QUESTION BANK BY ANYAKORA CHIAGOZIEM IVY-

MARY ON:
PHARMACOLOGY
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
HAEMATOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY
SURGERY
PAEDIATRICS
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY

GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
&THERAPEUTICS
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
1ST CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT(CA)EXAM
Date:8th July,2021
Time:3hours
INSTRUCTION: (1) Answer all questions. (2) Each question
must be answered in a separate sheet. (3) Write your reg.
number on each page of the answer sheet. (4) All answer sheet
without reg. number will be scored zero (5) Any attempt to
cheat (amounts to exam malpractice) and will be dealt with
according to the university rules/laws.
1a. Define pharmacokinetics and briefly explain the following
pharmacokinetic parameters:(i) Bioavailability (ii)Volume
of distribution (iii) Clearance (iv) Half life......(4marks)
b. Short note on the potency and efficacy of drugs.......(4marks)
c. Short note on the combination therapies (standard treatment
for peptic ulcer disease)..(4mks)
d. Briefly explain the cause and treatment of paracetamol
hepatotoxicity..(4marks).
e. Discuss briefly the pharmacological effects of ethanol..
(4marks).
2a. Give 2 examples for each of the following classes of drugs:
(i) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ii) Tricyclic
antidepressants (iii)5-Hydroxytriptamine (5HT2) Receptor
modulators....(4marks).
b. Mention four(4) ways by which uric acid levels may be lowered
as a therapeutic strategy for gout…. (4marks)
c. Discuss briefly the pharmacological intervention in the
management of Parkinson's
disease..(4marks)
d. List the adverse effects of Gabapentin.... (4marks).
e. State the cardioprotective effects of Helium as a therapeutic
gas....(4marks)
3. Write short note on the following: a. Hypolipidaemic
agents.....(4marks)
b. biological assay.............(4marks).
c. Antihistamines..................(4marks).
d. Synthesis of eicosanoids......(4marks).
 a. List 5 justifications why acetylcholine should be called c. Outline the drugs of choice in the management of premature
neurotransmitter of the cholinergic nerve.......(4marks). labour and pelvic
pain..............................(4marks).
4a. Write short note on CNS stimulants under the following d. Classify general anaesthetics with relevant examples.......
headings:(i) Classification (4marks).
(ii)Therapeutic uses(ii) Side effects(iv) Drug
interaction..................................(4marks). e. Outline the drug of choice for the management of postpartum
hemorrhage….(4marks)
b. Classify diuretics with examples, paying particular attention to
their mechanism of
action................................(4marks) GOODLUCK
c. Classify antiarrhythmic agents based on the method described by
Vaughan
Williams….(4marks)
d. Discuss briefly the pharmacological treatment of Heart failure.....
(4marks).
e. Short note on mechanistic classification of drugs of abuse with
relevant

examples............................(4marks).

5a. Define neurotransmitter and list 7 major types you know,

indicating whether they are
inhibitory or excitatory...............(4marks).
b. Classify convulsants according to their mechanism of action.....
(4marks).
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU.
2ND CONTINOUS ASSESSMENT EXAM
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND
THERAPEUTICS
27TH JANUARY, 2022.
TIME:3HRS
INSTRUCTIONS
· Answer Five(5) questions only. (d) (i)Define urinary antiseptics. Mention 3 examples
only....................3mks
· Read the instruction carefully before answering the questions.
(ii)List 10 disinfectants of pharmacological importance in no
particular order…2mks
1. (a) State the mechanism of action of the following antibiotics:
penicillin, Cephalosporin,
Gentamycin,Spectinomycin,Sulphamethoxaole,Chloramphenico 2. (a) List 5 anthelminthic agents of pharmacological relevance
l,Tetracyclin,Azithromycin,streptomycin,erythromycin…. and state the mechanism of action for
(5mark) each.....................................5mks
(b) Explain briefly the mechanism of Lactation. Mention 5 (b)With the aid of a schematic diagram, show the absorption
inducers and 5 inhibitors of lactation…5mks pathways of a named ophthalmic drug, following topical
application....................5mks.
(c) State two examples for each of the following dermatological
agents (i) Topical antibiotics used in acne (ii) Topical (c) (i) Mention five (5) topical NSAIDs used in ocular
antifungal agents (iii) Immunomodulators (iv)depigmentation diseases.......................3mks
agents (v) Trichogenic agents……5mks (ii)Outline the first line Antituberculosis drugs and state one
major adverse effects for Each….5mks
 (d) (i) State the similarities and differences between oxytocin and (ii) List the adverse reactions of snake venom…..2mks
vasopressin...3mks.
3. (a) Classify antimalarial drugs with examples….5mks intervention....5mks
(b)A girl of 21 years presented to the clinic with the
following symptoms: Milky vaginal discharge, pruritus, (c)What is HAART? Outline the classes of drugs used with
and dysuria. State the diagnosis and pharmacological examples...5mks

(d) Briefly explain the following terms: Bioaccumulation, (d)Discuss the (5) general principles that must be observed-
Biomagnification, and biodegradation….5mks in the use of steroids.....5mks
(e) Explain why the use of corticosteroid is not
recommended in chronic gouty arthritis...5mks
4. (a) Write short notes on cyanide toxicity and Arsenic
poisoning….5mks
(b) Outline the pharmacological effects of insulin on the
following target organs: Liver,muscles and adipose 6. (a) Discuss the steps involved in Rational
tissues...................5mks. prescription.................... .5mks
(c) Outline the clinical features of vitamin B12 the pharmacology of combined oral
deficiency……5mks contraceptives.........5mks
(d) List ten (10) poisoning and their pharmacological (b) Discuss bbriefly the metabolism and pharmacological
antidote(s)..........5mks intervention of Cyanide poisoning……...5mks
(d) What is Autoimmunity? Outline the Mechanisms of
5. (a) Classify Thyroid and Antithyroid Autoimmunity of three (3) autoimmune diseases…….5mks
drugs......................................5mks
(b)Discuss brieflyy the pharmacological intervention of GOOD LUCK GOOD LUCK GOOD LUCK GOOD LUCK
infertility....5mks GOOOD LUCK GOOD LUCK
FACULTY OF BASIC CLINICAL SCIENCES.COLLEGE OF
MEDICINE & HEALTHSCIENCES. GREGORY
UNIVERSITY,UTURU.
DATE:4TH DECEMBER,2020.
INSTRUCTION: (1) Answer five (5) questions only. (2) Each
question must be answered in a separate sheet. (3) Write your
registration number on each page of the answer sheet. (4) All
answer sheets without a registration number will be scored zero.
(5) Any attempt to cheat amounts to exam malpractice and will
be dealt with according to the university rules/regulation.
1. (a) Mention the classes of drugs used in the management of
asthma with examples. State their mechanism of action if
any.
(b) Explain briefly why ASA is contraindicated in patients
with peptic ulcer and bronchial asthma.
(c) Write short note on the clinical uses and adverse effects
of sedative hypnotics.
(d). State the mechanism of action and toxicity effects of
aminoglycoside, tetracycline and chloramphenicol.
(e) Explain briefly the mechanism of lactation. Mention 5
inducers and 5 inhibitors of lactation.
3. (a) Short note on clinical trials.
(b) Short note on Pharmacological uses of drugs.
(b) Short note on classification of vitamins.
(c) Classify antiretroviral drugs with examples based on
mechanism of action.
2. (a) Discuss briefly the metabolism of alcohol.
(b) Classify antihypertensive with 2 significant examples each.
(c) State 2 examples for each of the following dermatological
agents: Topical antibiotics used in acne, topical antifungal
agents, Immunomodulators, Depigmentation agents,
&Trichogenic agents.
(d) List 15 disinfectants of pharmacological importance in no
particular order.
(e) Mention all the essential elements of a prescription. Design
a prescription chart for Mr. Theophilus Eze who is thirty years
old, living at number ten broad street and is required to take five
hundred milligram of Ampiclox three times daily for five days;
Intramuscular Arthemether one hundred and sixty milligram
daily for three days and oral Paracetamol 1000mg three times
daily for three days
(d) State the antidotal therapy for snake, scorpions and spider
venoms.
4. (a) List 5 justifications why acetylcholine should be called a
neurotransmitter of the cholinergic nerve.
 (b) Define Angina pectoris and discuss briefly its (b) List 15 convulsant of pharmacological importance in no
pharmacological intervention. particular order.
(c) Classify antimalarial drugs with examples. (c) Classify general anaesthetics with examples.
(d) Outline 5 classes of ocular drugs with examples and state (d) Classify thyroid and antithyroid drugs with examples.
their corresponding effects on the eyes.
(e) Discuss briefly the pharmacological interventions of infertility
(e) Define the following terms: pesticides, insecticides,
herbicides, fumigants, rodenticides, defoliants.
5. (a) Classify antiarrhythmic drugs with specific examples.
(b) Short note on mechanistic classification of drugs of abuse.
(c) Classify antidepressants with examples, paying particular
attention to their mechanism of action. GOOD LUCK
(d) Define anemia and outline the pharmacological agents for
its treatment.
E. Outline the pharmacological intervention of tuberculosis and
leprosy.

