English 1 – Unit 2 August 2023

PRESENT SIMPLE
DO YOU HAVE ANY…? *Conjunctions: AND, OR, BUT
Symptoms
Doctor: Do you have any headache?
Patient: Yes, I do. I have a headache a) and chills.
b) , but I don’t have a stomachache.
Doctor: Do you have any sore throat?
Patient: No, I don’t. I don’t have any sore throat a) or chills.
b) , but I have a blocked nose.
Do you have any dizziness?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.
Sicknesses / Illnesses
Do you have the flu? / Chickenpox? / Covid-19? Ebola?
Yes, I do.
No, I don’t.

DEMOSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
SINGULAR PLURAL
THIS – THESE
We use THIS when the object is near or close.
Examples: This stethoscope is black. Is this stethoscope black?
Yes, this is. / No, this is not.
These stethoscopes are black. Are these stethoscopes black?
Yes, these are. / No, these are not.
SINGULAR PLURAL
THAT – THOSE
We use THAT when the object is not near, but it is away.
Examples: That watch is on the desk. Is that watch on the desk?
Yes, that is. / No, that is not.
Those watches are on the desk. Are those watches on the desk?
Yes, those are. / No, those aren’t

*Answering the questions: SINGULAR. - WHAT’S THIS? This is a …

WHAT’S THAT? That is a…
PLURAL. - WHAT ARE THESE? These are …
WHAT ARE THOSE? Those are…
 SUBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

I MY
YOU YOUR
WE OUR
THEY THEIR

HE HIS
SHE HER
IT ITS
EXAMPLES: SINGULAR and PLURAL Dr. Professor Mr. Mrs. Ms. Miss
My scalpel isn’t clean.
My rubber gloves aren’t in my backpack.
Dialogue
a-Dr. Terceros is my aunt.
b-Where is your aunt, Dr. Terceros, right now?
a-She is at her office.

1- The digestive system has many organs. Its main organ is the stomach.

2- My parents walk very slowly. Their movements are improving.

3- His heart has many problems. Its arteries and veins are blocked.

4- My sister has 2 children, and their names are Ariana and Luciana.
 There is / There are
SINGULAR
Affirmative. - “There + is”
There is a heart in the thorax.
There is a liver in the digestive system.
There is a brain in the human body system.
Negative. - “there + isn’t / is not”
There isn’t any cholesterol in a healthy heart.
There is not a cyst in your left lung.
There isn’t a fracture in your large intestine.
Question. - Is + there?
Is there any abnormality in your urine? +Yes, there is.
Is there any fracture in your femur? -No, there isn’t.
Why is there a cyst in the right lung?
Answer. - There is a cyst because the patient smokes.
PLURAL
Affirmative. - “There + are”
There are some pimples on your face.
There are some broken ribs in the X-ray sample.
There are some germs in the air.
Negative. - “there + aren’t / are not”
There aren’t any infected people in Cochabamba.
There are not any cases of Covid-19 in the neighborhood.
There aren’t any symptoms of cold.
Question. - Are + there?
Are there any symptoms of Covid-19 with the patient? +Yes, there are.
Are there any syringes in your first-aid box? -No, there aren’t.
Are there any bags of blood for the patient? +Yes, there are.
 There IS with a, an
There ARE with some, any, lots of

Affirmative sentences
We use A / AN with there’s and SOME / LOTS OF with there are.
*a lot of = lots of = a lot
Ex. There is a heart in the thorax.
There is an esophagus between the lungs.
There are some spots on your face.
There are lots of veins in the human body.

Negative sentences
We use A / AN with there isn’t and we use ANY with there aren’t.
Ex. There isn’t a cyst in your left lung.
There isn’t an eye in your forehead.
There aren’t any symptoms of cold during the examination.

*Minor sicknesses: COLD, THE FLU, COUGH

To keep in mind. - *any, *some

There isn’t any blood in the micturition.
There is some water in the lungs.
Verb
TO HAVE: To show possession. *base form: HAVE
--- to have got: British
Affirmative Examples
I, you, we, they -- HAVE We have some patients with the flu.
He, She, it -- HAS She has a healthy pancreas.
Negative Examples
I, you, we, they + don’t + have (base form)
They don’t have any symptoms of cold.
He, She, it + doesn’t + have (base form)
He doesn’t have a spleen.
Questions
Do + subject (I, you, we, they) + have (base form) + complement +?
Ex. Do you have any exam in this week?
+Yes, I do. (I have an exam this week).
Do you have practices of Anatomy?
-No, I don’t. (I don’t have any practices of Anatomy).
Does + subject (he, she, it) + have (base form) + complement +?
Ex. Does Nicole have many medical instruments?
+Yes, she does. (She has many medical instruments.)
Does Jhonatan have any big scalpels?
-No, he doesn’t. (He doesn’t have any big scalpels.)

Does Jhonatan have any big scalpels? (-) No, he doesn’t, but his sister does.
(+) Yes, he does, but his sister doesn’t.

POSSESSIVE - ‘S -
THE BOOK OF RENE IS ON HIS DESK. (NO)
RENE’S BOOK IS ON HIS DESK. (YES)
RENE’S PENCILS ARE IN HIS BEDROOM.
Caero’s heart beats faster when he comes with flowers.
*THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. *THE HILL OF SAINT PETER.
Paolo’s hair is short / blue / long / curly / straight.
Valeria’s hands are clean.
Kevin’s liver is working perfectly.
Camila’s lungs have air. They are clean.
Present Simple - Question with DO and DOES.
 When we use pronouns YOU or THEY, we use the aux. “DO”
What do you do? – I’m a medicine student.
What do they do? – They are doctors.
 When we use plural nouns, we use the aux. “DO”
What do your parents do? – They’re doctors.
 When we ask questions with HE / SHE / IT, we use the aux. “DOES”
What does he do? – He is a nurse.
What does she do? - She is a doctor.
 When we ask questions with singular nouns, we use the aux. “DOES”
What does your father do? – He is a doctor.

We use the PRESENT SIMPLE to talk about our jobs and routines.
- What do you do to relax on Sunday? I listen to music. / I watch tv.
We play on XBOX. / We watch movies.
- What does he do for living?
He works for a private clinic. He drives a modern car.
He doesn’t play video games every day.
Present Simple
TO READ (inject, show, cut, walk …)
I – you – we – they He – She – It
read reads
TO OPERATE (time, cure, medicate, suture, name…)
operate operates
TO WASH (watch, smash, stretch…)
wash washes
TO FIX (mix)
FIX FIXES
TO TRY (identify, terrify, fly, fry, study)
TRY TRIES
TO PLAY (delay)
PLAY PLAYS
 Circulatory System:
heart, veins and arteries (PIPES), blood.
bleed – bleeds beat – beats
circulate – circulates pump – pumps
regulate – regulates protect – protects
transport – transports distribute – distributes

Digestive System:
stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, glands,
mouth, tongue, teeth, rectum.
absorb – absorbs poop – poops
chew – chews secret – secrets
digest – digests expel – expels
excrete – excretes process – processes
eat – eats drink – drinks
swallow – swallows tear – tears

Respiratory System:
Lungs, trachea (windpipe), bronchus-bronchi, alveolus-alveoli, pharynx, larynx, nose, mouth,
paranasal.
breathe – breathes hold – holds
oxygenate – oxygenates ventilate – ventilates
inhale – inhales exchange – exchanges
exhale – exhales regulate – regulates
expand – expands shrink – shrinks

Nervous System:
Brain, cerebellum, spinal cord, nerves,
feel – feels react – reacts
touch – touches perceive – perceives
move – moves memorize – memorizes
connect – connects control – controls
lead – leads
 Urinary System:
Kidneys, ureters, urethra, bladder
expel – expels excrete – excretes
transport – transports filter – filters
hold – holds produce – produces
swell – swells purify – purifies

Muscular and Skeletal System:

Muscles, bones, joints, ligaments.
grow – grows break – breaks
join – joins stretch – stretches
contract – contracts protect – protects
support – supports tear – tears

move – moves. -
walk, talk, run, jog, write, jump, sit, sing …
PRESENT SIMPLE
What do you do every day at the university?
In the morning I …
In the afternoon
At night ...
What does your favorite organ do when you consume your favorite drink/food?