Notes to the Students

Welcome to West Visayas State

University!
This module is a part of the series of modules for flexible
learning spearheaded by the Office of the Director of
Instruction and the Center for Teaching Excellence of West
Visayas State University.

This is your learning material for ED 203 – The Child and

Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles.

The learner is at the heart of the learning process as the

focus shifts from a teacher-centered classroom to one
which is learner-centered. Who are our learners? How will
we be able to maximize their learning potentials? Knowing
the nature and characteristics of the children and
adolescents under our care will enable us to help build a
dynamic learning community in the 21st century.

You can easily relate with the contents of the module for
not too long ago you were also children and now in your
adolescence. It is of utmost importance that you will get to
know very well your future clients as your foundation for
successful teaching and learning.

This 3-unit course is a journey from the prenatal period

up to the adolescence. This will cover five units to include:

Unit I. General Principles of Human of Human

Development & Learner-Centered Psychological Principles

Unit II. Prenatal Period, Infancy and Toddlerhood

 Notes to the Students
Unit III. Early Childhood: The Preschool Years

Unit IV. Late Childhood: The Elementary School Years

Unit V. Adolescence

Each unit is composed of 2-4 lessons with the intention

that the students will achieve the following course learning
outcomes:

1. Organize and synthesize the key ideas, different

concepts, underlying developmental theories and
researches related to the four broad dimensions
(biological, linguistic, cognitive, and psycho-social
emotional) of child and adolescent development.

2. Articulate critical awareness and reflected ideas on

how children and adolescent develop and discussed
the environmental and socio-emotional climate that
promote or impede their learnings.

3. Articulate how different concepts, theories, principles

on learning apply to the developmental stages.

4. Plan and design developmentally appropriate activities

for learners of different ages.

5. Promote fairness, respect or care for each learner to

enhance maximum growth and development.

The different lessons have their corresponding specific

outcomes and follow the 4As format.
 Notes to the Students
The following icons will serve as your guide as to which
part of the lesson you are in:

INTRODUCTI This will provide you with a glimpse

ON of the lesson.

LEARNING This part will make you aware of

OUTCOMES what you are expected to learn.

This part includes an activity related

ACTIVI to the topic.
TY

This part follows up what was done

ANALY
during the activity phase.
SIS

This part presents the “meat” of the

ABSTRACTI lesson including concepts & theories.
ON

This part will enable you to apply

APPLICATION & your knowledge and check how well
ASSESSMENT you learned.

Notes to the Students

 Please follow the directions carefully and keep in
touch with your course handler. You will be expected
to comply with all the tasks as contained in the
learning material as well as other tasks which may be
given by the professor.
You will be given instructions by your course
professor as to the mode of submission of
lesson/unit/course outputs. Please be guided by your
course outline.
Since your learning is self-directed, we trust that
you are capable of independent learning and have
the intrinsic motivation to complete the course as
expected.
Academic honesty is a virtue expected of you as a
WVSU student. Your professor will be in touch with
asynchronously. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your
virtual classmates. Collaborate with them. Get to
know them online. Participate “actively” and make
sure that you attend your class as if there is face-to-
face interaction.
May your first year in the university in this new
normal be most fruitful. Don’t be afraid, you and
your professor will be in this together.
God bless you!
Happy learning ED 203!
West Visayas State University
DISCLAIMER. The ED 203 learning material will be subject to
COLLEGE
review by the University Instructional OFcommittee.
Materials’ EDUCATION
 Department of Psychology and Guidance
La Paz, Iloilo City

COURSE OUTLINE

Course No. and Title: ED 203 - The Child and Adolescent Learners and
Learning Principles

No. of Units: 3 units

Course Description: This course focuses on child and adolescent development with
emphasis on current research and theory on the biological, linguistic, cognitive, social
and emotional dimensions of development. Further, this includes factors that affect the
progress of development of the learners and shall include appropriate pedagogical
principles applicable for each developmental level.