6. (a) Define neurotransmitter. Mention 7 major examples, stating

whether they are excitatory or inhibitory.

DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY &THERAPEUTICS

3rd MB BS PROFESSIONAL DEGREE EXAMINATION
PHARMACOLOGY PAPER 1 ESSAY
GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU INSTRUCTIONS 24TH MARCH,2022
TIME:3hrs
COLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
 a. Answer five questions only action for each...(5marks).
b. Each number should be answered separately 2d. With the aid of a schematic diagram, show the absorption
pathways of a named ophthalmic drug, following topical
c. You must write your number on each answer sheét application.....(5marks).
d. All answ er sheets without Reg. Nos.will be scored zero
e.Avoid Exam Malpractice of any kind as this may 3a. Write short note on the Synthesis of eicosanoids.....
Disqualify you as a Result. (5marks).
1a. Define pharmacokinetics and briefly explain the following 3b. List 5 justifications why acetylcholine should be called
pharmacokinetic parameters: (i) Bioavailability (ii) Volume neurotransmitter of the cholinergic nerve...(5marks).
of distribution (iii) Clearance (iv) Half life......(5marks).
3c. Write short notes on cyanide toxicity and Arsenic
1b. Write short note on the combination therapies (standard poisoning...(5marks).
treatment for peptic ulcer disease)..(5marks)
3d. List Ten (10) poisoning and their pharmacological
1c. State the mechanism of action of the following antibiotics: antidote(s)...(5marks).
penicillin, Cephalosporin
Gentamycin,Spectinomycin,Sulphamethoxaole,Chloramphe
nicol,Tetracyclin,Azithromycin, streptomycin, 4a. Define neurotransmitter and list 7 major types you know,
Erythromycin....(5marks) indicating whether they are inhibitory or excitatory.............
1d. Explain briefly the mechanism of Lactation. Mention 5 (5marks).
inducers and 5 Inhibitors of Lactation…..(5marks). 4b. Outline the drug of choice for the management of
2a. Discuss briefly the pharmacological intervention in the postpartum hemorrhage.........(5marks).
management of Parkinson's disease…..(5marks). 4c. Classify antimalarial drugs with examples......(5marks).
2b. State the cardioprotective effects of Helium as a therapeutic 4d. A girl of 21 years presented to the clinic with the following
gas...(5marks). symptoms: Milky vaginal discharge, pruritus, and dysuria.State
2c. List 5 anthelminthic agents of pharmacological relevance the diagnosis andpharmacological intervention....(5marks)
and state the mechanism of 5a. Classify, Thyroid and Antithyroid drug…..(5marks).
 5b. Discuss briefly the pharmacological intervention of 6a. Outline and discuss the components of a proper
infertility...(5marks) prescription...(5marks).
5c. Discuss the five (5) general principles that must be 6b. Write concisely on the pharmacology of postcoital pills......
observed in the use of steroids...(5marks). (5marks)
5d. Explain why the use of corticosteroid is not recommended 6c. List and discuss the clinical effects of Botulism.... (5marks).
in chronic gouty arthritis...(5marks).
6d. Discuss the specific health conditions associated with
aflatoxins..(5marks).
Chemical pathology

GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH
SCIENCES
FACULTY OF BASIC CLINICAL MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
PATHOLOGY

1.What is Cushing syndrome. Outline the clinical features,

biochemical complications and laboratory tests for screening and
diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (25 marks)

2. You are referred a 49 year old male for on-going care after having
suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The notes from the
cardiologist states the patient is apparently not
hypercholesterolaemia but is somewhat obese and his father died of
a heart attack at 59years of age. On clinical examination you
confirm the obesity (BMI =31), the patients blood pressure is
165/105mmHg, he admits to smoking between 20 and 30 cigarettes
a day until his AMI, but no overt evidence of hyperlipidaemia is
detected. Other than his father there is no clear history of premature
coronary artery disease in his family. A fasting cholesterol is
5.2mmol/L(<5.2mmol/L),HDL-Cis0.8mmol/L(>1.0mmol/L),triglyc
erides 2.7mmol/L,(<1.7mmol/L).
3. Discuss diabetes mellitus,highlighting the definition,
classification and clinical features. Outline the complications
diabetes and discuss the nathogenesis of the complications(25
marks)
4. Write short notes on
a. Galactosaemia (10 marks)
b. Liver function test (15 marks)
GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE & HEALTH SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
FIRST CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT TEST
Instructions: Attempt all Question Date:17th February 2022
a. Discuss the lipid profile in terms of its risk potential and
causation after calculating the LDL
b. Discuss the overall risk of the patient
c. Discuss what other laboratory determination(s) that may be
useful in assessing this patient.
d. Outline your approach to treatment (25 marks)
1. What are porphyrias. In a tabular form, present the enzyme
deficiencies of porphyrias/types of porphyrias. Briefly distinguish
between acute and non acute porphyrias(20 marks)
2. Write an essay on the biochemical markers of bone turnover
under the following headings: introduction, application of
biochemical marker of bone turnover, makers of bone resorption,
markers of bone formation and considerations in the laboratory
measurements of makers of bone turnover. (20marks)
3. Discuss the concept, diagnostic criteria and cardiometablic
implications of the metabolic syndrome. (20marks)
4.(a) Enumerate the functions of magnesium. What are the clinical
features of hypomagnesaemia and hypermagnesemia? Explain the
role of the use magnesium sulphate in the treatment of eclamptic
seizures. (15 marks)
(b) Write succinctly on phenylketonuria. (10 marks)
 (c) Write briefly on the pathogenesis of chronic complication of
diabetes Mellitus. (10marks)
(d). List five characteristics of point of care testing devices.
(5marks)

