LESSON 3 - PRESENT PERFECT TENSES

I. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

 Form:

(+) S + have / has + V3 /ed

(-) S + have / has + NOT+ V3 /ed
 Usage: (?) (Wh- Word) + have / has + S + V3 /ed?

- to express completion or continuation

- to express experiences or something
which happened without definite time
- to express a result

 Tense markers:
 since / for (for ages = for a long time)
- since + definite time (September, 3 o’clock, I was young/ 20…)
- for + a period of time (9 months, 3 hours, 20 years…)

 still / yet
- I still haven’t finished my homework. = I have still not finished my homework.
= I haven’t yet finished my homework. = I have yet to finish my homework.
- I haven’t finished my homework yet./ Have you finished your homework yet?

 just /already:
- We have just returned from America.
- She has already left for Korea. = She has left for Korea already.

 lately = recently / recent

- She hasn’t been seen recently / lately. - I have recently moved to this area.

 several times (some times) / 5 times / twice…

- I have talked to our chairman several times.

 by far = so far = up to now = up to the present = until now = yet

- She has been the best by far. = So far, she has been the best.

 never ….. before / ever

-Have you ever drunk beer? / I have never flown before.

 over / in / for /during/ within/ throughout + the past/ the last + a period of time
- I haven’t travelled over / in / for.... the last 2 years.