Definition of Sports
Sport pertains to any form of physical activity or
game often competitive and organized that aims
to use, maintain or improve physical ability and
skills while providing enjoyment to participants
and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators.
Play
➔ It is free
➔ It is separated in space and time
➔ It is certain - outcome is unpredictable
➔ It may contain an element of make-believe
Game
➔ There are goals for participating that
originate outside the game itself (prestige,
recognition, status, etc.)
➔ There are rules, formal or informal that
the players must abide by
➔ There is a seriousness about it - winning
matters, and thus preparation is
important
Sports
➔ Sports are competitive physical activities
that
★ are governed by a set of rules
★ often involve teams or individuals
competing against each other.
➔ Sports often require specialized
equipment and training
➔ Athletes are expected to follow rules and
regulations.
Reasons why people participate in games and
sports:
★ Health and Fitness
★ Social Interaction
★ Challenge and Competition
★ Fun and Enjoyment
★ Skill Development
Role of Sports in Society
★ Promotes physical health
★ Fosters social connections
★ Teaches important life skills
★ Provides opportunities for personal growth
★ Promotes cultural exchange
★ Generates economic activity
Sporting Event
★ The sport
★ Who took part
★ Place and Time: Weather
★ Spectators/ The Atmosphere
★ Most Exciting Moments
★ Result
★ Why you chose to watch it
Types of Sports
Individual/ dual sports - are played by one or two
participants on each competing side
Team sports - are played by three or more
participants on each competing side.
Several Aspects:
★ Scoring
★ Training and practice
★ Focus
★ Level of interdependence
★ Pressure and responsibility
Other Reasons:
➔ We learned individual sports, relying on the
individual.
➔ Team sports rely on team meets.
➔ In playing any sports you must focus. You
must have a clear understanding of the
game and work ethics in mastering the
skills.
Things to consider in playing sports
History
➔ Origin of the game, the inventor of the
sports, the country of origin, and the
development of the game
Court Dimension
➔ Where the game is played and safety
procedures whether it is indoor, outdoor or
both, size, different designs for male and
female. (SAFETY FIRST)
Equipment and Gear
➔ Uniform or outfit of the players and
officials. like Amis and Taekwondo need to
have gear.
Technical and Tactical Skills
➔ This is playing the basic skills and
strategies in playing the sports.
➔ Example: Basketball - dribbling, passing,
shooting (FIBA)
Volleyball - serving, receiving, spiking (FIVA)
Rules of the game
➔ Rules, violation, penalties
Officiating
➔ Duties and responsibilities of the officials
Aspects of Learning Sports
★ History
★ Court Dimensions/Venue
★ Equipment/Gear
★ Technical and Tactical Skills
★ Rules of the Game
★ Officiating
Basketball Tactical Skills
Origin: Basketball was invented by James Naismith ➔ These are the decision-making skills or
in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. Within a few strategies used in different situations
decades, the new game became popular during the game.
throughout the United States as an indoor sport ➔ These vary depending on the trainer or
during the winter. The popularity spread overseas coach, skill level of an athlete or the
and the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) strength and weakness of the opposing
was organized in 1932 in Geneva, Switzerland. team
Peach basket was the first ring/basket used Example:
when the game was first demonstrated. ★ Use of quick pass and movement against a
Inventor: James Naismith taller but slower opponent in basketball
Country of origin: Springfield, Massachusetts ★ The use of tactical decision during a game
When: 1891 is called "Game Sense”
Court Dimension: The standard size is 28m long
and 15m wide. BASKETBALL
Brief History of Basketball
Volleyball ➔ Basketball is a popular sport that was
Origin: Volleyball (originally called mintonette) invented in 1891 by a Canadian physical
was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, physical education instructor named James
director of the Young Men's Christian Association Naismith.
(YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was ➔ Naismith was looking for a way to keep his
designed as an indoor sport for businessmen students active during the winter months,
who found the new game of basketball too and he came up with the idea of a new
vigorous. game that could be played indoors.
Inventor: William G. Morgan ➔ The rules of basketball were simple at first,
Country of origin: Holyoke, Massachusetts but they evolved over time. For example,
When: 1895 the peach baskets were eventually
Court Dimension: 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 replaced with metal hoops with backboards
meters (29.5 feet) wide to make it easier to retrieve the ball after a
score. In addition, the number of players on
Individual/ Dual Sports each team was reduced to five, and the
List of Individual Sports in the Philippines game became more fast-paced and
★ Athletics exciting.
★ Swimming
★ Boxing Benefits of Basketball
★ Taekwondo ★ Cardiovascular health
★ Gymnastics ★ Strength and endurance
★ Chess ★ Weight management
★ Table Tennis ★ Coordination and balance
★ Lawn Tennis ★ Socialization and teamwork
★ Badminton ★ Mental health
★ Cycling ★ Improves concentration and focus
★ Golf
★ Judo Rules and Regulations
★ Karate ➔ Court dimensions and markings: A
Technical and Tactical Skills standard basketball court is 94 feet by 50
feet, and it is marked with lines to indicate
Technical Skills the boundaries and areas of play.