2. With the aid of detailed diagram, discuss the hormonal regulation

of menstrual cycle (25 marks)

GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU 3. Write short notes on:

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE a. Overnight low dose dexamethasone suppression test(15marks)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY b. Physiologic jaundice......(15 marks)

3RD MBBS EXAMINATION c. Hyperkalaemia......(15 marks)

Paper 2
Instructions: attempt all questions
Date:10th May,2021
Time allowed:3hrs

1.Trace elements are important micronutrients vital for the body's

metabolism
a. Define trace elements and their sub-classifications
b. Discuss selenium as a trace element with emphasis on their
dietary sources biological functions, deficiencies and toxicities.........
(30marks)
 GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU
GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 3rd MBBS EXAMINATION
Paper 2
IN-COURSE ASSESSMENT TEST ON PRACTICAL
CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY (3RD MBBS) Time allowed:3hrs Date:10th May,2021
DATE:16/11/2020. Instructions: attempt all questions
1. Trace elements are important micronutrients vital
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. for the body's metabolism.
TIME ALLOWED:1 HOUR 30 MINS. a. Define trace elements and their sub-classifications
1. Use the reagents provided to screen urine specimen A and B b. Discuss selenium as a trace element with emphasis
for the presence of protein, reducing substances and bile on their dietary sources, biological functions,
pigment. deficiencies and toxicities.........(30 marks)
b. Identify the instrument labelled Z and state one use of the 2. With the aid of detailed diagram, discuss the
instrument. hormonal regulation of menstrual cycle (25 marks)
2. When estimating urea level in sample X, by Diacetyl
monoxime method, the following colorimetric readings were
obtained: 3. Write short notes on:
Absorbance of test=0.20 a. Overnight low dose dexamethasone suppression
Absorbance of standard=0.15 test(15marks)
standard as 80mg/dl b. Physiologic jaundice......(15 marks)
Calculate the urea concentration in sample X. Use
concentration of urea c.Hyperkalemia......(15 marks)
 Gregory University Uturu
Haematology 1st Continuous Assessment: Essay
(Time:2 hours)
1. Briefly describe the classical complement pathway
2. a. Define anaemia
b. Classify anaemia on the basis of morphology, giving two
examples of each.
3. Classify hemolytic anaemias based on aetiopathogenesis
4. Outline the steps you would take to provide safe blood for your
patients in a rural community.
5. Outline the International myeloma working group diagnostic
criteria for multiple myeloma.
2. Tabulate the difference between primary and secondary immune
response.
HAEMATOLOGY 2ND CA ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. A 4-year-old girl who is a known HbSS patient is rushed into the
children emergency room with sudden onset of weakness on one the
right side of the body and loss of consciousness. She had a febrile
illness 3 days prior and was given paracetamol at home. An urgent
Brain CT Scan shows cerebral infarcts, Full blood count shows PCV
-25%,WBC-35x10/L, Platelets -532 x10/L,(Neutrophil count - 60%,
Lymphocyte-25%,Nucleated red cells-15%).The HPLC shows HbS-
92%,HbF -1%.
A. The most likely cause of the neurological problems is WHAT?
(5MARKS)
B. Parts of your immediate intervention will be to transfuse WHAT
Blood type (2marks) With the aim of reducing the HbS% from 92%
to WHAT % to prevent recurrence of this condition (3marks)
C. In what ways can you further modify the disease severity in this
patient? (5marks)
D. What treatment options can you offer aiming for a cure in this
patient? (5marks)
3. a. List the causes of folate and B12 deficiencies
 b. Define acute leukemia and list known risk factors for acute
leukemias.
4. Haematological disorders usually results in derangement in the
quality and quantity of the various cellular components of the blood.
Discuss the above statement in relation to a typical example.
5. A. What will be the likely investigation findings in a patient with
Iron deficiency anaemia?
B. Briefly describe the Ann Arbor staging system for Hodokins
lvmphoma
Gregory University Uturu
Haematology Main Exam: Essay (Time:2 hours 30 minutes)
1. Outline the clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment of
Chronic myeloid leukaemia
GREGORY UNIYERSITY UTURU
Haematology Main Exam: Essay (Time:2 hours)
Note: Attempt all questions25th March,2022
2. a. Define these terms:(i) Purpura. (ii)Petechiae, (iv)Erythema, (v)
Telangiectasia
b. Write a short note on Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
3.a. Write concisely on the membrane attack complex of the
complement system
b. Write a short note on the factors that distinguish the classical
and alternative pathways of the complement system
4. A post-transfusion male patient complained of burning sensation
around his body chest tightness, and chills & rigor before becoming
unconscious. Enumerate the steps you will take to resuscitate him
5. a. Briefly describe the patterns of inheritance for sickle cell trait
and sickle cell anaemia you know
b. Outline the likely investigations you will order for a patient
suspected to have Paroxysmal Noctumal Haemoglobinuria (PNH?
What would be the likely results of the outlined investigations in
PNH
1a. List 5 Immunological complications of blood transfusion
B.Discuss the aetiology,clinical presentation and management
of one of them.
 2a. What will be the likely investigation findings in a patient with RDW 21%
Iron deficiency anaemia?
PLATELETS 443X 10/L
b .State the International myeloma working group diagnostic
criteria for multiple myeloma. The blood film review only showed mderate microcytesis,
hypochromiaanisocytosis, few elliptocytes and few
3a. Describe the major types of hypersensitivity reactions polychromatic macrocytes. Hb electrophoresis showed Hb A
3b. Briefly describe adaptive immunity. and A2 pattern.
a) What are the differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic
4a. Briefly describe the pathogenesis ej bleeding in haemophilia. anaemia in this
b. List the clinical features of haemophilia
patient?
5. A 3-year-old child is referred to the haematologist with a hisiory
of pallor bothering the parents, although child is active and ( b) Broadly classify anaemia based on aetiology, giving 2
asymptomatic. Exanination confirms moderate pallor but no examples each?
palpable organomegaly. A full blood count reveals: This child was later diagnosed with Thalassaemia'ntermedia
and requires repeated transfusions. He had a blood transfusion
WBC 8.8X10/L which was associated with fever and chills.

