Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING
BY:
MARQUEZ, JC JAMES
CHATO, ARJAY
MARCH 2024
CHAPTER I
Introduction
This chapter discusses the background of the study, rationale of the study,
objectives of the study, scope and delimitation of the study, the research design,
respondents, locale of the study, data gathering procedure, the definition of terms
used in the study and the significance of the study.
In the Philippines, corn serves as a staple food for many people, especially in
regions where rice cultivation is less feasible due to environmental conditions. It is
used in various traditional dishes and is a key ingredient in Filipino cuisine.
Corn is also a crucial crop for livestock feed, particularly for poultry and swine
farming, contributing significantly to the country's livestock industry. Additionally, corn
is utilized in various industrial applications such as ethanol production and as a raw
material for food processing.
Over the years, the Philippine government has implemented various programs and
initiatives to support corn farmers, improve productivity, and promote sustainable
cultivation practices. Despite challenges such as fluctuating prices and weather
related issues, corn remains an essential part of the agricultural landscape and
economy in the Philippines.
Due to the many uses of corn, we the researcher foresaw the investment opportunity
in establishing AJ’s CORN FARM in General Santos City since it is located at the
Southern part of Mindanao where abundant land is found and much more available
for cultivation as it offers adequate supply of water for growing corn.
AJ’s CORN FARM will make use undeveloped and idle lands into more productive
cultural land and will further increase the production of corn in the Philippines.
The production volume of corn in the Philippines amounted to over eight million
metric tons, slightly lower than the produced quantity of 8.29 million metric tons in
the previous year. Over the past six years, about 2.5 million hectares of land were
utilized for cultivating corn in the Philippines.
The five top producers of Corn: Cagayan Valley is the leading producer of Corn with
624.6 MT, Ilocos Region with 387.2 MT, BARMM with 363. 7 MT, Northern
Mindanao with 315.4, and SOCCSKSARGEN with 250.9 MT. In 2022, BARMM had
a 1,142,287.62 MT volume of production and a 13.836% share in national
production.
Using latest available corn consumption data from the PSA for 2015-2016, the
highest per capita corn consumption was recorded in Zamboanga Peninsula (159
kg/year), Northern Mindanao (45 kg/year), Davao (41 kg/year), and Central Visayas
(37 kg/year). The average Philippine consumption was 15 kg/year. FAS Manila
estimates corn imports will increase to 1 million MT for MY 2023/24 because of a
domestic production shortfall. Corn production is expected to decline to 8.2 million
MT because of recent typhoons and the continued presence of fall armyworm.
The project is limited only to the establishment of the farm in General Santos City
and does not cover concern which do not directly from part of corn production.The
respondents will be the people who are exposed and knowledgeable in the
operations of the corn farm production.
This part of study presents and discusses the methodological aspects of research
which includes the research design, the respondents, the locale of the study and the
data gathering procedure.
This study will employ quantitative research design using review of related literature
and the data collected from conducted survey to associate factual information to
support investors in making a project decision. Quantitative Research is used to
quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data that can be
transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors,
and other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population.
Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online
surveys, paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews,
telephone interviews, longitudinal studies, website interceptors, online polls, and
systematic observations, articles and published data.
1.5.2 Respondents
The respondents of this study will be the employees of Mincorn Milling Inc. who is
also engaged in manufacturing corn operating in Region XII located at City Heights,
Leon Llido St. General Santos City in South Cotabato. The proponent selected the
mentioned company, preferably the employees with technical adequacy in plant
operations for data must be collected from only those people who are most relevant
to the objectives of the study.
This study will be conducted in General Santos City. The proposed AJ’s Corn Farm
is going to be established within the same place specifically in City Heights Leon
Llido St. where bountiful of land is found and significantly more accessible for
development. The area of the proposed project offers loam soils that is good for
germination of seeds.
Using the review of related literature, researcher will search for reliable RRLs
sources, published data, and articles that is related to corn farming in the industry of
the Philippines.
All the data gathered will be tabulated, collected, and statistically computed for data
analysis and interpretation.
1.6 Definition of Terms
The following terms below are defined based on how they are operationally used in
the feasibility study to provide better understanding and comprehension:
General Santos City- a highly urbanized city in Region XII where the proposed
project will be located.
Corn- is a tall annual cereal grass (Zea mays) that is widely grown for its large
elongated ears of starchy seeds.
Farm- a tract of land, usually with a house, barn, silo, etc., on which crops and often
livestock are raised for livelihood.