➔ Basic or fundamental skills needed to play ➔ These markings include the center circle,
the game. free-throw line, three-point line, and
➔ It advances in degrees or level as a player out-of-bounds lines.
practices or gets used to doing the skill. Scoring
Examples: ➔ Points are scored by shooting the ball into
★ Dribbling the opposing team's basket.
★ Shooting ➔ A basket made from inside the three-point
★ Ball Reception line is worth two points, while a basket
★ Attacking/Spiking made from outside the three-point line is
★ Setting worth three points.
 ➔ Free throws, which are awarded after a
foul, are worth one point each.
Time Limits
➔ A basketball game is divided into four
quarters, each lasting 12 minutes at the
professional level.
➔ In college and high school basketball, the
quarters are typically shorter.
➔ The game clock stops during timeouts,
free throws, and certain other situations.
Violations vs. Foul
Violations
● are rule infractions that do not involve
physical contact with an opposing player.
Traveling: A player takes more than two steps
without dribbling the ball.
Double dribble: A player dribbles the ball with both
hands at the same time or stops dribbling and
then starts again.
Out-of-bounds: A player steps out-of-bounds or
touches the ball while out-of-bounds.
3-second violation: An offensive player remains in
the key (restricted area) for more than three
seconds.
5-second violation: An offensive player takes
more than five seconds to inbound the ball.
Fouls
● are physical infractions that involve
contact with an opposing player.
Charging: A player runs into an opponent who has
established a legal defensive position.
Blocking: A defensive player makes contact with
an offensive player who is in the act of shooting.
Holding: A player impedes the progress of an
opponent by grabbing, holding, or otherwise
restraining them.
Illegal screens: A player sets a screen that is too
aggressive or moves while setting a screen.
Flagrant fouls: A foul that involves excessive
contact, such as hitting or striking an opponent,
can be called a flagrant fouls
Basic Skills and Techniques in Basketball
❖ Dribbling Defense
❖ Passing Footwork
❖ Shooting
❖ Rebounding
VOLLEYBALL
➔ Game played by two teams, usually of six
players on a side, in which the players use
their hands to bat a ball back and forth
over a high net, trying to make the ball
touch the court within the opponents'
playing area before it can be returned.
Volleyball Equipment
★ Net Posts
★ Antenna Ball
The Number of Players
➔ In general, teams must have at least 6
players to start the match, and at least 6
eligible players (substitution players, or
"subs") to play the match.
➔ There are 6 players on court for each team
during the match. In FIVB rules, a team may
have up to 14 players in total.
A single point is scored by a team when
➔ That team successfully grounds the ball
on the opponent's court, within the
defined space including when any part of
the ball touches any of the side or end
lines (in other words, the lines are
considered "in").
➔ When the opponent team commits a fault
(an action going against the rules).
➔ When the opponent team receives a
penalty. If the serving team wins a rally, it
scores a point and continues to serve.
Playing Format
To score a point: A team scores a point
successfully grounding the ball on the opponent's
court, when the opponent team commits a fault
and when the opponent team receives a penalty.
To win a set: A set is won by the team which first
scores 25 points with a minimum lead of two
points. In case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until
a two-point lead is achieved.
To win the match: The match is won by the team
that wins three sets in case of a 2-2 tie the
deciding set (the 5th) is played to 15 points with a
minimum lead of two points.
Basic Rules: Playing the Ball
Team Hits
➔ The team is entitled to a maximum of three
hits for returning the ball. If more are used,
the team commits the fault of four hits.
Consecutive Contacts
➔ A player may not hit the ball two times
consecutively.
Basic Rules: Characteristics of the Hit
➔ The ball may touch any part of the body.
➔ The ball must not be caught and/or thrown.
It can rebound in any direction.
Faults in Playing the Ball
FOUR HITS: a team hits the ball four times before
returning it.
ASSISTED HIT: a player takes support from a
team-mate or any structure/object in order to hit
the ball within the playing area.
CATCH: the ball is caught and/or thrown; it does
not rebound from the hit
DOUBLE CONTACT: a player hits the ball twice in
succession or the ball contacts various parts of
his/her body in succession.
Player’s Fault at the Net
➔ A player touches the ball or an opponent in
the opponent's space before or during the
opponent's attack hit.
➔ A player interferes with the opponent's play
while penetrating into the opponent's
space under the net.
➔ A player's foot (feet) penetrates
completely into the opponent's court.
Structure of Play: Toss
➔ Before the match, the first referee carries
out a toss to decide upon the first service
and the side of the courts in the first set.
➔ If a deciding is to be played, a new toss will
be carried out.
➔ The toss is taken in the presence of the
two team captains and the winner of the
toss chooses either the right to serve or to
receive the service or the side of the
court.
Structure of Play: Team Starting Line-Up
➔ There must always be six players per team
in play and the team's starting line-up
indicates the rotational order of the
players on the court.
➔ This order must be maintained throughout
the set.
Structure of Play: Positions
➔ At the moment the ball is hit by the server,
each team must be positioned within its
own court in the rotational order.
