happened Stock out and Stock out and Over stock often
Overstock stock overstock still overstock still occurs
out/ overstock, occurs because happened because stock out
will be done Inaccurate RKO of the problem of spike
clereance product in sales

and raw materials, lead time for the arrival of raw
materials and packaging materials needed based on
marketing targets/orders
(routine needs or e-catalogue), with the help of
software to improve data protection and improve
inventory control processes. Inventory keeps
management operational
consistently throughout the season and can avoid
fluctuating production costs. Provision of inventory
aims to deal with conditions of uncertainty.
Demand for goods cannot be known with certainty,
therefore it is necessary to forecast to minimize losses
due to overstock or requests that exceed forecasts,
inventory calculations must be carried out carefully
and thoroughly19 . Following are the results of
interviews with informants PT A, PT B, PT C and PT
D regarding buffer stock, lead time and stock taking
(Table III).
PT A, PT B, PT C and PT D serve requests
for public and non- e catalog/ regular medicines. In
inventory control , stock out and stock over often
occur . Overstock occurs due to low demand but
excess supply. Stock out
This occurs because the demand is high but the
supply is limited. On the quality of medicinal products
produced by PT A, PT B, PT C and PT D running and
implementing GMP guidelines. Actions to improve the
quality of drug products have been carried out
correctly and on time by the PPIC department.
Companies must be able to meet market demands by
considering quality and production efficiency. Raw
materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods
are forms of inventory where each unit represents
money tied up until the inventory leaves the company
as goods sold.

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Tabel III. Buffer Stock, Lead Time, dan Stock Opname
Industry Lead Time
Pharmacy
Buffer Stock
PT A 1 - 3 months 30 working days
PT B Conditional 21 working days
PT C Conditional
7 - 30 working days
PT D 2 - 2.5 months
In short, inventory refers to stock or anything needed
to run a business. These stocks represent a large
part of the investment and must be managed and
controlled properly to get the maximum profit.
Inventory is the biggest asset in business.
If the margin is 50%, it means that the cost of the
product is 50%, which means that 50% of net sales
is spent on control and delivery20 .
Garai (2013) says that inventories stored in large
quantities only end up as waste and use up quite a
large amount of space21 .
An effective inventory must answer three basic
questions, namely what drugs will be the priority for
control, how much to order and when to order again.
Thus drug shortages can be avoided if good and
proper coordination is carried out between health
facilities in the planning/determination of public drug
needs as outlined in the RKO so that the
pharmaceutical industry can make accurate
production plans and produce public drugs in the
right quantity, on time and available at the right time.
needed 22. On the other hand, companies are trying
to reduce costs by reducing the amount of inventory,
but on the other hand, without inventory, a company
cannot carry out the production process so that
consumers become disappointed when goods are
not available. Therefore inventory management
must be precise and balanced23 .
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Inventory Control, Storage Facility
Production Stock Recording
Every 3 months
Every 6 months
Cycle count setiap
hari by system
Storage Facility
Warehouse is a means of supporting the
production and operations of the pharmaceutical
industry which functions to store raw materials,
packaging materials and finished drugs that have
not been distributed. The warehouse also functions
to protect materials (raw and packaging) and drugs,
to carry out this function, warehousing management
must be carried out properly. The problem that
occurs in the storage facility factor is the storage
facility capacity which is still experiencing overload
events in certain pharmaceutical industries24 .
There are also distributors who refuse to accept
excess production as in PT B. However, PT B itself
has built/increased warehouse capacity in Sukabumi
manufacturing to support drug availability in the JKN
era. At PT A, this obstacle was overcome by renting
a warehouse, carrying out regular coordination with
other departments such as the marketing team to
carry out drug rotation. Following are the results of
the storage facility factor interviews that have been
conducted with informants PT A, PT B, PT C and
PT D (Table IV).
Warehouse management is an important
factor in the availability of public drugs in the JKN
era. The appearance of damage to goods can occur
due to mishandling, both in the form of damage due
to the process of moving between means of
transportation and between warehouses as well as
due to errors in the process of managing storage
space25 .
The pharmaceutical industry has two types of
warehouses, namely factory warehouses that are in
manufacturing and distributor warehouses.
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Table IV. Storage Facility Factor