RBC 4.76X1012/L What types of modified red cell concentrate are used in blood
component therapy?
Hb 8.7g/dl-
c)What type of transfusion reaction is this?
MCV 58.6f
d) e) Which of the above specific modified red cell concertrate
MCH 18.4 pg
will this child receive on subsequent transfusions?
MCHC 31.3g/dl
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU DEPARTMENT OF HAEMATOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY 1ST TEST Instruction:Answer all questions
TIME:1 hour
DATE:31ST JANUARY,2020
 a.Define Immunology.
Ib.Briefly describe passive immun.
2a. Give a brief account of primary immune response.
2b.List and describe the features of antigen presenting cells.
3a. Briefly describe the basis for classification of antigens.
3b.Give a brief account of specific immunity. GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU
4a. Give a concise account of the alternative complement COLLEGE OF MEDICINE&HEALTH SCIENCES
pathway. DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY
4b. Classify the lymphoid system, with examples.
END OF-S1/S2 ASSESSMENT:

29/05/2022.

TIME:1 HOUR.

Instructions: i. Answer all questions

ii.Each question should be answered on
separate sheets of paper.
iii. Write your matriculation number on all you
surgery scripts.

GOODLUCK!!

1. A 60 year old man presented to the clinic with obstructive

and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms,resent onset low
back pain and weight loss, what are your differential 2. List the various locations of intra-peritoneal abscesses.
diagnoses? Describe how you would manage a 40 year old man with
How will you manage the most likely diagnosis? Right sub-diaphragmatic abscess.

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
AND PARASITOLOGY

GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU
College of Medicine and Health Science
Third MBBS Examination Faculty of Basic
Clinical Medicine
 Department of Medical Microbiology and
Parasitology
Theory Questions Time: Allowed:3 Hours
INSTRUCTION: ATTEMPT ALL
QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS 1: Mr J.U.O a 38-year-old
teacher presented to your clinic with his 34-year-
old wife with complaints of inability to achieve
conception after 5 years of marriage. There was.
history of dysuria, purülent urethral discharge,
itching, urgencý and unprotected sex with multiple
sexual partners while taking your history. After
your examination, you made a diagnosis of
primary infertility.
(i) List 2 microbes that may be associated with urethritis.
(ii) Using one of these microhes discuss its antigenic structure,
pathogenesis and diagnosis.
QUESTIONS 2:
(i) Discuss the Pathogenesis, Clinical findings and diagnosis of
Clostridium tetani
(ii) Write short note on Mycetoma under the following
headlines; aetiology Laboratory Dianosis and
pathogenicity.
QUESTIONS 3:
(i) Briefly describe the pathogenicity of vaginal trichomoniasis.
(b) Write short note on the pathogenicity of P. falciparum malaria
in the under-five.
QUESTIONS 4:
(i) Discuss the symptomology and diagnosis of Covid-19
(ii) Enumerate 5 methods in the laboratory diagnosis of fungal
infection
QUESTIONS 5:
A twenty-seven old Miss ACU presented in clinic with complaints
of fever, persistent dry hacking non-productive cough, sore throat
and weakness. Haven taken your history and examination; you made
a working diagnosis of pneumonia [? Atypical pneumonia]
GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU
College of Medicine and Health Science Faculty of Basic Clinical
Medicine
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology
Third MBBS Examination MCQ QUESTIONS
Time:Allowed:90 minutes
Instruction:Attempt All Questions
1. Mature cyst of Entamoeba histolytica is:
(a)Uninucleate. (b)Binucleate. (c)·Quadrinucleate.
(d)Octanucleate.
2. Glycogen mass and chromidial bars are absent in the cysts of
Entamoeba histolytica in:
(a)Uninucleate stage. (b)Binucleate stage. (c)Quadrinucleate stage.
(d)Octanucleate stage.
(i) List 3 microbial causes of atypical pneumonia
(ii) What is the commonest bacterial cause of atypical pneumoniae
(iii)Discuss the organism in (ii) under the following; characteristics,
transmission, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis.
3. Cysts of Entamoeba histolytica are fromed in:
(a) The lumen of the intestine (b) The tissues (c) The soil
(d)All ofthe above.
4. Infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica is:
(a)Trophozcite (b)Binucleate cysts (c)Quadrinucleate cyst (d)
None of the above.
5. Superficial intestinal ulcers do not extend beyond.
(a)Muscularis mucosae (b) Submucosa (c) Muscular coat (d)
Peritoneum.
6. Most common organ involved in extraintestinal amoebiasis is:
(a) Liver (b)Lung (c)Brain (d)Spleen.
7. Which type of vector of malaria parasitic is female Anopheles
mosquito?
(a) Mechanical. (b)Propagative. (c)Cyclo-development.
(d)Cyclo-propagative.
8. Blood-sucking insects may transmit:
(a) Anycylostom duodenale (b)Ascaris lumbricoides
(c)Wuchereria bancrofti (d)Strongyloidesstercoralis.
 9. Parasite which may be transmitted by sexual contact is:
(a) Trichomonas vaginalis. (b)Trypanosoma cruzi. (c)
Leishmania donovani (d) Enteromonas hominis.
10. Parasite transmitted by percutaneous route is:
(a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Giardia lamblia (c) Babesia spp
(d) Naegleria fowleri
11.Pemicious anaemia is seen in:
(a) Diphyllobothriasis (b)Malaria. (c)Hookworm diseases.
(d)Filariasis.
12. How many pairs of flagella are present in the trophozoites of
Giardia deudenale?
(a)One pair (b)Two pairs. (c)Three pairs (d) Four pairs.
13.Which is the infective form of G.deudenale?
(a)Trophozite (b)Cysts (c)Precyst (d)Pseudocyst.
15.Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection can be established
by:
(a) Demonstration of trophozoites in wet mounts (b)Cultivation
(c)Nucleic acid hybridižation techniques (d).All of the above.
16.Which type of vector of material parasihe is female n.y
(a) Mechanical (b)Propagative (c)Cyclo-developmena. (d)Cyclo-
propagative
17. Blood-sucking insects may transmit:
a. A. duodenale b.A. lumbricoides W.bancrofti d.S. starcoraiis
18. Undercooked pork may act as a source of:
a. T.solium b.T.saginata c.D. latum d.A. duodenale.
19.Which of the following parasites is transmitted congenitally?
aT.gondii b.W.bancrofti c.E.histolytica d.G.intestinalis
20.Parasite which may be transmitted by sexual contact is:

14.G.deudenale resides in: a. Trichomonas vaginalis b.Trypanosoma cruzi c. Leishmania

denovani d.Enteromonas hominis
(a) Duodenum and upper part of jejunum. (b)Caecum (c)Colon
(d)Rectum.

