Chapter 15.

Chapter 15. Vector Calculus

§15.1. Vector Fields.

   
1. Sketch the vector field     .
  


2. Find the gradient vector field ∇ of           and sketch it.

Chapter 15.

§15.2. Line Integrals.

1. Evaluate the line integral, where  is the given curve.

(a)  ,  is the right half of the circle     


  

(b)        ,  consists of line segments from    to    and from    to   .



(c)   ,  is the line segment from     to    .




(d)      ,  :              ≤  ≤ 

  


2. The figure shows a vector field  and two curves  and  . Are the line integrals of  over
 and  positive, negative, or zero? Explain.

3.(a) Evaluate the line integral ∙, where  is given by the vector function ,


     sin cos   ,       ,  ≤  ≤ .

(b) Find the work done by the force field           in moving an object along an arch
of the cycloid      sin     cos ,  ≤  ≤ .
(c) Find the work done by the force field         on a particle that moves along
the parabola      from    to   .
(d) Find the work done by the force field       〈        〉 on a particle that
moves along the line segment from     to    .

(e) An object with mass  moves with position function     sin    cos     ≤  ≤  .

Find the work done on the object during this time period.

4. The force exerted by an electric charge at the origin on a charged particle at a point    

with position vector  〈  〉 is      where  is a constant. Find the work done as
 
the particle moves along a straight line from     to    .

5. The base of a circular fence with radius 10m is given by   cos,   sin. The height of
the fence at position  is given by the function            , so the height varies
from  m to m . Suppose that  of paint covers  . Determine how much paint you will
need if you paint both sides of the fence.
Chapter 15.

§15.3. The Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals.

1. The figure shows a curve  and a contour map of a function  whose gradient is continuous.

Find ∇⋅.


2. Determine whether or not  is a conservative vector field.

If It is, find a function  such that   ∇.
(a)             
(b)       sin     cos 


3. Let            and  be the semicircle       from     to   .

(a) Evaluate ∙ directly.



(b) Show that  is conservative and find a function  such that   ∇.

Using the fundamental theorem for line integral, evaluate ∙.




4. Let       sin  cos  cos    sin  and  :    sin    ,  ≤  ≤  .

Find a function  such that   ∇ and evaluate ∙ along the given curve  .


5. Show that the line integral   



   is independent of path and evaluate the

integral when  is any path from    to   .

6. Find the work done by the force field            in moving an object from    to
  .

 
7. Let        , where       
       .
   


 
(a) Show that    .
 
(b) Show that ∙ is not independent of path. [Hint: Compute  ⋅ and  ⋅,
  

where  and  are the upper and lower halves of the circle      from   
 

to   ]
Chapter 15.

8. Evaluate the line integral       , where C consists of the line segment from

 

    to     followed by the circle           in a counterclockwise direction to the

point     on the plane   .

9. Using the fundamental theorem of line integral, solve the problem 4 in section 14.2: that is,
The force exerted by an electric charge at the origin on a charged particle at a point    

with position vector  〈  〉 is      where  is a constant. Find the work done as

the particle moves along a straight line from     to    .
Chapter 15.

§15.4. Green's Theorem.

1. Evaluate the line integral     ,  is the triangle with vertices  ,  , and  

 

by two methods : (a) directly (b) using Green's Theorem.

2. Use Green's Theorem to evaluate the line integral along the given positively oriented curve.

(a)   



   cos ,  is the boundary of the region enclosed by the parabolas

   and   
(b)     ,  is the circle   

   


3. Evaluate ⋅, where    〈  cos  sin〉, and  is the circle        

 

oriented clockwise.

4.(a) Find the area enclosed by the ellipse     .
(b) Find the area under one arch of the cycloid of     sin     cos and above the -axis.

5. A particle starts at the origin, moves along the  axis to   , then along the quarter-circle
      ≥   ≥  to the point   , then down the  axis back to the origin.

〈 
Find the work done on this particle by the force field      sin  sin       .
 〉
    
6. Let      
  
. Evaluate ⋅ where  is the given positively oriented curve.


(a)  is the boundary of the region between the circles      and     .

(b)  is the ellipse     .
(c)  is the straight line segment from    to   , then to    , then to    .

      
7. Evaluate 
⋅, where     
   
, and  is any positively oriented simple

closed curve that encloses the origin.

Chapter 15.

§15.5. Curl and Divergence.

  
1. Find the curl and the divergence of the vector field        .
     

2. Determine whether or not the vector field             is conservative.
If it is conservative, find a function  such that   ∇.

3.(a) Is there a vector field  on ℝ  such that curl  〈 sin cos   〉? Explain.
(b) Show that any vector field of the form                  where , ,  are
differentiable functions is irrotational.
(c) Show that any vector field of the form             is incompressible.

4. Prove the identity div    div  ⋅∇, assuming that the appropriate partial derivatives
exist and are continuous. Here  is a scalar field and  are vector fields.

5. Let        and   . Verify each identity.

(a) ∇   
 
(b) ∇    
 

6.(a) Use a second vector form of Green's Theorem to prove Green's first identity :

 ∇    ∇∙   ∇ ∙∇ 


 

where  and  satisfy the hypotheses of Green’s Theorem and the appropriate partial
derivatives of  and  exist and are continuous.
(b) Use Green's first identity to show that if  is harmonic on  , and if       on the

boundary curve  , then  ∇    (Assume the same hypotheses as in (a).)



