Constantes Ecuaciones Química Masas atómicas

NA = 6,022·1023 mol–1 M(H) = 1,008 g/mol; M(He) = 4,002 g/mol

kB = 1,381·10-23 J K–1
c = 2,9979·108 m s-1
RH = 2,179·10-18 J = 1,09678·107 m-1
F = e NA = 96485,34 C mol–1
h = 6,626·10-34 J s = 6,626·10-27 erg s
e = 1,602·10-19 C = 4,803·10-10 uec
1eV = 1,602·10-19 J
ε0 = 8,854·10-12 C2m-1J-1
Unidades de presión
1 Pa = 1 kg m–1 s–2 = 1 N m–2 = 1 J m–3
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101325 Pa = 1,01325 bar
1 bar = 105 Pa = 105 J m–3 = 0,986923 atm
Constante de los gases M(Li) = 6,941 g/mol; M(Be) = 9,012 g/mol
R = 0,08206 atm L K–1 mol–1 M(B) = 10,811 g/mol; M(C) = 12,011 g/mol
R = 0,08314 bar L K–1 mol–1 M(N) = 14,007 g/mol; M(O) = 15,999 g/mol
R = 8,314 J K–1 mol–1 M(F) = 18,998 g/mol; M(Ne) = 20,180 g/mol
Masas M(Na) = 22,990 g/mol; M(Mg) = 24,305 g/mol
me = 9,1094·10-31 kg M(Al) = 26,981 g/mol; M(Si) = 28,085 g/mol
mp = 1,6726·10-27 kg M(P) = 30,974 g/mol; M(S) = 32,066 g/mol
mn = 1,6749·10-27 kg M(Cl) = 35,453 g/mol; M(Ar) = 39,948 g/mol
M(K) = 39,098 g/mol; M(Ca) = 40,078 g/mol
M(Br) = 79,904 g/mol; M(I) = 126,904 g/mol

Líquidos y sólidos Ec. de estado 27𝑅𝑅 2 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐 2

2 𝑎𝑎 =
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑃𝑃 + 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 � 2 𝑉𝑉 − 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 64𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐
𝑃𝑃𝑣𝑣,2 Δ𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝐻𝐻 1 1 𝑉𝑉
ln = − 𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐
𝑃𝑃𝑣𝑣,1 𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇1 𝑇𝑇2 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴 = 𝜒𝜒𝐴𝐴 𝑃𝑃 𝑏𝑏 =
8𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐
Termodinámica
𝜋𝜋 = 𝑀𝑀𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 = −𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉
𝑃𝑃=𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
W = −P∆𝑉𝑉 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴 = 𝜒𝜒𝑎𝑎 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴∗
Δ𝑇𝑇𝑏𝑏 = 𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑇=𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴 = 𝐾𝐾𝐻𝐻 𝑃𝑃𝐴𝐴
𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 = −𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉 W = −𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛(𝑉𝑉2 ⁄𝑉𝑉1 ) Δ𝑇𝑇𝑓𝑓 = −𝐾𝐾𝑓𝑓 𝑚𝑚
𝛿𝛿𝑄𝑄𝑝𝑝 = 𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑇𝑇
𝛿𝛿𝑄𝑄𝑣𝑣 = 𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣,𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑇𝑇
1 𝜕𝜕𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 + 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 = −𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑉𝑉 + 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 ⇒ ∆𝑈𝑈 = 𝑊𝑊 + 𝑄𝑄 𝛼𝛼(𝑇𝑇, 𝑃𝑃) =
𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝜕𝜕𝑇𝑇 𝑃𝑃
𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒. ; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 > (𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒. ) 1 𝜕𝜕𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇 𝜅𝜅 𝑇𝑇, 𝑃𝑃 = 𝛽𝛽(𝑇𝑇, 𝑃𝑃) = −
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣,𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑; 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝,𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑; 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝 − 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 = 𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 𝜕𝜕𝑃𝑃 𝑇𝑇
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝
𝛾𝛾 = ; 𝑇𝑇𝑉𝑉 𝛾𝛾−1 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐; 𝑃𝑃𝑉𝑉 𝛾𝛾 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 − 𝐶𝐶𝑉𝑉 = + 𝑃𝑃
∆𝐺𝐺 = ∆𝐻𝐻 − 𝑇𝑇∆𝑆𝑆 𝜕𝜕𝑉𝑉 𝑇𝑇
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑃𝑃

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 − 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + � 𝜇𝜇𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑃𝑃

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
=−
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜇𝜇 = = 𝐺𝐺𝑚𝑚 = 𝜇𝜇0 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑖𝑖 𝑆𝑆 𝑉𝑉 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑇𝑇,𝑃𝑃
𝑃𝑃0
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜇𝜇 = 𝜇𝜇0 + 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚 ∆𝑃𝑃
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 + 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 + � 𝜇𝜇𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 =
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑆𝑆
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑃𝑃
𝑖𝑖
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 − 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 + � 𝜇𝜇𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 =
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑇𝑇
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑉𝑉
𝑖𝑖 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
=−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 + 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 + � 𝜇𝜇𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑇𝑇
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑃𝑃
𝑖𝑖