AJ’s Corn Farm- this refers to name of the proposed project. It is a manufacturing
business producing corn.
Loam Soil- Rich, friable (crumbly) soil with nearly equal parts of sand and silt, and
somewhat less clay.
Significance of the Study
This study would be a great contribution to the vast knowledge in engaging agribusiness like
sugar mill. Vital results of this investigation could be highly significant and beneficial
Local Government Unit. This study will provide local government unit here in General
Santos City data as a basis in figuring out how sustainable the project will be and how it
Investors. For the investors to assess physical and financial resources needed and to
determine the potential market, competitors, facility cost and revenues in project
development.
SHS ABM Students. For the student to gain knowledge on establishing business and the
Finally, To the Researcher. This study provides the Researcher a great idea in venturing
Marketing Aspect
This chapter presents the whole marketing aspect including the market situation, market
share, strengths, weaknesses as well as opportunity and threats, total demand and supply, the
General Santos City. The business shall utilize modernize machineries and equipment to
improve quality product and ensure efficient production. GFarmers Sugar will be in the
capitalization; therefore, partner is needed, for it enables sharing of financial burdens in terms
of the expenditures and capital. Furthermore, GFarmers Sugar shall stick to its obligation and
responsibility to its consumers of providing and producing the highest quality of sugar.
The mission and vision statements are very important for these will serve as a compass and
destination of the organization respectively. Having clear vision, mission and goals provide a
focal point that helps to align everyone with the organization, thus ensuring that everyone is
working towards a single purpose. This helps to increase efficiency and productivity in the
organization.
2.1.1.1 Vision
To become one of the leading sugar manufacturing in the Philippines and contribute to the
2.1.1.2 Mission
GFarmers Sugar ensures continual improvement in the quality, efficiency and productivity
encourages and protects sugarcane farmers and workers who shall provide high productivity
and good quality sugar. The company is not only committed to enhance customer satisfaction
by providing high quality sugar but also committed to fulfil corporate social responsibility to
2.1.1.3 Goals
Ensure the security and health of the environment, employee, and facilities,
Expanding customer base by exploring both domestic and international markets and be open
Recognize not only the need of customers but also its employees, and
Strive for excellence in such ways that maintain company’s integrity and objectives.
2.1.1.4 Business Logo
trademark that helps in building brand identity. Below is the business logo of GFarmers
Sugar.
The logo of the proposed business “GFarmers Sugar”. It has sugarcane for it is the major
crop use for sugar production. It has tag line “Pioneer in manufacturing sugar” since it will be
Sugar industry is very important in food manufacturing businesses. Raw sugar is presently
utilized as the raw material or ingredients most specifically in confectioneries and other sweet
beverages.
RAW SUGAR- this refers to the main product offered by GFarmers Sugar. Table below
RAW SUGAR
Raw sugar retains all the mineral and acid impurities of the
sap it came from, which accounts for its unique and varied
Table 1.
The Product
The Market Research Analysis presents the Target Market prescribed by GFarmers Sugar,
the Market Size and Trends, the Competition, Estimated Market Share, Marketing Strategy,
A target market refers to the group of potential customers to whom GFarmers Sugar would
like to sell its products. According to SRA, almost all sugar produced in the Philippines is
households, and other institutions (e.g., restaurants, bakeries, and hospitals). The largest
Philippine sugar export market is the United States. Thus, the target market of the proposed
project are the importers of sugar abroad particularly in US and the domestic household
specifically in Region XII. However, target market will not only be limited to these specific
Market Size
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the total number of households in the
country in 2015 was recorded at 22.98 million, higher by 2.81 million compared with the
20.17 million households posted in 2010. In 2000, the total number of households was 15.28
Particulars Total
Table 2.
The researcher has calculated the total population for household in order to compute
the market size of the business. The calculated population for that bracket in 2018 is
1,050,680. The business target market will be calculated by deducting the poverty rate of
30.5% according to Philippine Statistics Authority derived fromhttp://rsso12.psa.gov.ph/.
Then, it is multiplied by 80% which is the willing respondents. The percentage of willing
respondents is computed using the survey that was conducted among 100 respondents. The
80 individuals are interested in the business if it will be established.