21.Parasite transmitted by percutaneous route is: 22.Pernicious anaemia is seen in:

a. E.histolytica b Giardia lambia c.Babesiaspp d.Naegleria a. Diphyllobothriasis. b.Malaria c.Hookworm disease d.filariasi
fowler
a. Uninucleate b.Binucleate c Quadrinucleate d.Octanucleate
23.Mature cyst of E. histolytica is:
24.Glycogen mass and chromidial bars are absent in the cysts a. Trophozoite b.Binucleate cyst c. Quadrinucleate cyst d None
Entamoebahistolytica in: of the above.
a. Uninucleate stage b.Binucleate stage c.Quadrinucleate Stage d. 27.Most common organ involved in extrainstestinal amoebiasis is:
Octanucleate stage
A Liver b.Lung c.Brain d.Spleen
25.Cysts of E.histolytica are formed in the:
28.All of the following characteristics are seen in the stools in
a. lumen of the intestine b.tissue c.soil d.All of the above amoebic dysentery except:
26.Infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica is: a. RBCs in clumps b.Charcot-Leyden crystals c. pyknotic bodies
d.Ghost cells

29.Diagnostic titre of indirect haemagglutination test in hepatitis a.Duodenum b.Jejunum c.Ileum d. Colon
a. 1:16 or more b.1:32 or more c. 33.Which is the infective form of Giardia lamblia?
30.All are nonpathogenic Entamoeba Except: a. Trophozite· b.Cyst c.Precyst d.Pseudocyst
a. E.Coli b.E.histolytica c.E.hartmanni d.E.gingivalis
34.Giardia lamblia resides in:
31.All nonpathogenic amoebae live in the lumen of large intestine
·a.Duodenum and upper part of jejunum b.Caecum c.Colon
except:
d.Rectum
a. E.Coli b.E. histolytica cE:gingivalis d.E.nana
32.Amoebic ulcers are seen in: 35.Trichomonas tenax resides in:
a. Vagina b.Mouth c.Duodenum d.Caecum
36. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection can be established d:All of the above.
by;
37. Which is the infective form of the malaria parasite?
a. Demonstration of trophozoites in wet mounts
a. Oocyst b.Sporozoite c.Bradyzoite d.Tachyzoite
b.Cultivation 38.Resting stage of the malaria parasite is known as:
c.Nucleic acid hybridization techniques a. Sporozoite b.Trophozoite c.Merozoite、 d.Hypnozoite
39.Relapse of malaria ismot seen in infection with:
a. Plasmodium vivax b.Plasmodium ovale、 c.Plasmodium
falciparum.
d. All of the above
40. Plasmodium falciparum is the most pathogenic of the human
plasmodium spp.as:
a. It causes a high level of parasitaemia.
b. It invades erythrocytes of all ages
43.A 40-year-old patient developed high fever of sudden onset.
Peripheral blood film showed all stages of malaria parasite. The
mature schizonts were 9-10um in diameter and contained 14-24
c. Its erythrocytic schizogony takes place inthe capillaries of
intemal organs
d. All of the above
41.Which forms of plasmodium 'alciparum are generay blood film
of the patient?
a.Rings b,Schizonts c.Crescents d.None of the above.
42. Maurer's dots in red blood cells are seen in infection with:
a. Plasmodium vivax b.Plasmodium falciparum. C.Plasmodium
malariae d.Plasmodium ovale
yellowish-brown in colour. Which of the following malaria parasites
is the causative agent?
a. Plasmodium Falciparum b. plasmodium vivax c. plasmodium
ovale d. Plasmodium malariae

a. Plasmodium vivax b.Plasmodium falciparum. c.

