Abstract

This experiment studied the three-phase generator and the relationships between the
voltages that it is able to supply. The four-wire three-phase generator, offers two types
of voltages; phase voltage, and line voltage. Each type of voltage can be set up three
different ways, each supplies the required signal with a certain phase shift for each
signal. During the experiment two phase voltage signals were measured using the
oscilloscope, also the rms phase voltage and rms line voltage was measured. Results
show that each voltage signal has a certain phase shift, and that the ratio between the
phase and line is constant. These results show the many properties of the
three-phase generator

Introduction

Theory

The three-phase generator has three induction coils, each isapart, and since the

induction coils have the same number of turns and they rotate with the same velocity,

the voltage induced across each coil will have the same peak value and frequency [1].

The phase voltage (subscript) is the voltage across any of the lines (or) and the

neutral line (). Figure 1 shows the all three phase voltages that the three-phase

generator can supply. As can be seen there is a phase shift of between each of the

lines.
Aims:

This aims of this practice is to:

• Explain the generation of a three-phase supply;

• Describe the structure of a three-phase network and identify the lines;

 • measure the voltages in a three-phase network and differentiate between the
voltage;

• Establish the relationship between the voltages;

• Measure the angle of phase shift between the voltages and explain the
measurements.

Equipment

• Electronic three-phase generator.

• Universal panel.

• Digital multimeter.

• Dual trace oscilloscope.

• Set of connection cables.

• Connection plugs (jumpers), 2 mm/ 7.5 mm.

• Adapter, BNC/ 4 mm.

Procedure

• Turn on the three-phase voltage source, and connect it to the oscilloscope

• Trace what is seen on the screen of the oscilloscope on a graph as shown in Fig.

3
 Fig 3: The oscilloscope display of the two measured phase voltages.

• Disconnect the oscilloscope, and connect the multimeter to measure the phase

voltage.

• Connect the multimeter to measure the line to line voltage.

• Find the ratio between the measured line voltage and the measured phase

voltage.

The Experiment Simulated in Multisim

 fig4

The multimeter readings for the current and line voltage.

fig5

The multimeter readings for the phase voltage and line voltage.
 fig6

The two voltages measured with the oscilloscope.

oscilloscope (XSC2) was used to draw two of the phase voltage signal

1. the phase voltages between L₁ & N and L₂ & N; like in fig 6.

2. Measure the angle of phase shift between the voltages.

The phase shift is : 6.54ms≈118.8˚
θ = ωt
= 2πft
= 2 × 180 × 50 × 6.54 × 10-3
= 117.72˚

Conclusion:

• The 120° phase shift between waveforms and the similarities in appearance of the
three sinusoidal functions.

• at any instant of time, the algebraic sum of the three phase voltages of a
three-phase generator is zero

• The off-load voltage exceed the values quoted for the generator nominal values of
voltage.

• We used the three phase generator has two induction coils.

• In a delta connection the phase voltage is the same as the line voltage the phase
current is less than the line current by a factor of √3 .

References
[1] Robert L. Boylestad, Introductory Circuit Analysis, Prentice Hall, 11th ed., 2006, pp.
1029-1034.