15-02-2024

Tutorial 11
Application of Bernoulli’s principle

Dr. Sharu B K
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
NIT Calicut
Office: GF, old library
Email: sharubk@nitc.ac.in 240

Example 3-33
 Air flows through a duct, and the pitot-static tube measuring the
velocity is attached to a differential manometer containing water. If
the deflection of the manometer is 100 mm, calculate the air velocity,
assuming the density of air is constant and equals to 1.22 kg/m3, and
that the coefficient of the tube is 0.98.

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Example: 3-34
 Water flows at the rate of 0.015 m3/s through a 100 mm
diameter orifice used in a 200 mm pipe. What is the
difference in pressure head between the upstream section
and the venacontracta section? (Take coefficient of
contraction Cc=0.60 and Cv=1.0).

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Dr. Sharu B K, NITC

Example 3-35
 Flow of air at 50°C is measured by a pilot-static tube. The
differential reading in a water manometer is 24 mm.
Determine the velocity of air if the coefficient of tube is 0·95.
Assume the density of air to be constant at 1·2 kg/m3.

Solution: --- m/s

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Example 3-36
 A Venturimeter is placed at 30° to the horizontal (sloping upwards in
the direction of flow) to a pipe line carrying an oil of specific gravity
0·8. A differential manometer with mercury as the manometric fluid
is attached to the inlet and throat of the venturimeter. The
manometer shows a deflection (the difference in height between the
menisci of mercury at the two limbs) of 100mm. The pipe diameter is
200 mm, while the diameter of venturi throat is 100 mm.
 (a) Find the volume flow rate of oil if the coefficient of discharge of the
venturimeter is 0·96.
 (b) What will be the reading of differential manometer if the venturimeter is
turned horizontal?
The length of venturimeter between the inlet and the throat is 320 mm.

Answer: 0.044 m3 /s, 110 mm

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Dr. Sharu B K, NITC

Example 3-37

 A 30 cm × 15 cm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe

carrying water, flowing in the upward direction. A differential
mercury manometer connected to the inlet and throat gives a
reading of 20 cm. Fid the discharge. Take 𝐶 =0.98.

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Example: 3-38
 In a vertical pipe conveying oil of specific gravity 0.8, two pressure
gauges have been at A and B where the diameters are 16 cm and 8
cm respectively. A is 2 meters above B. The pressure gauge
readings have shown that the pressure at B is greater than at A by
0.981 N/cm2. Neglecting all losses, calculate the flow rate. If the
gauges at A and B are replaced by tubes filled with the same liquid
and connected to a U-tube containing mercury, calculate the
difference of level of mercury in the limbs of the U-tube.

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Dr. Sharu B K, NITC

Example 3-39
 Find the discharge of water flowing through a pipe of 30 cm
diameter placed in an inclined position where a venturimeter is
inserted, having a throat diameter of 15 cm. The difference of
pressure between the main and throat is measured by a liquid of
specific gravity 0.60 in an inverted U-tube which gives a reading
of 30 cm. The loss of head between the main and the throat is 0.2
times the kinetic head of the pipe.

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Example 3-40
 Water is flowing through a Venturi meter whose diameter is 7
cm at the entrance part and 4 cm at the throat. The pressure
is measured to be 430 kPa at the entrance and 120 kPa at the
throat. Neglecting frictional effects, determine the flow rate
of water.

Answer: 0.0331 m3/s

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Dr. Sharu B K, NITC

Example 3-41
 A Venturi meter equipped with a differential pressure gage is used to
measure the flow rate of water at 15 °C (ρ = 999.1 kg/m3) through a 5-cm-
diameter horizontal pipe. The diameter of the Venturi neck is 3 cm, and
the measured pressure drop is 5 kPa. Taking the discharge coefficient to
be 0.98, determine the volume flow rate of water and the average
velocity through the pipe.

Answers: 2.35 L/s and 1.20 m/s

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Example 3-42
 The mass flow rate of air at 20°C (ρ = 1.204 kg/m3) through a 15-
cm-diameter duct is measured with a Venturimeter equipped with
a water manometer. The Venturi neck has a diameter of 6 cm, and
the manometer has a maximum differential height of 40 cm. Taking
the discharge coefficient to be 0.98, determine the maximum mass
flow rate of air this Venturi meter can measure.

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Dr. Sharu B K, NITC

Example 3-43
 A 30 cm × 15 cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical
pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.9, the flow being
upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section
and the entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 cm. The
differential U-tube mercury manometer sows a gauge
deflection of 25 cm. Calculate:
a) The discharge of oil
b) The pressure difference between the entrance section
and the throat section. Take the coefficient of meter as
0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 13.6

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Example 3-44
 A vertical Venturi meter equipped with a differential pressure gage shown in
Figure is used to measure the flow rate of liquid propane at 10°C (𝜌 = 514.7
kg/m3) through an 8-cm-diameter vertical pipe. For a discharge coefficient of
0.98, determine the volume flow rate of propane through the pipe.

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Dr. Sharu B K, NITC