Indicator PT A PT B PT C PT D

Building According to CPOB According to GMP In accordance According to CPOB

Capacity 4,800 pallets, 1,450 pallets, with CPOB 14,700 pallets, no 2,000 pallets,
overload overload overload. once
overloaded
HR In accordance with According to According to In accordance with

CPOB, there is an CPOB, there is recruitment CPOB, there is recruitment CPOB, there is an
SOP for recruitment SOP SOP SOP for recruitment

Method No No
Does Does
storage distinguish distinguish
not distinguish not distinguish between
between between
between public and public and non-
public public
non-public drugs public drugs
and non-public drugs and non-public drugs
Information Manual and by By system, stock By system, ada stock By system,
system, there opname, dan cycle opname, cycle count ada stock
is a stock option count opname, cycle
count

GMP = Good Medicine Manufacturing Practice; HR = Human Resources; SOPs = Standards

Operating Procedure

The factory warehouses of the four pharmaceutical
industries comply with GMP requirements.
The factory warehouse, which is commonly referred to
as the transit warehouse owned by PT A, will distribute
finished products directly to a large, centralized
warehouse at the National Distribution Center (NDC).
NDC PT A is the central warehouse of 5 manufactures
(Bandung, Medan, Watudakon, Jakarta and Semarang)
which is located next to the Jakarta manufacturing
building before being distributed to branches.
Warehouses in the four pharmaceutical
industries can be said to be safe because access is
restricted to certain employees and equipped with
adequate security, lighting and HVAC systems. PT B
has a warehouse in manufacturing (factory) and in
distribution. Considerations in choosing a warehouse
in a factory, namely close to production facilities while
warehouses are in distributors
when the packaging preparations have not been used,
there is a delay in the use of materials, while orders
arrive more quickly27 .
Warehouse at PT A is being overloaded due to
imbalance between production and sales so it is
necessary to make improvements in marketing to
improve the circulation of goods and accelerate sales.
PT B often experiences overload events when the
factory is declared the winner of the tender. There was
also an overload at PT D's warehouse but only
temporarily and the excess was immediately distributed
to the official PBF.
Human Resources (HR)
is an important variable in warehouse management. In
selecting human resources for warehouses, the four
pharmaceutical industries already have Standard
Operating Procedures (SOP) for qualifications

closer to the customer. The factor that affects the
functioning of a warehouse is the capacity of the
warehouse itself.
Determination of warehouse capacity must consider
maximum conditions26 .
Warehouse reaches maximum state
required employees. Held
regular training, especially in manufacturing ie
conduct GMP training so that it can be ensured that
employees in the four industries are competent in their
respective fields. PT A often

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Inventory Control, Storage Facility

Table V. Distribution Factors

Indicator PBF PT A PBF PT B PBF PT C PBF PT D

Location Close to Close to Close to Close to
manufacturing, manufacturing, manufacturing, manufacturing,
range is a range is a range is a range is a
consideration consideration
consideration consideration
Cost No There is a minimum order . No matter what Any amount is fine
problem, problem
it will still
be sent
HR according to CPOB, according to according to according to

there is SOP for CPOB, there is recruitment CPOB, there is recruitment CPOB, there is recruitment
recruitment SOP SOP SOP
Method
According to CPOB According to GMP According to CPOB According to CPOB
distribution
Time 2 – 40 days (to Java Island no later At most 4 days Maximum 4
delivery Papua) than 1 week, ke – 1 month (to days – 1 month
Papua 3 months Papua) (to Papua)

GMP = Good Medicine Manufacturing Practice; HR = Human Resources; SOPs = Standards