Chapter 15.

§15.6. Parametric Surfaces and Their Areas.

1. Find a parametric representation for the surface.


(a) The part of the sphere        that lies above the cone      
(b) The part of the plane      that lies inside the cylinder     

2. Find an equation of the tangent plane to the given parametric surface at the specified point.
(a)     ,    ,      ;    
   
(b)       cos   sin   ;       
  

3. Find the area of the surface.

(a) The part of the surface    that lies within the cylinder     
(b) The helicoid with vector function       cos   sin  ,  ≤  ≤   ≤  ≤ .

4.(a) Find the area of the part of the sphere        that lies inside the paraboloid
    .
(b) Find the area of the part of the sphere       that lies inside the cylinder
    .

5. The figure shows the surface created when the cylinder      intersects the cylinder
    . Find the area of this surface.
Chapter 15.

§15.7. Surface Integrals.


1. Suppose that              , where  is a function of one variable such that

    . Evaluate       , where  is the sphere     


  
 .

2. Evaluate the surface integral.

(a)    ,  is the surface with vector equation   〈       〉,   ≤ .

       

(b)    ,  is the part of the plane      that lies in the first octant.


(c)   ,  is the part of the paraboloid      that lies inside the cylinder     .
   


(d)         ,  is the hemisphere       ,  ≥ .

    


3. Evaluate the surface integral ⋅ for the given vector field  and the oriented surface  .


In other words, find the flux of  across  . For closed surfaces, use the positive (outward)
orientation.
(a)           , where  is the part of the paraboloid        that lies above
the -plane and has upward orientation
(b)         ,  consists of the paraboloid      ,  ≤  ≤ , and the disk
   ≤ ,

4.(a) The temperature  at a point in a ball with conductivity  is inversely proportional to the
distance from the center of the ball. The rate of heat flow across a surface  in a body is

given by   ∇⋅ . Find the rate of heat flow across a sphere  of radius  with center


at the center of the ball.


(b) Let  be an inverse square field, that is,     for some constant , where
 
     . Show that the flux of  across a sphere  with center the origin is
independent of the radius of  .
Chapter 15.

§15.8. Stoke's Theorem.

1. Verify that Stokes’ Theorem is true for the vector field            and  is of the
part of paraboloid        that lies above the plane   , oriented upward.

2.(a) A hemisphere  and a portion  of a paraboloid are shown. Suppose  is a vector field on
  whose components have continuous partial derivatives.
Explain why  curl⋅  curl⋅ .
 

(b) Evaluate curl⋅ . where                and  consists of the top and



the four sides (but not the bottom) of the cube with vertices ± ± ± , oriented outward.

3. Evaluate curl⋅ .


(a)              ,  is the half of the ellipsoid        that lies to the
right of the -plane, oriented in the direction of the positive -axis.
(b)        sin            and  consist of the cylinder       ≤  ≤  
and the hemisphere            ≥  , oriented outward.

4. Evaluate ⋅, where           ,  is the curve of intersection of the plane


    and the cylinder     , and  is oriented counterclockwise as viewed from above.

5. A particle moves along line segments from the origin to the points   ,   ,    and
back to the origin under the influence of the force field           .
Find the work done.

6. Let  be a simple closed smooth curve and lies in the plane       . Show that the line

integral      depends only on the area of the region enclosed by  and not


on the shape of  or its location in the plane.

7. If  is a sphere and  satisfies the hypotheses of Stokes' Theorem, show that curl ⋅  .


8. Suppose  and  satisfy the hypotheses of Stoke's Theorem and   have continuous
second-order partial derivatives. Prove it.
Chapter 15.

(a) ∇  ⋅  ∇ ×∇  ⋅

 

(b)  ∇ ⋅  



9. Evaluate   sin   cos  , where  is the curve   sin    cos   sin 

 

 ≥ . (Hint: Observe that  lies on the surface   .)

Chapter 15.

§15.9. The Divergence Theorem.

1. Verify that the Divergence Theorem is true for the vector field            
on the solid  bounded by the paraboloid        and the -plane.

2. Calculate the surface integral ⋅ ,


that is, calculate the flux of  across  .

(a)       cos        sin   ,  is the surface of the solid bounded by
the paraboloid      and the plane   .
(b)           ,  is the surface of the solid bounded by the cylinder     
and the planes    and   .

3. Evaluate ⋅ , where             tan      and  is the top half of

   

the sphere       . [Hint : Note that  is not a closed surface. First compute integrals
over   and   , where   is the disk    ≤ , oriented downward, and     ∪  ]

4. Evaluate       where  is the sphere     


   
 .

5. Prove each identity, assuming that  and  satisfy the conditions of the Divergence Theorem
and the scalar functions and components of the vector fields have continuous second order
partial derivatives.

(a)     
 ⋅ , where           


(b) curl⋅  


(c)  ∇ ⋅   ∇   ∇⋅∇ 


 

6. A vector field  is shown. Use the interpretation of divergence derived in this section to
determine whether div  is positive or negative at   and at   .

  
7. Let    .
     


(a) Compute the outward flux of the vector field  across the sphere           .
(b) Compute the outward flux of the vector field  across the ellipsoid       .