Trends
Global demand for sugar is increasing and is anticipated to grow in the next decade because
of the higher demand from food industries. In Philippines, the “Food and beverage industry is
one of the biggest contributors to the nation's economy making up about half of
its manufacturing sector and contributing about 23-24 percent of the country's GDP. The
sector uses sugar across a wide range of product depending on what type of food product that
According to the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in www.dti.gov.ph, sugar is one of
the prime commodities traded in the market today. Most sugar comes from the tropical
sugarcane which can be processed either as refined or raw. The presence of a large Sugar
Mill (North Cotabato Sugar Industries Inc.) encouraged sugar planters to expand sugar
plantation in the province. In fact, in Region 12 the area of sugarcane plantation totals 14,000
hectares. The production in metric tons amounted to 576,349 with the yield per hectare of
53.59 metric tons. This is an indicator that there is a significant demand for sugarcane in the
2.3.3 Competitions
In Mindanao, there are three (3) existing sugar mills which consider as the indirect
competitors of GFarmers Sugar and One (1) direct competitor. Two are located from
Bukidnon namely; Busco Sugar Milling Co., and the Crystal Sugar Co., Inc. in Maramag,
Bukidnon. One is from Davao Del Sure namely Davao Sugar Central Co., Inc. The only one
direct competitor which is the Cotabato Sugar Central Co., Inc. from Matalam, North
Cotabato since it is the only existing player in Region XII. The competition in winning
customers is tight for they already their brand recognition and connections. Competitors shall
not be limited to existing players but also consider those who potential new entrants of the
same field of business. As a new entrant of the industry, it is crucial for business to enter
market. Difficulties may arise on the aspects of marketing, technical and financial. Still,
2.3.4 Demand
business and willingness to pay a price for a specific product. Since the project has limitation
like limited resources, finding requirements and manufacturing capacity, the researcher
In the Table below, it summarizes the frequency of annual market consumption (per kilo).
The total frequency in a year shall be used in getting the total demand for the business.
multiplied to its frequency of 365 resulted to 18.25 frequency in a year. For once week, the
percentage of 15 over 80 is 19%, multiply it to 52 for the frequency results to 9.88. For the
period of twice a week, the willing respondents’ percentage is 19% computed by 15 divided
by 80, and then multiplies it to 104 and get a frequency of 19.76. For the period of once a
month, the frequency in a year is 12, so just multiply the percentage of willing respondents 31
by the frequency of 38%. Lastly for the period of twice a month, with 15 respondents
equivalent to 19% multiplied by its frequency which is 24, resulting to 4.56. Summing it, the
annual frequency for the business is 10. In the table below shows the calculation in getting
Particulars Total
Total Demand
The total market size of the business, 525,761 is multiplied to the average frequency of 57.01,
to get annual total demand. The calculated estimated annual demand is 29,973,635 kilos.
2.3.5 Supply
In the market, there is only one existing registered sugar mill in Region XII engaged in
manufacturing raw sugar. The Cotabato Sugar Central Co., Inc. it is formerly North Cotabato
Sugar Industries Inc. (NOCOSII), the factory is a sugar processing plant with rated capacity
of 4,500 tons cane per day (TCD) and a reduced overall sugar recovery of 84.86 % against
the standard overall recovery of 83.27% based on data taken from the CY 2013-2014 SRA
Annual Synopsis of Raw Sugar Factories. It is owned and operated by Pacific Sugar.
The supply of GFarmers Sugar is the average customers that the business could
accommodate. The table below shows the competitor’s market share of the proposed
business.
Total 249,600
Table 5.
Total Supply
The researcher conducted interview on its competitor. The table presented above identified
the competitor’s average number of customers per day and their working days per year. The
This section presents and discuss how demand and supply affect each other. Demand and
supply must meet to also meet market’s satisfaction and minimize opportunity cost. The
demand and supply analysis is crucial to determine the available free market in the market.
The following computation shown in the table below will determined the free market which
is useful to come up with the total estimated market share of the proposed business to be put
Particulars Total
Table 6.
As shown above, the free market is derived from annual demand of 599,473 less the annual
This section presents the estimated market share percentage of the proposed business. Thus,
the market share will be based on annual capacity that could be catered by the proposed
The table below presents the estimated market share of GFarmers Sugar.
The market share of the proposed business is computed by using the estimated annual
capacity, 99,216 which was compared to the annual market share whichever is lower, as
computed in table above. To be divided by free market that we have computed. The market
share of the proposed business is 16.55%.
Figure 2.
Estimated Market Share
As seen above, the blue portion represents the free market with 42% of the demand. Orange
covers the market share of Cotabato Sugar Central Co. Inc with 42%, while GFarmers
Generally, the capacity of a sugar plant is expressed in TCD (Tonnes cane crushing per day).
