Definition

Purpose
Characteristics
Ethics
Process
TYPES OF
RESEARCH
 Based on
Purpose

Types of
Research
Types of
Based on
Data
Application
Needed
 A.Based on Application of
Research Method

1. Pure Research – deals with

concepts, principles, or
abstract things

“People are not going to do

anything with their
knowledge - they just wanted
to know.”
 Characteristics of
Pure Research
1. It is based on the belief
‘knowledge for
knowledge’s sake.’
2. It involves collection and
analysis of data to develop
or enhance theory.
3. It leads to advancement of
knowledge.
4. It takes place in a sterile
environment.
5. It is carried out for
understanding theoretical
relationship between
variables.
6. It is explanatory in nature.
7. Its application may or may
not have any bearing on any
application in the immediate
future or even after a long
time.
8. Basic research lays down the
foundation for the applied
science that follows.
 Examples of Problems
Answered by
Pure Research

• How did the universe begin?

• What are protons, neutrons,
and electrons composed of?
• How do slime moulds
reproduce?
• What is the specific genetic
code of the fruit fly?
 A.Based on Application of
Research Method
2. Applied Research – utilize data
to address societal problems or
issues, findings ways to make
positive changes in society
“Applied research is designed to solve
Practical problems of the modern
world, rather than to acquire
knowledge for knowledge's sake. One
might say that the goal of the applied
scientist is to improve the human
condition.”
 Characteristics of
Applied Research
1. Applied research is solution-
specific and addresses practical
questions.
2. It involves collection and analysis
of data to examine the usefulness
of theory in solving practical
educational problems.
3. It involves precise measurement of
the characteristics and describes
relationships between variables of
a studies phenomenon.
 Examples of Problems
Answered by
Applied Research
• Improve agricultural crop
production.
• Treat or cure a specific
disease.
• Improve the energy
efficiency of homes,
offices, or modes of
transportation.
 B. Based on Purpose of the
Research

1. Descriptive Research
– aims at defining or giving a
verbal portrayal; liable to
repeated research
– describe a situation,
subject, behavior, or
phenomenon.
Three Methods Used
in Descriptive
Research

1.Observational Method

2.Case Study Method

3.Surveys Method
• An educational software company
may want to know what aspects
of the software make it more
likely to be used by students.
• A researcher may wish to study
the impact of hands-on activities
and laboratory experiments on
students’ perceptions of science.
• A researcher could be studying
whether or not the availability of
hiking/biking trails increases the
physical activity levels in a
neighborhood.
• Market researchers may want to
observe the habits of
consumers.
• A company may be wanting to
evaluate the morale of the staff.
• A school district may research
whether or not students are
more likely to access online
textbooks than to use printed
copies.
• A school district may wish to
assess teachers’ attitudes about
using technology in the
classroom.
 B. Based on Purpose of the
Research

2. Correlational Research –
shows connection or
relationship of two
factors/circumstances
 Three Types of
Correlation
1. Positive Correlation

2. Negative Correlation

3. Zero Correlation
• Number of hours students
study and exam scores
• Number of cups of coffee
drank per day and
intelligence
• Performance in School and
Parents salary grade
• Sex and academic
performance.
3. Experimental Research –
used to investigate causal
(cause/effect) relationships
and to study the relationship
between one variable and
another. In these designs,
one variable is manipulated
to see if it has an effect on
the other variable.
• Effects of CAI in Students
Academic Performance
• Would You Help a
Stranger? - Explaining
Helping Behavior
• Effectiveness of Therapy
given to a person with
certain disease
• Durability of Materials
used in Construction
4. Explanatory Research –
elaborates or explains not
just the reasons behind
relationship but also the
ways by which such
relationship exists
• A study that attempts to
explain why pedestrians
exhibit unsafe behavior is
considered explanatory
research because it seeks to
find causes that are
associated with the behavior.
• Research that looks at how
callers behave with various
genres of hold music is
another instance of
explanatory research
• Descriptive research can tell that 20%
of the students failed in the
exam. Explanatory research can tell
what the reasons are behind this
failure.
• Descriptive research answers that a
computer system with more RAM has
more speed. Explanatory research
answers the question that why a
computer system with more RAM has
more speed as compared to a
computer system with less RAM.
• Descriptive research can tell that all
male student have more crazy behavior
as compared to female students.
5. Exploratory
Research – finds out
how reasonable or
possible it is to
conduct a research
on a certain topic
 Intends merely to
explore the
research questions
and does not intend
to offer final and
conclusive solutions
to existing
problems.
6. Action Research – studies
an ongoing practice of a
school, organization,
community or institution for
the purpose of obtaining
results that will bring
improvements of the system
 C. Based on
Types of Data
Needed
 1. Qualitative research

- is a type of educational
research in which the
researcher relies on the
views of participants;

- asks broad, general

questions;
 2. Qualitative research

- collects data consisting

largely of words (text) from
participants;

- describes and analyzes

these words for themes; and
conducts the inquiry in a
subjective, biased manner.
Quantitative research
- is a type of educational
research in which the
researcher decides what to
study;
- asks specific, narrow
questions; collects
quantifiable data from
participants;
- analyzes these numbers using
statistics; and conducts the
inquiry in an unbiased,
objective manner.
Make a graphic organizer
on the different topics
discussed. Include the
following:

1. Definition of Research
2. Purpose of Research
3. Characteristics
4. Ethics
5. Types