Plasmodium malariae. d.Plasmodium ovale
45.Common name for diphyllobothyrium latum is:
a. The fish tapeworm b.The beef-tapeworm c. The pork tapeworm
44. Cerebral malaria is caused by:
d.The rat tapeworm
46.Parasite-induced pernicious anaemiial is seen in infection with: 48.FALSE concerning Staphylococcus epidermidis
a. Diphyllobothrium latutm b.Spirometra mansoni c. Taenia a.known human flora
saginata. d. Taenia solium b..frequent skin contermiation of blood culture
47.Which is the most common organ involved in hydatidosis? c.most frequent organism isolated from infected
a Liver b.Lung c.Spleen d.Kidney indwelling prosthetic device
 d.coagulase positive'
49.True concerming Staphylococcus saprophyticus except
a.coagulase negative
b. its nót a common cause of UTI in sexually active young
women
c.gram positive cocci in cluster
51.Your patient in the emergency room has a 5-cm ulcer on her leg
that is surrounded by a red, warm, and tender area of inflammation.
You do a Gram stain on pus from the ulcer and see gram-positive
cocci in chains. Culture of the pus grows small \-hemolytic colonies
that are catalasè-negative and are inhibited by bacitracin. These
results indicate that the organism causing her lesion is most likely:
53.Untrue Concerning characterization of streptococcus pneumonia
a. quellung reaction. B oxidase test c.gram staining d.catalase
test
54.The Genus Streptococcus is
a. Gram positive ,non motile, spore forming,cocci in chains
b.Gram positive, motile, non;spore forming cocci in chains
d.catalase positive
50.Which of the following virulênce factor produced by Stapiiocoaa:
aureus that prevents the activation of complement and thereby
reduces opsonization by C3b?
a. catalase b. coagulase c.Endotoxin d. Protein
e.Teichoic acid
a.Enterococcus faecalis.b.Staphylococcus aureus. c.Streptococcus
agalactiae. d.Streptococcus pneumoniae. eStreptococcus pyogenes.
52.The difference between N.meningitidis and N.gonorrhoeae?.
a.Meningococci are oxidase-positive,whereas gonococci are not.
b.Meningococci have a thick polysaccharide capsule, whereas
gonococci do not.
c.Meningococci have lipid A, whereas gonococci do not.
d.Meningococci produce penicillinase,whereas gonococci do
not.
e.Meningococci synthesize IgA protease, whereas gonococci do
not.
c. Gram positive, non motile; non spore forming, cocci in chains
d. Gram negative, non motile, non spore forming, cocci in
clusters
e. Gram negatve,motile,spore forming,cocciin chains
For question 55 and 56: A patient presents in a clinic with
complaints of weakness, low grade fever of insidious onset, swelling
of the foot, and previous history of dental extraction.On examination
your findings included heart murmur,splenomegaly.
Laboratory result indicated Gram positive cocci in chains, catalase
negative,aiphz hemolytic,optochin negative
55. Which organism is most likely involved in the above scenario:
a.Streptococcus pneumonia. b.Streptococcus pyogenes
c.Streptococcus. d.Stapylococus aureaus e.Streptococccus
agalactiae
56.What is your likely diagnosis from the case history and
laboratory name
A Subacute endocarditis b.carbuncles c.Dental carries
d.meningitis e.sepsis
57.Your patient is a 2-week-old infant who was well until 2 days
ago, when she stopped feeding and became irritable. She now has
59. In the Genus Neisseriae,the following are 'aIl true except
a. Gram negative,non-motile, intracellular diplococcic b.Ferment
carbohydrate producing acid and gas (c).Oxidase positive
(d.)Uutilizes glucose (e.)LOS is an endotoxin
60.The Jones family of four had a delicious picnic lunch last
Sunday. It was a warm day, and the food sat in the sun for several
hours. Alas, 3 hours later,everyone came down with vomiting and
non-bloody diarrhea. In the emergency room,it was found that
Mrs.Jones,who prepared the food,had a paronychia on her
fever to 38C, developed petechial rash all over her body, and is very
diffcult to arouse. In the emergency room, a blood culture and a
spinal tap were done. Gram stain of the spinal fluid showed Gram-
positive cocci in chains. Culture of the spinal fluid on blood aga-
revealed; hemolytic colonies that grew in the presence of bacitracin
and hydrolyzed hippurate. Which one of the following is the most
likely causative organisr implicated in the infant fever?
a.Staphylococcus aureus b.Streptococcus agalactiae
c.Streptococcus mutans
d.Streptococcus pneumonia e.Streptococcus pyogenes
58.The Difference between N.meingococcus and N:gonococcus
includes the following;
a. Glucose utilization test b. Oxidase test c.Maltose utilization
test
d.Carbohydrate(glucose )utilization test
thumb.Which one of the following is the most likely causative
organism?
a.Enterococcus faecalis b. Staphylococcus aureus c.Staphylococcus
epidermidis d.Streptococcus agalactiae e.Streptococcus pyogenes.
61.A 20-year-old,sexually active woman reports dysuria and other
symptoms ofa urinary tract infection.Gram stain of the urine reveals
gram-positive cocci.Which one of the following-sets of bacteria is
most likely to cause this infection?
a.Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes
b.Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus faecalis
c.Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus epidermidis
d.Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis
e.Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumonia
62.Staplococcal proteins that tunnel through.the tissue,include the
following except
a.Stapylokinase b.Hyaluronidase, c.Penicillin binding protein
d.Llipase e.Protease
63.You're in the clinical laboratory looking at a Gram stain when
the laboratory technician comes up to you and says, “I think your
patient has Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia.”Which one of
the following sets of results did the tech find with the organism
recovered from the blood culture?
a. Gram-positive cocci in chains, catalase-positive,coagulase-
positive
b. Gram-positive cocci in chains,catalase-negative,coagulase-
negative
c. Gram-positive cocci in clusters,catalase-positive, coagulase-
negative
d.Gram-positive cocci in clusters,catalase-negative,coagulase-
positive
e.Gram-positive diplococci,catalase-negative,coagulase-positive
64.Superantigen production by Staphylococcus aureus is involved in
the pathogenesis of which one of the following diseases?
a.Impetigo b.Osteomyelitis c.Scalded skin syndrome d.Septicemia
e.Toxic shocksyndrome.
65.Your patient is a 14-year-old girl who was sent home from
school because she had a fever of 102°C,a severe Headache,and was
falling asleep in class.When her fever rose to 104°C, her mother
took her to the emergency room,where a blood pressure of 60/20
and several petechial hemorrhages were found. Gram-negative
diplococci were seen in a Gram stain of the spinal fluid.Which one
of the following is most likely to cause the fever,hypotension, and
petechial hemorrhages?
a. Endotoxin b. IgA protease c. Oxidase d.Pilus protein
e.Superantigen
66.Which one below is True concerning Streptococcus pyogenes
a.Lancefield group B,beta haëmolytic,bacitracin insensitive
b.Lancefield group A,beta haemolytic,bacitracin sensitive
c.Lancefield group D,beta hemolytiv,bacitracin insensitive
d.Lancefieldgroup A,alpha haemolytic,bacitracin insensitive
e.Lancefield goup B,beta haemolytic,bacitracinsensitive
67..Which one of the following laboratory tests is the most
appropriate to distinguish Streptococcus pyogenes from other β-
hemolytic streptococci?
 a. Ability to grow in 6.5% NaCl b. Activation of C-reactive
protein
c. Hydrolysis of esculin in the presence of bile- d.Inhibition by
bacitracin
e.Inhibition by optochin
68.Which statement is the most accurate regarding transposons?
a.They encode enzymes that degrade the ends of the bacterial
chromosome.
b.They are short sequences of DNA that often encode enzymes that
mediate antibiotic resistance.
c.They are short sequences of RNA that silence specific regulatory
genes.
d.They are a family of transfer RNAs that enhance mutations at “hot
spots" in the bacterial genome
69.Which one of the following is the most accurate description of
the structural differences between Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-
negative bacteria?
a.Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer,whereas
gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer.
b.Gram-positive bacteria have an outer lipid-rich membrane,whereas
gram-negative bacteria do not.
c.Gram-positive bacteria form a sex pilus thaf mediates
conjugation,whereas gram-negative bacteria do'not.
d.Gram-positive bacteria have plasmids,whereas gram-negative
bacteria do not.
e.Gram-positive bacteria have capsules,whrereas gram-negative
bacteria do not.. Several bacteria that form spores are important
human pathogens.
70.Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about
bacterial spores?
a.They are killed by boiling for 15minutes.
b.They are produced primarily by gram-negative cocci.
c.They are formed primarily when the bacterium is exposed to
antibiotics.
d. They are produced by anaerobes only in the presence of oxygen.
e.They are metabolically inactive yet can survive for years in that
inactive state.
71.Ofthe following bacterial components, which one exhibits the
most antigenic
variation?
a. Capsule b.Lipid'A ofendotoxin c.Peptidoglycan d. Ribosome
e.Spore
72.In the process of studying how bacteria cause disease, it was
found that a rare mutant of a pathogenic strain failed to form a
capsule. Which one of the following statements is the most accurate
in regard to this unencapsulated mutant strain?
a.It was nonpathogenic primarily because it.was easily
phagocytized.
b. It was nonpathogenic primarily because.it could not invade tissue.
c.It was nonpathogenic primarily because.it could only grow
anaerobically.
d.It was highly pathogenic because it could secrete larger amounts
of exotoxin.
e. It was highly pathogenic because it could'secrete larger amounts
of endotoxin.
For question 73 and 74 : A 3months old child presents in the clinic
with fever, projectile vomiting, refusal to suck breast. Your
examination findings included bulging anterior fontanelle.
Laboratory investigation result showed gram negative diplococcic,
oxidase positive and ferments glucose.
73.Which organism was likely isolated
a. Haemophilus influenza b.Klebsiella pneumonia c.Neiserriae spp
d.Campylobacter jejeni e.Staphylococcus spp
74.Which other biochemical test will you use in identifing the
particular specie involved.
a.Oxidase test b.Coagulase rest c.Maltose utilization test
d.Optochin test
75.The identification of bacteria by serologic test is based on the
presence of specific antigens which bacterial component is least
likely to contain useful antigen
a.Capsule b.Flagella c.Exotoxin d.ribosome
76.Which of the following process involves a sex pillus
a.Intergration of a temperate bacteriophage
b.Transposition of a mobile genetic element
c.Transduction of chromosomal gene
dConjugation resulting in transfer of R factor
77.When tinea infection is from the soil, it is said.to be
a) Anthropophilic A(b)Geophilic(c) Zoophilic (d)None of the above
78 Tinea infection of the nail is referred to as (a) Tinea
Corporis(b)Tinea Capitis (c)Tinea Unguim(d)Tinea Pedis
79 Most Mycoses are difficulf to treat because (a) Fungi are
Eucaryotic(b)Fungi share numerous homologous genes with their
human hosts (c)Fungi share many gene products and pathways
with'their human hosts (d)All of the above
80 The purpose of KOH used during the laboratory diagnosis of
Ring worm infection is to;
(a) digest the keratin surrounding the fungi so that the hyphae and
spores can be seen.
(b)Digest the chitin of the fungi so that the hyphae and spores can be
seen
(c)Nóne of the above (d) All of the above.
81The following media are used in diagnosis of fungal infections
except
(a)Sabouraud Dextrose Agar {SAB} (b)Brain Heart Infusion Agar
{BHIA) (c)MacConkey Agar(d)Sabhi-Agar
82. Actinomyletes are said to be bacteria because they (a) Are
Pleomorphic(b)Are Dimorphic (c) Are Monomorphic (d)Have
Peptidoglycan in their cell walls
84 In Actinomycoses caused by Actinomyces Isreali, the granules
produced are called sulphur granules because
(a) They have elemental sulphur in their cells.(b) they later change
from white to yellow in colour(c) all of the above(d) none of the
above.
85 Actinomycetes are (a) Gram Positive,Non-motile, non-
Capsulated and non-sporing bacteria (b) Gram Negative,Non-motile,
non-Capsulated and non-sporing bacteria (c) Gram Variable,Non-
motile,non-Capsulated and non-sporing bacteria (d)none of the
above.
86 Which of the following statements is true
(a)Mycetoma was first reported from Madura, a town in
southern India
(b) Mycetoma is also calledMaduromycosis
(c) Mycetoma is a chronic infcection of the subcutaneous
tissue , usually of the foot. (d)all of the above.
87. Classification is defined as the categorization of organisms into
taxonomic groups(T/F).
88.Escherichia coli cause Haem olytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in
infants(T/F)
89. Since bacteria are almost transparent, it is important to use a dye
and create a contrast between the bacterial cell and the
background(T/F)
83.Women wearing intra uterin devices are prone to Actinomyces
infections such as: (a)Cervicitis(b)Endometritis,(c)All of the above
(d)None of the above.
90.Indole test is not used for the identification of E. Coli (T/F)
91.Bacteria identification refers to the practical use of classification
scheme to:
(a)Isolate and distinguish desirable organisms, from
undesirable ones
(b)Verify the authenticity or special properties of a culture in
a clinical setting
(c) Isolate and identify the causative (aetiologic) agent of the
disease
(d) all of the above
92.The substance found only in the bacterial cell wall but not in any
other living organism is called (a)Chitin (b)Peptidoglycan (c)Keratin
(d)Cellulose
93.Which of these statements is correct in negative staining
(a) The organism is stained leaving the background
unstained
(b) The background is stained leaving the organism
unstained
(c)Both the background and the organism are stained
(d)None of the above
94.The length of time it takes a single bacterial cell to divide or for Time (b)Viable Time(c)Generation Time(d)None of the above
the population in a culture medium to double is called(a)Holding

GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU Instruction:Attempt All Questions Time:Allowed:3 Hours

College of Medicine and Health Science QUESTIONS 1: Mr J.U.O a 38 year old teacher presented to your
clinic with his 34 year old wife with complaints of inability to
Faculty of Basic Clinical Medicine achieve conception after 5 years of marriage. There was history of
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology dysuria, purulent urethral discharge, itching, urgency and
unprotected sex with multiple sexual partners while taking your
Theory Questions history. After your examination, you made a diagnosis of primary
Third MBBS Examination infertility.
(i)List 2 microbes that may be associated with urethritis.
(ii) Using one of these microbes discuss its antigenic structure,
pathooenesis and diagnosis.
QUESTIONS 2:
i) Discuss the Pathogenesis, Clinical findings and diagnosis of
Clostridium tetani
ii) Write short note on Mycetoma under the following
headlines; aetiology, Laboratory Diagnosis and pathogenicity.
QUESTIONS 3:
(i) Briefly describe the pathogenicity of vaginal trichomoniasis.
(b) Write short note on the pathogenicity of P. falciparum malaria
in the under-five.
QUESTIONS 4:
 (i)Discuss the symptomology and diagnosis of Covid-19、 and weakness. Haven taken your history and examination, you made
a working diagnosis of pneumonia [? Atypical pneumonia]
(ii) Enumerate 5 methods in the laboratory diagnocie of fungal
infection (i)List 3 microbial causes of atypical pneumonia

QUESTIONS 5: (ii)What is the commonest bacterial cause of atypical pneumoniae

A twenty seven old Miss ACU presented in clinic with complaints (iii), Discuss the organism in (ii) under the following;characteristics,
of fever, persistent dry hacking non-productive cough, sore throat transmission, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis.

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

3RD MBBS MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS;
DATE:31-03-22 TIME:11:00AM.
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
TIME ALLOWED:2HOURS 30 MINUTES
1. a.Discuss diagnosis of asymptomatic urinary tract infection (10
marks)
b.What measures would you advocate in order to ensure reduction in
the incidence of a named health-care associated infection.(10 marks)
2. a.How would you differentiate between Transmissible
Spongiform Encephalopathy and Viral encephalitis,in terms of the
aetiological agent, pathology,pathogenesis,immunology,prevention
and decontamination requirements.(6 marks)
b.List the aetiological agents of viral hepatitis.(6 marks)
c.Describe the Mode of transmission and Laboratory diagnostic
GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU features of Hepatitis B virus infection.(8 marks)

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES


3.a.Explain the term extra intestinal amoebiasis(10 marks)
b.Write a short note on the clinical effects and treatment of
Malaria (10 marks).
4._a.Define the following terms:(i)Selective toxicity,
(ii)Therapeutic index
(iii) Side effects (iv) Narrow spectrum antibiotics (v) Broad
spectrum antibiotics (vi) Synthetic and semi-synthetic antibiotics
(vii) Cidal and static agents (viiil) Minimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration(MLC).
(10 marks)
b.Describe the CLSI standard procedure for Disc Diffusion
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.(10 marks)
5. a.List the various pathogens of superficial and cutaneous
mycoses (6 marks)
b.List the various clinical forms of Candida spp infection.(6
marks)
c.Write a short note on the Clinical and laboratory diagnostic
features of Candidaemia. (8 marks)
ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
 GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU 5(a). Outline the pathological events in the healing of a surgically
incised wound stating how this differs from the healing of an
College of Medicine&Health Sciences infected open cutaneous wound.
Department of Anatomic Pathology
3RD MBBS Examination May 2021 (b).What are the possible complications of wound healing?
Time Allowed:2hrs (c).Enumerate the factors that may influence the healing process.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1(a). List four major and four minor prognostic factors to breast
cancer.
(b).Describe four differential diagnosis of breast cancer describing
in each case the unique presenting features and mode of treatment.