Operating Procedure

transfer knowledge between old and new employees
in order to solve problems related to storage. The
human resources of PT B are also strictly controlled
so that they are always in accordance with
operational standards. HR must understand GMP
because the pharmaceutical industry must store
products in accordance with GMP guidelines, so
regular training must be carried out. There will
definitely be human error but with control
can be minimized. There is special access for
warehouse employees because there are hard drugs
and injection drugs that need special supervision in
storage so that not everyone is allowed to enter.
The storage methods for public drugs in
these four pharmaceutical industries are almost the
same, regardless of storage location
between public drugs and non-public drugs, but the
process for ordering services is definitely different
because the prices for public and non-public drugs
are not the same. There is a separation between
receiving, storage, quarantine and shipping areas
and several areas facilitated by temperature control
as well
monitored regularly. The difference is the recording
of drug products in the warehouse. PT A and PT B
use a combination of by system and manual
recording which backs up each other. The four
pharmaceutical industries have carried out stock
taking
periodically to match products so they are easy to
trace.
Distribution
Distribution facilities are facilities used to
distribute or distribute pharmaceutical preparations,
namely pharmaceutical wholesalers and
pharmaceutical preparation installations28 .
Several factors affect drug availability, apart from
delays in ordering, drug vacancies can also be
caused by vacancies from the pharmaceutical
industry through PBF7
. The
following are the results of the factor distribution
interviews that were conducted with informants PT
A, PT B, PT C and PT D (Table V).
The problem that occurs in the distribution
factor is to make coverage and costs into
consideration in

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drug distribution. PT B requires a minimum
order and refuses excess drugs and has the
longest delivery time due to cost and
transportation constraints. NDC is the PBF
warehouse of PT A Pusat. Of all manufactures,
it will enter the NDC. For distribution, PBF PT
A has 47 locations. For PT A's PBF location in
Jakarta, it is adjacent to manufacturing, while
for the other four manufactures it is still sent
to the Center after transit at the factory
warehouse. PBF PT B is the main distributor
which is still in the same group as PT B. For
Java Island, PBF PT B appoints sub-districts
and has three distributor branches, namely in
Yogyakarta, Semarang and Surabaya. Delivery the emergence of damage to goods due to
of goods is carried out based on orders,
purchase orders
from the health facility to the branch so that
delivery will be made only when there is an
order and there is no minimum order or
minimum cost.
Delivery of drugs such as vaccines and
narcotics has a higher tariff compared to other
drugs because it uses the air route29. Even
so, distribution costs are not a problem for
PBF PT A, PT C and PT D. Meanwhile, costs
are a bit of an obstacle for distribution at PBF
PT B because there is a minimum order.
Recruitment of HR from the four pharmaceutical used.
industries above is the same as in the
warehouse and other parts. There are
specifications written in the SOP and regular
training is held with the hope that the
distribution process can be carried out correctly
so that problems related to distribution can be overcome30 .
The number of human resources in PBF
is sufficient. So that with good distribution of
human resources, it can support the availability
of public drugs in the JKN era.
The distribution method of the fourth
the industry is pretty much the same with slight
differences based on who is placing the order.
In the four pharmaceutical industries, the
distribution flow starts from ordering from
branch health facilities, ordering from branches
to the Center, the Center prepares goods, then
JMPF Vol 9(1), 2019
delivery to the area. At the time PBF PT A
needed medicine in an emergency
or have a certain time limit then
can be shipped directly from the manufacture.
During the distribution process, these four
pharmaceutical industries do not include
supervisors during the distribution trip, but the
selected expedition parties have provided
guarantees regarding safe drugs during the
trip (controlled environmental temperature,
safe from insects, pests, rodents and
contamination) so that they are suitable for
administration to health facilities. What is
detrimental in supply chain management is
mishandling , both in the form of damage due
to the process of moving between means of
transportation and between warehouses, as
well as due to errors in the management of
storage space (warehouse). Not infrequently,
the process of shrinking the supply chain is
also exacerbated by the vulnerability of
distribution channels, especially in remote
areas. Events of drugs
being exchanged / lacking can occur, thus
increasing the waiting time. Drug distribution
to remote corners of the country has been
carried out by these four pharmaceutical
industries. The delivery time for each industry
varies depending on the means of transportation
CONCLUSION
Inventory control, storage and distribution
facilities have an impact on the pharmaceutical
industry in supporting the availability of drugs
in the JKN era because distribution costs have
to wait for orders to reach the minimum order
so that drugs can be distributed, mismatches
between demand and needs, storage facilities
are overloaded and the choice of transportation
mode results in lead times distribution becomes
longer thereby increasing the occurrence of
drug vacancies.
THANK YOU
Thank you to DIKTI for the financial
assistance provided.
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