CLAUSE AS REPRESENTATIVE

PART 1
1. Canakya Muhammad (2103046164)
2. Sifa Imnatul Janani (2103046186)
3. Auges Amalia Diva (2103046187)
4. Farrah Aizza Jundana R. (2103046190)
5. M. Hirza Qusuma Dani (2103046191)
 INTRODUCTION
Previous meeting: Grammar consists of three lines of meaning;
1. The textual line or the first line is about Clause as Message - talking about
Theme & Rheme (add more).
2. The interpersonal line or the second line is about Clause as Exchange – talking
about Modal & Residue (add more).
3. The Experiential line or the second line – the material will be discussed.

The Experiential meta function, the grammar clause was seen as a representation.
With the clause of exchange, there is one major system of grammatical choice
involved in this kind of meaning, the system of transitivity or process type.
Text 5-1 – casual conversation (spoken)
Dano : I don't want a shower, I had one yesterday
Father : Oh, I have one every day, Dano, every single day.
Dano : Every single day?
Father : Yeah. So does Mum. Don't you?
Mother : Usually.
Dano : Usually? See, Dad?
Father : Well, usually means mostly, doesn't it, Mary?
Mother : It means more often than not

According to the table besides,

we can analyze them in terms
of the textual, interpersonal,
and experiential;
Focus on the experiential clause

Example: Well, usually means mostly, doesn’t it, Mary?

The clause construes a relationship of signification between a word and its meaning;
‘usually’ represents ‘mostly’. Based on the table, In the existential clause, the formula is
Theme = Subject = Token.

There are three elements of the relationship clause:

Process is realized in verbal groups, for example, Last year Maria gave blood.

Participants is realized in nominal groups, for example, Last year Maria gave blood.

Circumstances are realized through adverbial groups / prepositional phrases,

for example, Last year Maria gave blood.

Process + Participants + Circumstances

Type of Process:
The processes of the clause are related to the concept of transitivity. Transitivity is a
grammatical concept related to the number of participants involved in the clause. It
classifies verbs based on their valency (how many participants they require).
The verbs can be transitive (verbs require both a subject and a direct object) –
Example: “He kicked the ball).
The verbs also can be intransitive (verbs that only have one participant (the subject) –
Example: “She slept” – it doesn’t need an object.

To know the types of process we should pay attention to the ‘inner’ and ‘outer’
experience, about what happened ‘out there’ and about what we experience as going on
inside ourselves (such as perception, emotion, and imagination).
The ‘outer’ can be defined as a physical thing that can be observed by the naked eye
(like actions and events).
The ‘inner’ can be defined as the reflection of the ‘outer’ experience, because the
‘inner’ experience cannot be observed. It is located inside of people’s minds (like a
thought, perceptions, and emotions).
Look at these examples:
(i) I’m having a shower - related to physical
(ii) You have so much money - related to physical
(iii) I was fascinated - related to mind
(iv) I don’t want a shower - related to mind

The example (i) and (ii) can be defined as ‘outer’ experience, because they are related to a
physical thing.
The example (iii) and (iv) can be defined as ‘inner’ experience, because they are not related
to a physical thing – they are related to people’s mind (an emotion and an opinion).

The type process can be differentiated into six types:

Material Process Mental Process Relational Process

Verbal Process Behavioral Process Existential Process

 Material Process

Look at these clauses:

Aisya has donated blood 21 times.
Aisya went to Paris.
All of these clauses are
Aisya stayed up all night.
‘material process’.
The American men left their dinner.
They gave Aisya a cup of tea.

So, material processes are processes about doing or action. Actions involve actors or
participants, which are realized by nominal groups. There are types of participants, actor, goal,
beneficiary (recipient and client), and circumstances. The actor is the core component of the
clause, who does the action.

When the material clause has only one participant and is active, the participant will be called
an Actor and it will represent a happening. Moreover, goal is that participant at whom the
process is directed, to whom the action is extended or can be called as direct object and it will
represent a doing– which related to transitive and intransitive concept.
 Transitive Intransitive

Need an object Cannot have an object

Example: I bought a car Example: She slept; the baby walked
As an Actor As a Goal
Represent what is doing Represent what is happening

In both clauses, the lion is construed as ‘doing’ something, the lion would be in a
nominative (the noun comes before the verb), the tourist would be accusative (show
the ‘direct object’ that can be found by asking “what” and “whom”). The nouns of the
clauses (the lion and the tourist) can be changed using a personal noun, like he or she.
For example, He sprang; He caught him.
Material clauses construe the figure of doing and happening. They express the notion
that some entity ‘does’ something. We can ask about processes, like What did the lion
do? What did the lion do to the tourist? From the tourist’s point of view.
The form can be done in two, either operative (active) ex: the lion caught the tourist or receptive
(passive) ex: the tourist caught by the lion. Both of the clauses contain Actor + Process + Goal

Actor = Subject = Theme Goal = Complement

Goal = Subject = Theme Actor = Adjunct

Other Types of Participants

Beneficiary: a recipient & a client

Circumstances: divided into 7 types

Types of doing and happening

Creative Material Clauses

Involve processes related to creation,
production, or bringing something into
existence.
The process is about a verb such as form,
emerge, make, create, produce, construct,
build, design, write, compose, draw, paint,
bake.

Transformative Material Clauses

Involve processes that change, modify, or

transform something.
The ‘particle’ of a phrasal verb that may be
indicated in a transformative material clause
is shut down, turn on, start-up, tie up, cut
off, rub out, throw away, use up, and fill up.
THANK YOU