➔ The three players along the net are
front-row players and occupy the positions
4, 3 and 2.
➔ The other three are back-row players
occupying positions 5, 6 and 1.
Player Service Rotation And Positioning Rules
➔ Each team has 6 players on the court at
any one time.
➔ It is critical to note that when a team is
serving, the players of each team must be
in their zones. After the service hit, the
players may move around and occupy any
position on their court and the free zone.
➔ If the serving team wins the rally and
maintains the serve, the players on each
team MUST go back to their original zones
for the service (then are able to move
again).
The seven basic skills of volleyball are:
★ Forearm passing (also known as bumping)
★ Volleying
★ Setting
★ Digging
★ Attacking
★ Blocking
★ Serving
SOCCER
➔ On some continents, the game is called
football; on others, it's called soccer.
➔ Other names for the sport include: footy,
fitba, fútbol, calcio, futebol, voetbol, le
foot, foci, sakka, and bong da.
Basic Rules and Guidelines
➔ A soccer game starts with a coin toss.
➔ The captain of the away team calls heads
or tails, and the winning captain gets to
choose whether their team will take the
first kickoff.
➔ A kick off is taken to start a game, to
restart play after a goal has been scored or
to start the second half or a new quarter.
★ In the second half, the kickoff is
taken by the side that did not take it
in the first.
Players
➔ Each team consists of 11 soccer players,
one of which is the goalkeeper.
➔ A game is split into two 45-minute halves,
with a break in between for halftime.
Basic Soccer Formations
★ Forwards/Attackers(offense)
★ Defenders
★ Midfielders
★ Goalie
Basic Soccer Rules
No hands
➔ The goalkeeper (goalie) is the only player
on the field who can use their hands.
➔ All other players must use their feet, head,
or chest to control the ball.
➔ If the player touches the ball, it's
considered a handball and a foul.
Throw-ins
➔ When the ball goes out of bounds on the
sidelines, the team who didn't touch it last
gets to throw the ball back into play.
No time limit for possession
➔ There is no time limit on how long a team
can keep the ball.
The clock doesn't stop
➔ The game clock does not stop, even if the
ball goes out of bounds or there is an injury
➔ Stoppage time
Basic Soccer Rules: Goal kicks and Corner Kicks
➔ When the ball goes out of bounds behind
the goal line (not resulting in a goal), the
goalkeeper of the team who didn't touch
it last gets to kick the ball back into play.
➔ If the ball goes out of bounds on the
sideline in front of the goal, the team who
didn't touch it last gets a corner kick.
Direct and Indirect Kicks
Direct kick - is a kick that goes directly into the
goal without another player touching it.
Indirect kick - is when another player must touch
the ball before it can go into the goal.
Offside
➔ The offside rule is one of the most
misunderstood rules in soccer.
➔ The basic idea is that a player cannot be in
an advantageous position when the ball is
played to them.
➔ Being in an offside position is not in itself
an offense.
➔ An offside offense occurs when a player is
in the opponent's half of the field and
closer to their goal than both the ball and
the second-to-last opponent.
Soccer rules regarding fouls and penalties
★ Tripping
★ Pushing
★ Holding an opponent
★ Hitting
★ Kicking
★ Spitting on an opponent
★ Tackling from behind
★ Charging into an opponent
★ Touching the ball with your hands (if you
aren't the goalkeeper)
Referee
➔ A referee is in charge of the soccer game.
➔ A referee's main objective should be the
safety of the players.
➔ It is the referee's responsibility to ensure
that the game remains fun for everyone.
➔ This includes players, spectators and the
officials.
Linesmen
➔ Two linesmen may assist the referee in
controlling the game.
➔ The linesman's duty is to signal to the
referee when the ball is out; to indicate a
corner kick, a goal kick or to designate
which team is entitled to the throw-in.
➔ The linesmen may also signal offsides, fouls
or misconduct if a goal has been scored or
when substitution is desired.
Soccer rules regarding fouls and penalties
★ Tripping
★ Pushing
★ Holding an opponent
★ Hitting
★ Kicking
★ Spitting on an opponent
★ Tackling from behind
★ Charging into an opponent
★ Touching the ball with your hands
Yellow Card (Caution)
★ Excessive fouls
★ Unsportsmanlike behavior
★ Dissent by word or action
★ Delaying the game
★ Failing to respect the required distance on
a free kick
★ Entering or reentering the field of play
without the referee's permission
★ Leaving the playing field on purpose
without the referee's approval
★ Arguing with the referee
Red Card
★ Serious foul play
★ Violent conduct
★ Using offensive, insulting, or abusive
language
★ Receiving a second yellow card in one
game
Soccer rules regarding equipment
➔ Safety is essential. The players can't wear
anything dangerous and must remove all
jewelry.
➔ A player's compulsory equipment consists
of a shirt with sleeves, shorts, socks, shin
guards, and appropriate footwear.
➔ Colors distinguish teams. Each team
needs to wear colors that distinguish them
from each other. Goalkeepers must also
wear colors that are distinguishable from
the other players on the team.