The table underneath shows the detailed information of the maximum capacity for the
proposed business.
Annual Capacity
Total Minutes of Operation per Day (8 hrs. x 60 min) 480
Divided by the number of minutes required for
production 90
Total Capacity in production 5.3
Multiply by the Tonnes produced by Equipment 5
Total number of tonnes produced in a day 26.5
Multiply by the number of operation days per year 234
Total Capacity per year 6,201
Practical Capacity 80%
Estimated Annual Capacity 4,960.80
Multiply by kilos per tonne 1,000
Total number of kilos 4,960,800
Total Number of Bags per year (@50 kilos) 99,216
Table 8.
Machine Capacity
The proposed business will operate for 8 hours or 480 minutes a day. It is estimated that the
average number of minutes to cater each whole service flow will be at least 90 minutes. Total
minutes of operation per day divided by 90, the number of minutes required to cater each
customer, to get the capacity per day then multiply by tonnes per flow and the number of
days of maximum operations to get the capacity per year. Multiply the total capacity per year
by the practical capacity of 80% to get the estimated annual capacity of 4,960.80 tonnes.
Three months will be allotted for machines clearing and maintenance; one month before
operating, one month in between operations, and one month after operations. The ratio of
This part of the study discusses the SWOT analysis, market penetration strategy, pricing
strategy and promotional strategy. Basically, the marketing strategy is influenced by the
price, promotion, place and services. Thus, the researcher used information obtained from the
interview conducted with its competitor as a tool in establishing sales promotion strategies,
pricing strategy and sale and service strategies for GFarmers Sugar.
This analysis is an intended planning used for evaluating the strengths, weakness,
opportunities and threats for GFarmers Sugar. It identifies the external and internal factors
which are unfavorable and favorable for achieving the goal. The role of SWOT analysis is to
take information from environment and separates it into internal issues (strengths and
2.3.1.1 Strengths
Strengths are defined as what each business does best in its scope of operations which can
give it an upper hand over its competitors. The following are the strengths of GFarmers
Sugar:
concerns as being the center of all actions to fully achieve customer’s satisfaction and
loyalty.
● Competent: GFarmers Sugar can very well compete to the market place and can
● Provides employment for locals- this will give employment opportunity for local
business productivity.
2.3.1.2 Weaknesses
Weaknesses are used to refer to areas where the business or the brands needs improvement.
● Technical Problem- problems that may arise in operation (in terms of equipment,
2.3.1.3 Opportunities
Opportunities refer to those avenues in the environment that surrounds the business on which
● Location- General Santos City is one of the potential areas for sugarcane plantations
Corporation. With the potential area (in hectares) of 22,000, thus this gives better
opportunity for investment as location is qualified for the plant and expansion.
● Increasing Demand- demand for sugar in global market is expected to increase in next
decades.
● Market Expansion- high demand would create opportunity for expansion domestically
and internationally.
2.3.1.4 Threats
Threats are those factors in the environment which can be detrimental to the growth of the
● Climate Change- vulnerable to climate change through the direct effects of changing
climate conditions
● Government Policy and Control- Government intervention might cause to the changes
in tariff and other legal requirements that might be a risk for the business.
● Low sugar yield- the Philippines has low sugar yield compared to players in other
countries
● New Entrants- this refers to those entity who would possibly engage to the same field
● Refined Sugar/Sugar Substitute- demand for refined sugar (white sugar) or other
sugar substitutes such as fruit sweetener could affect demand for sugar.
This strategy focuses on capturing large share of in an existing market. GFarmers Sugars
seeks to gain greater dominance in market which it already has an existing offering. As a new
player, price is the key to market penetration. With a reasonable price but lower than the
The pricing strategy works well specially in market place where consumer are price sensitive.
Adjusting on price to increase sales could be used as a tactics. Increasing price consistently
may make your customer believe that GFarmers Sugars is a high-profit motive company.
Lowering price too often would make your customer think that GFarmers Sugars offers
Price
Pricing Strategy
In the last SRA price monitoring report showed that the average retail cost of domestic raw
sugar is Php 1,681.67 per 50-kilo bag, thus the price that was set up by GFrarmers Sugars
Promotional activities are also essential factor in building brand awareness. A promotional
strategy is the marketing communication with customers. It is the strategic plan for promoting
business or a roadmap for GFarmers Sugar to reach out its target audience/customers.
charge of promoting offering directly to consumer through the means of direct email,
Sugar offers its product to another retail company or other business that is engage in
sweet products.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS