Chapter 1 Motion (I)

1.1 Length and time

A Length
E.IE
1 metre
The SI unit of length is _______________, written as __________.
m
2 Prefixes can be added to form larger or smaller units of length:
1 nm = 10-9 m International Systemof Unit CSI Unit
EFP 41
time secondCs
103 m
1 mm = _______
length metre m
1 cm = 10-2 m mass
electric izi.iq
current
kilogram kg
ampere A
103 m
1 km = _______ temperature Kelvin K
p
amoutofsubstance mole mot
B Time IFyF luminousintensity
y TETE
candelaccd
1 The SI unit of time is _______________,
second written as __________.
s t
2 Prefixes can be added to form larger or smaller units of time: DSE 474711 FLESH
CBE.tktl3yiiFaal7
1 µs = 10-6 s
1 Day 067,78
am
hKhKUnH Prefix 8GHz 8 109Hz Kgb
thFk T Tera 10 m mill 10 3
24 60 60 103 s
1 ms = _______
3 Other common units of time:
e'S G giga 109
f f zYf M M micro 106 mhm
864005 mega106 n nano109 coookm
Go s
minute: 1 min = _______ to I YffFz k kilo 103 p pico 1012 1000 103
10 17
1091
Go 60
hour: 1 h = 60 min = _______´_______ s = _______ s
3600 k 464 Er44441M
I 129 6 3 3 b 9 iz
4 i The time for the response e.g 1000hm
Measuring time with a stop-watch involves human response.
1757
4k
1000
109
is called the human ____________
reaction time. Using a machine which takes measurements 9hm 9 110
automatically can avoid error due to this. 3km M 9 10 m
3 103M
x to
Checkpoint 1
10 1 9
Convert the units of the following lengths and times.
KEEFE t.EE
Scalar Vector
Hoo
(a) 2940 cm = __________ m
29.4 magnitudkh
direction Fisa x
(b) 6 700 00041000
m = __________
6700 km 4137
distance
6060
(c) 24 h = __________
86400 s
displaceme t Ek Example
speed velocity'EH
HKFaEEelerat
energy
4601.60 mass forcej
z
(d) 7200 s = __________ h temperature momentum
volume FEDIE

vector Ct forwardHITS
c I backward174
SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 1
 Magnitude t.li ktiI
EE'THE 3
1.2 Distance and displacement Direction 557
1 When you walk from a place to another, the journey can be described by using distance
and displacement.
d 201 20
4 yamaga
a.iqaaEuAEEEnE
ggy0
(a) Displacement
• the length and direction of the __________
mend straight
initial78845472
line pointing from the __________ position

final
to the __________ position
• A IE Kh
a vector quantity (with both ____________
magnitude
and ____________)
direction 17
• e.g. 172 m due north

d
(b) Distance i Fia FtEt HEE'THE
• the length of the ________ travelled along
path
start
• IIIEe
a scalar quantity (with ___________ only)
magnitude
• e.g. 347 m

Checkpoint 2
The figure below show the paths travelled by an object. Draw the displacement vector and
hence find the total displacement. 11
EE HEHE 3
final position tha 41 4 I E
displacements
i
1 1m N a3Fila x x
t t
3m initial EEx final
length
3m position position

initial position

Solution
7KYLIE
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
3
magnitude of the displacement Iy 1m

3m
=
11.21
32 113 5M
Using trigonometric ratio to find the direction of the displacement:
3m q
I
DEDE
tan q =
SHIFT tant HI
Þ q = 36.90
\ The total displacement is ___________________.
5 m N 36.90 E

SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 2
Checkpoint 3
A car travels 150 m due south. Then it travels 220 m
due west and finally travels 50 m due north.
(a) Find the total distance travelled by the car.
(b) Find the total displacement.

Solution
(a) Total distance travelled = 1501220
150 420M

(b) In the figure below, sketch the path of the car and label the distance in each part of it.
Hence sketch the displacement vector. N
A
w E
N

N
W E N E
W E position
initial g N W
50
iii Ss Ew
50M

220M
By Pythagoras’ theorem, Boitano
413
I
I's
magnitude of the displacement = 2202
1 11505072 242M
N

WIE
Using trigonometric ratio,

Tano Todo
5100
0 65.6
220
242M S65.60W
\ The total displacement of the car is ___________________________.

SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 3
 KEITH HETE A'EKE
1.3 Speed, velocity and acceleration distance
A Speed EEK taffy speed time
1 Speed = ___________________
distancetravelled per unit time V
2 Speed is a _______________
scalar quantity (with magnitude only).