Course Content:

Unit I: General Principles of Human Development & Learner-Centered

Psychological Principles
1. Definition of Terms: Development, Growth, Learning, Maturation, Heredity
(Nature), Environment (Nurture), Principles, Learner-centered
2. Principles of development
3. Factors influencing development
4. Stages in the life span
5. Issues on Human Development
6. Learner-centered psychological principles

Unit II: Prenatal Period, Infancy and Toddlerhood

1. Pre-natal Development
a. Stages of pre-natal development
b. Teratology and Hazards to Prenatal Development
2. Physical Development of Infants and Toddlers
3. Cognitive Development of Infants and Toddlers
a. The Sensorimotor Stage
4. Socio-emotional Development of Infants and Toddlers
a. Erikson’s trust vs mistrust; autonomy vs shame or doubt
b. Freud’s oral & anal stages

Unit III: Early Childhood: The Preschool Years

1. Characteristics of early childhood
2. Developmental tasks of early childhood
3. Physical and motor development
a. Bodily growth and change
b. Skills of preschoolers
4. Cognitive development
a. Piagetian Approach: The Preoperational child
b. Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural theory
c. Jerome Bruner’s Discovery Learning theory
d. Information processing approach & memory
e. Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
f. Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Model
 g. Learning and the Brain
5. Language development
a. Stages of language development
b. Theory of Language development
c. Factors affecting language development
6. Socio-emotional & moral development
a. Freud’s Psychosexual development: Phallic stage
b. Erikson’s Psychosocial development: initiative vs. guilt
c. Kohlberg’s moral development: Preconventional level
d. Behaviorism of Watson & Skinner
e. Bandura’s cognitive social learning theory
f. Brofenbrenner’s ecological system theory
g. Stages of Play
h. The Family and Parenting Styles

Unit IV: Late Childhood; The Elementary School Years

1. Characteristics of Late Childhood
2. Developmental Tasks of Late Childhood
3. Physical & Motor Development
4. Cognitive development
a. Jean Piaget’s concrete operation’s
b. Thinking and learning styles
c. Language & literacy: vocabulary, grammar, syntax & pragmatics
5. The child in school
a. Environmental influences on school achievement
6. Socio-emotional & moral development
a. Freud’s latency stage
b. Erikson’s theory: industry vs. inferiority
c. Kohlberg’s moral development: conventional level
d. Self-esteem and self-efficacy
e. Resilience in late childhood
f. The peer group: Positive & negative effects
g. Mental health at home and in the classroom

Unit V: Adolescence
1. Characteristics of adolescence
2. Developmental tasks of adolescence
3. Physical development
a. Puberty: Timing, onset, sequence & signs of maturation
b. Primary & secondary sex characteristics
c. Psychological effects of early and late maturation
4. Cognitive development
a. Piaget’s stage of formal operations
b. Elkind’s immature aspects of adolescent though
5. Socio-emotional & moral development
a. Freud’s genital stage
b. Erikson’s identity vs. role confusion
c. Kohlberg’s moral development: postconventional morality
d. Marcia’s identity status: crisis & commitment
e. Elkind: The Patchwork self
f. Sexual orientation, attitudes & behavior
g. The relationship of adolescents with family, peers and adult society
 h. Antisocial behavior & juvenile delinquency
6. Issues Confronting Adolescent
a. Personality changes in adolescent
b. Adolescent interests

General References*

Corpus, Brenda B., et. al. (2018). The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning
Principles. Lorimar Publishing, Inc.: Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila
Bjorklund, David F., et al. (2015). Child and Adolescent Development: An Integrated
Approach, 1st edition. Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd: Singapore
Gines, Adelaida C., et. al. (1998). Developmental Psychology. Rex Book Store, Inc.:
Manila
Hurlock, Elizabeth, B. (1982). Developmental Psychology: A Life-Span Approach, 5th
edition. McGraw-Hill: NY
Kail, Robert V., et. al. (2016). Human Development: A Life Span View , 7th edition.
Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd: Singapore
Martorell, Gabriela (2018). A Child’s World: Infancy Through Adolescence . McGraw-Hill
Education: USA
Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis (2012). Human Learning, 6th edition. Pearson Education, Inc.:
USA
Papalia, Diane E., et. al.(2001). Human Development, 8th edition. McGraw-Hill
Companies Inc.: NY
Rathus, Spencer A. (2014). HDEV 3, Student Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning:
USA
Sigelman, Carol K. (1999). Life-Span Human Development, 3rd edition. Brooks/Cole
Publishing Company: USA
Woolfolk, Anita H., (2013). Educational Psychology,12th edition. Pearson Education,
Inc.: USA

*Other references are listed in the specific lessons.