Fluid Mechanics

Unit-V
Internal and External
Flows
Delivered by,
Prof. A.S. Gujrathi,
Assistant Professor,
SNJB’s K. B. Jain College of Engineering,
Chandwad
Syllabus

• Unit V: Internal and External Flows

• Internal Flow: Losses - major & minor losses, hydro dynamically smooth and
rough boundaries, Moody’s chart, compounding of pipes & equivalent pipe,
siphons, transmission of power
• External Flow: Boundary layer formation over a flat plate, boundary layer
thickness, displacement thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness,
boundary layer separation and methods to control separation, drag and lift
concepts, types of drag, drag & lift coefficient, aerofoil, bluff body, streamline
body
Flow through the Pipes
Pipe
Pipe is defined as the conduit with closed circumference completely submerging
with the flowing fluid.
Loss of Head due to fluid friction( Darcy Weishback equation)

Bansal Chapter 10
Darcy Weishback equation
Darcy Weishback equation
Chezy’s Formula for the loss of head due to friction
(Bansal Chapter 11)
Chezy’s Formula for the loss of head due to friction
Numericals
Minor Energy (Head) losses
Loss of head due to Sudden Enlargement
Loss of head due to Sudden Contraction
Loss of head at the entry to the pipe
Loss of head at the exit of the pipe
Loss of head due to obstruction in the pipe
Loss of head due to bend in the pipe
Loss of head due to Pipe Fittings
The loss of head due to various pipe fittings such as valves, couplings, T-joints,
elbows, etc. is given by,
Numericals
Numericals
Numericals
Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough Pipes
Hydrodynamically Smooth and Rough Pipes
Hydraulic Grade Line(HGL) and Total Energy Line(TEL)
Flow through Syphon
Numericals
Numericals
Numericals
Numericals
Compound pipe( Pipe in Series)
When two or more pipes of different lengths and diameters are connected one after the
other to form a single pipe, such a pipe is called as Compound pipe or pipes connected in series.
Compound pipe( Pipe in Series)
Numericals
Numericals
Equivalent Pipe (Dupit’s Equation)
Equivalent Pipe (Dupit’s Equation)
Numericals
Pipes in Parallel
Numericals
Numericals
Power Transmission Through Pipe
Power Transmission Through Pipe

The above equation gives the condition of maximum power

transmission. It states that Power transmitted through a pipe is
maximum when the head loss through the pipe is 1/3rd of the
head available at inlet.
Power Transmission Through Pipe
Numericals
Thank You