3 The SI unit of speed is _____________________,

metre second
per
written as ____________.
Mst 9
4
kmht
Another common unit of speed is kilometer per hour, written as ____________.

110
Checkpoint 4
Convert the units of the following speeds.
110kmht 119kWh 100605
60
Ej 1ha 45110km
30.65
110 km
(a) 110 km h-1 = = 110 1000 m = __________
30,6 m s-1
1h Go Go s

(b) 15 m s-1 =
15in okmT
1
= __________ km h-1
54
P 6060h
t.glstgyl5m
B Velocity TEFL displacement
velocity mu
1 Velocity = ___________________ per unit time
displacement 4 times
m s or m5
2 Velocity is a _______________
vector quantity (with both magnitude and direction).
e.g. 15 m s-1 due east

A HIT 17
C Instantaneous and average
1 When you walk from a place to another, you may sometimes walk faster and
sometimes walk slower along the journey. You may also change your direction of
travel. The following terms can be used to describe the situation.

EEEatt IEEE Ek't t 100m

Instantaneous speed = speed at any instant
50 5am
10s
Los 305
AEI.tl tiEkfE IeTE at any instant
Exit
Instantaneous velocity = velocity q
LETHE travelled
15 distance
total
FIF Ek.iq
Average speed =
total time of travelHE.atEEy of
sea E f
Average velocity =
4 57
total displacement EE.IEiEExEa.F
total time of travelEEa4
a
17

SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 4
Checkpoint 5
Johnny starts walking towards the east from A at time t = 0. He first walks at a constant Eti
speed of 5 km h-1 for 1 h to reach B, and then walks at a constant speed of 3 km h-1 for 2 h
to reach C.
east
to th te th
A 5 km h-1 B
C
p h-1
E 3h 3 km
2
Complete the table below. Write your steps Peak
if necessary.

(a) Instantaneous speed at t = 30 min

5 km h l V E 7 91 1.39ms
(b) Instantaneous velocity at t = 30 min
mm 5 km ht due east 1 39m51 toeast
(c) Instantaneous speed at t = 2 h 0
3km ht V dq 3,47 0833m51

(d) Instantaneous velocity at t = 2 h

3km htduewest V0.833me towest
5 1,132 3.67Ianht y 5 1 3
(e) Average speed from t = 0 to t = 3 h 1 2 211000
02m51
1216060 1
(f) Average velocity from t = 0 to t = 3 h 3 2,152 32 5
1 0.33kmhtduewest 11100 1112
60 60
0.0926ms
Checkpoint 6 duewest
i.EKEF.EU
A car enters a roundabout at P at time t = 0. It then travels
k
0
in the roundabout at a constant speed of 8 m s-1 and back
to P at t = 10 s.
(a) Compare the instantaneous velocity at t = 2.5 s
Iss
and t = 7.5 s. i P
(b) Find the average speed and average
velocity from t = 0 to t = 10 s. fess
Solution V 8 0ms I X
(a) The instantaneous velocities at t = 2.5 s and t = 7.5 s have the same / different
Kil but the same / different directions.
magnitudes
opposite
f
m 51
(b) The average speed from t = 0 to t = 10 s is ________________________.

The average velocity from t = 0 to t = 10 s is ________________________.

Zero

SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 5
Checkpoint 7
Paul drives at 50 km h-1 due south for 30 min and then at 30 km h-1 due east for 20 min.
Find the average speed and the average velocity during the journey.

Solution
v a Direction
Magnitude
Sketch the path of the journey in the space below.
N

V initial position W E

t 50kmht displacements
D v
3 min
30kmh 2omin min hour
kmh it
Distance travelled in the first 30 min =
vf 50 x 30460 25km
Distance travelled in the next 20 min =
VE 30X Lo'TGo 10km
Total time of travel = 30 20 50min Magnitudeoftheaveragevelocity

2510
0.83333hour
101
252
Average speed
E tang
42km h 0 21.80 1 32.3km ht
i Theaveragevelocity Is 32.3Kenht S 21.80 E
COS
97
25
2 Note that 21.80
• The magnitude of instantaneous velocity is always equal to / different from the
instantaneous speed.
x
•
7127213 A
An object moving at a constant speed must / may not have a constant velocity.
x
• I 51477velocity,
If an object moves at a constant 72 Fk
EkFLit is in uniform motion.
z Its average L
velocity is then equal to / different from its instantaneous velocity.

DREIER
D Acceleration Ca
Cms2 Ey LIFEA77k 55
1 Acceleration = ________________________ per unit time 454k 45173
change in velocity
2 Acceleration is a _______________ quantity (with both magnitude and direction).
vector
3 2
The SI unit of acceleration is metre per second squared, written as ____________.
MS
4 F IFacceleration
Average 172K = FE total change in velocity
finalvelocity Initialvelocity
total time of travel
KATE aEH
z
SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS iz a
6
a
V
u
a
Boy is Is
 initial a lo m s v o
velocity Ek Do
I
A 1
5 Acceleration is not zero when any of the following occurs:
Eo E to
O
(a) Change in speed
Eg
g VII I 1ms
It'FE
1m52

e.g. speeding up or slowing down

(b) Change in _______________________

direction
e.g. turning a corner with a constant speed
a O
initialvelocity finalvelocity
a 5m15 V tomb
24k speedEk II
Is direction2K51
MIDDLE
To a Do
1 I The acceleration of the car
a.EE FIFEtFkEEh
to Telos is not zero even if it moves
m5 with a constant speed. e.g a 3m52
1m52
V U 10 5 Dr3 t BE IEEE
a L 0.5ms
To a co
s LET LIFE1 IT ro 5m5 IT E Ek
6 An object decelerates when it _________________.
slows down In this case, the ‘deceleration’ of
the object is taken as the ______________ of the acceleration of the object.
magnitude

Checkpoint 8
A leopard sees a goat and runs towards it along a
straight path. It starts from rest and reaches a velocity
of 70 km h-1 in 2 s. Find the magnitude of its average
acceleration. Express your answer in m s-2.

Solution
Magnitude of average acceleration
total change in velocity
= U U
=
total time of travel
T
if o
9 72m52
T

SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 7
 1.4 Motion along a straight line
1 When the motion along a straight line is considered, the direction of a vector can be
represented by ________ or ________ signs.

Checkpoint 9
Janice starts walking from A at time t = 0. She first walks 20 m towards the east in 10 s to

0
reach B, and then walks 24 m towards the east in 8 s to reach C. Finally she walks at a
constant speed of 1 m s-1 to go back to B.

peg east
1 m s-1

X A 20 m
ios X B 24 m C
(a) Take the direction towards the east as positive. Find the displacement, time of travel and
velocity in each part of the journey. Complete the table below with appropriate steps.
Displacement Time of travel Velocity
+ 20
From A to B +20 m 10 s = +2 m s-1
10

From B to C 2
124M 85 13ms1
k
24Mfeud 41 245
From C to B
4 mst
Whole journey 120 10.476ms1
120M 425 42
(b) If the direction towards the west is taken as positive, the ________________
displacement and

timeoftravel
__________________ in (a) will change their signs while the ________________ will
velocity
remain unchanged.

Checkpoint 10
A ball is thrown upwards and then drops back to
speed
the ground. The figure shows the path of the ball. B
speed = 8 m s-1
A
The ball first passes A at 12 m s-1 and then passes = 12 m s-1
B at 8 m s-1 after 2 s. Find the average
acceleration of the ball from A to B.

Solution
Take the upward direction as positive.
Average acceleration = 812 10m52
2
\ The average acceleration of the ball from A to B is _________________________.
10m52 downwards
SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 8
 Checkpoint 11
A car travels along a straight road as shown. Take the direction to the right as positive.

v = -2 m s-1
a = +1 m s-2

The car has a uniform acceleration of +1 m s-2. It has a velocity of -2 m s-1 at the moment
shown. Describe the subsequent motion of the car.

Solution
The car is moving to the left / right at the moment shown. It speeds up / slows down and
finally travels in the _______________ direction.
opposite

2 Note that

• When a is +ve, the object must be / may not be moving towards the +ve direction.

• When a is -ve, the object must be / may not be slowing down.

• When a and v have the same sign, the object is speeding up / slowing down.
When a and v have have opposite signs, the object is speeding up / slowing down.

EEE

Force Motion'Re K
displacemftIIEE Fx 572
4143 s fit 141 Gaff12.437514 I x
tim
ftp 0 tE2FEIH7EIE5Fc'EEEsfI
velocity
Etta VAAIIAattk.EE DFsk7
acceleration
a a 477 HER thatB'T
sink.TK E Anza EKEE.EE vA7iH7
Dr'Ek
AHAHA It h 7 E
AAA'T ftp.IFENG.tt Efx DiEtEk
That't
SLCSS_PHYS_FORCE_CH1_WS 9