2(a).Classify soft tissue tumours, giving two examples from each

class.
(b).Write short notes on the following
i) Papanicoulau smear(PAP smear)
ii) Prostate cancer
iii)Cervical cancer
GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU
3. Outline 10 common patterns of glomerular lesions.
College of Medicine &Health Sciences
Department of Anatomic Pathology
4.List in chorological order, the movement of tissues from the
Surgeon's table to the Histologist's microscope, stating the rate 3RD MBBS Examination May 2021
limiting step.
Time Allowed:2hrs
THEORY QUESTIONS DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
1(a).List four major and four minor prognostic factors to breast 400A
cancer
2(a). Classify soft tissue tumours, giving two examnles from each CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
class. 1. (a) List 10 risk factors of Breast Cancer
(b).Write short notes on the following
i) Papanicoulau smear(PAP smear (b)Stage Breast Cancer
ii) Prostate cancer 2. List 4 Cellular adaptations to injury. Write short notes on 2 óf
iii)Cervical cancer them.
3.Outline 10 common patterns of glomerular lesions.
3.List the risk factors of Cervical Cancer. Write short notes on
4.List in chorological order, the movement of tissues from the Papanicoulau Smear (PAP Smear)
Surgeon's table to the Histologist's microscope, stating,the rate
4.(a)Classify Uterine Leiomyoma (Fibroids)
limiting step.
(b) Discuss the Clinical Presentations of Fibroids based on their
locations.
5(a). Outline the pathological events in the healing of a surgically
incised wound stating how this differs from the healing of an 5.(a)Classify Testicular Tumour
infected open cutaneous wound.
(b) Mention 3 predisposing factors to Testicular Tumour, and
(b).What are the possible complications of wound healing? explain their Pathogenesis.
(c) Enumerate the factors that may influence the healing process.
Theory paper 1
Date:March,2022,
INSTRUCTION:ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Give a concise classification of ovarian tumours with
GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU examples, according to WHO histological classification.

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2. Outline the morphologic lesions seen in diabetes mellitus.
 3.A.Compare and contrast ENDOMETRIOSIS and 4. List in chronological order, the movement of tissues from the
ADENOMYOSIS Surgeon's table to the Histologists' microscope, pointing out the rate
limiting step.
B.Briefly discuss the theories that support the origin of
endometriosis 5. Outline 10 common patterns of glomerular lesions.

GREGORY UNIVERSITY,UTURU.
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH
SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF PAEDIATRICS
C1 SECOND CONTINOUOUS ASSESSMENT(PAPER II)
ESSAY QUESTIONS.30th MARCH 2022.
TIME:2hours 30minutes
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS.
1. b. Define Febrile Seizures (Febrile convulsion) (4marks)
c. State 4 causes of Febrile Seizures
paediatrics d. Classify Febrile Seizures (4marks,
e.Differentiate between the classes of Febrile Seizures (4marks)

2. A 5day old male whose mother is Rhesus negative is noticed to

have yellowness of the eyes on the first day of life. His mother was
advised by her neighbour to expose him to éarly morning sunlight.
He started having a high-pitched cry and some abnormal hand
movements and that was why she has presented.
a. What is the most likely diagnosis and what complications may he 6.Differentiate between Nephrotic syndrome and Acute
have developed. glomerulonephritis. (20 marks).
b. Enumerate how you would manage this patient? (6 marks)
c. Using the 5 levels of prevention 、 how would you prevent this GREGORY UNIVERSITY, UTURU.
condition? (7.5 marks)
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
3.Master Emeka Uzoma, a I year and 6 months old male was rushed DEPARTMENT OF PAEDIATRICS
into the children emergency ward of the federal medical centre
Umuahia with complaints of five daily episodes of vomiting and six 4th MBBS MAIN EXAMS(PAPER II)
daily episodes of passage of watery stool both of three days
ESSAY QUESTIONS.
duration. Salient examination findings revealed an acutely ill-child,
lethargic, parched lips, delayed capillary refill time greater than 4 5th AUGUST 2022.
seconds and a weight of 10kg. TIME:3 HOURS.
a. What is the diagnosis in this child? (1 mark) ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS.
b. Briefly discuss the practical management of marks) 1. Malaria especially when severe is one of the major causes of
under-five mortality in Sub-saharan Africa;
c. List five principles of management of dehydration. (5 mark
a. What is severe malaria?(2 marks)
4 a.Define tumour lysis syndrome.(3 marks)
b. Define 7 components of severe malaria (7 marks)
b. Outline the predisposing factors. (2 marks) -
c. What is anti-malaria combination therapy? (3 marks).
c. List complications of tumour lysis syndrome. (3 marks,
d. Give 2 examples of antimalaria combination therapy(2 marks)
d. Discuss its principles of management. (8 marks)
e. Mention 2 drugs used for severe malaria
5. a. Mention three forms of classifications of malnutrition?
2. Define and outline the etiopathogenesis, clinical features. and
b.List five predisposing factors to malnutrition? (5 marks). treatment of any two of the following
c. Discuss zinc supplementation in the treatment of diarrhoea in a. Classic Hemophilia (8 Marks).
terms of dose with respect to age and effect of zinc supplementation
(8 marks). b. Burkitt lymphoma (8 Marks)
c. Osteomyelitis (8 Marks) a. What is the diagnosis?(2 marks)
3. a. Discuss the clinical features (history and physical examination b. What are the components of this condition? (2 marks)
findings) for the diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children (10 marks)
b. Discuss your management of this patient. (12 marks)
b. What 3 KEY investigations will you request for the diagnosis (3
marks)
c.State the findings from the above investigations that would
confirm your diagnosis?(3 marks)
4. A nine-year-old male was brought by his mother to the
Children's Emergency Ward(CHEW) of Federal Medical Centre,
Umuahia, following a complaint of headache that is severe and
affects sleep. Following further interrogation, examination, and
investigation, a diagnosis of hypertension in childhood was made.
Based on this narrative, answer the following question:
a. Define childhood hypertension (3 mark)
b. List 5 causes of childhood hypertension (5 marks)
c. Outline your management of this child (12 marks)
5.a.Mention 3 clinical and 3 radiological features of rickets
features of rickets.(6marks)
b. In a tabular form, illustrate the Modified Welcome classification
of malnutrition. (6 marks)
6. A 4 year old female presented to the children emergency room
with a 3 years and 6 months history of recurrent bluish discoloration
of the lips and hands, relieved at times by squatting. Examination
findings revealed an ill child, afebrile, cyanosed and dyspneic with
an ejection systolic murmur maximal at the left upper sternal border. OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
 abdominal pain and abdominal distension. Discuss your
management of this patient. Indro
3a.Define Long-Acting Reversible Contraception(LARC) methods
b.List 6 types of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives
c.Write shòrt notes on the following:
(i).Intrauterine contraception
(ii). Subdermal Implants
(iii).Progestogen-only injectable contraception-
DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
4.A 23year old booked primigravida prešents to the antenatal .clinic
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES,
with transverse lie, labour pains and drainage of liquor of 2hours
GREGORY UNIVERSITY UTURU, duration with live· fetus at 37weeks gestational age:
UMUAHIA CAMPUS. a. What mode of delivery will you counsel the mother on? (You
should be -very specific in your choice of mode of delivery)
4THMBBS MAIN EXAMS PAPER 1 ESSAY
b.List 4 investigations will you carry out before delivering the fetus
INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS ,ALL
QUESTIONS CARRY EQUAL c. List 4 complications that can occur during the delivery
MARKS. d.List 4 complications that can occur after the delivery
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES e. List 4 précautions that should be taken to avoid or minimize risk
of
ESSAY QUESTIONS
1. Discuss your initial assessment, laboratory investigations, and 5a.List 5 indications for hysteroscopy
care during labour and delivery of a pregnant woman who is HIV b.Mention 5 complications of laparoscopy
positive.
c. Outline the complications of obstructed labour
2. An 18-year old girl, a victim of unsafe abortion was rushed to
the emergency department with profuse vaginal bleeding, severe d. Outline measure for preventing malaria in pregnanc,