USHA MITTALINSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY

S. N.D. T. Women's University,

Juhu Campus, Santacruz (W), Mumbai - 400 049

Certiticate
Ths io to certity that Miss AVantika Ro Kadav
of (ST-2 Class Roll ho. 2l12068
Eram ho. has perfarmed the
Experinents meationed in the fowrmal dwring the year
20 22 20 23 and kas duccessfally completed
all the oraetieals ie the subjeet Diqita elecinonils.
lab)
y the Univeroity.
Aregenibed
o122

PRACTICAL IN-CHARGE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

DATE DATE

PRINCIPAL
 ISHA MITTAL INSTITUrE OFTECHNOLOGY
INDEX

Sr.No. PARTICULARS DATE REMARK SIGN.

TO S4udy hasic qa1es

TO. study Universal
un sa qate 26]0e|22
implementatton Of basic and sogl22
uniiersal 4ates
attal adder ¢ ful adder 22og)22

AHalt 5uhstracton full 23 oq|22

subairatoy

KeNen Seqment deroden 29]ogi22

multípleKer

DemuitipleAn
BD counter lozol22
1loj22
4lop
 EXfERIMEN NO- 1
TO STUDY BASIC AND UNIVERSAL
GATES
AND

ExpNo
NoT
Aim
NoR
NAND
|Apporatu
Ex-NoR i74 72 66

rheony
(ii)

IIt:)=AND

OR qat
)Anu

high
 Exp No.1 To
To sBudy basic qites and univer 9al qates
Aim TO
TO
Studs bas iC qates and universal qates

ADRAtatus Bread board, Connect ing wires, LED, Supply1c1

irheonyiQAND qate
) AND qate has One or MOre inputs
inputs but
but only one output
It has boDlean expression4s AB
ji) it prndutes high autput anly Lf ai 4ne inpuisare
hiqh else otput remains low.
i) AND expression is denoted bs Siqn
() sym bnl of AND qate

(V) TrUth table for AND qate

A8

OR qatei
Any oR aa te has tuoo or more nputs hiuk only one output
produces high out put if ans one or bodh inpu1s
hihigh and produtes 1o0 output if both inpuis are lou)
am
FOR EDUCATIONAL USE
1) AND qate : 13 |2

A B A*B (i)
(iv)

4 5 6

2) OR qate Ve |4 13 12

A B A+B

4 5 6
6NOT

(v)
 tiù) OR operation is
cpresenled by t siqn
(i) Theoqical sumbol for oR operation is

(V) Boolean expression for aß gate is, y=

4s AtB.
Truth able on oR qate
A B AtB
1

NOT qate
ONor qate has onls one input and one oudput
O E qeneraies high oudpu4 ushen inpud is lou
(1) lt poduCes Iow otpud uohen inp4 high
W The symbol for Nof gate is

oolean expres<ion for Nof gate is y=A

v Truth table for NOf qote is

m
FOR EDUCATIONAL USE
NOT gate ; Ve
(0e-OR
A y=A
L
poperEy
are di£fer
(U) surn
2 5 6
3

13 12 1
(H) The
A y= AB

2 3

procedu

) conr
and

outp
('v) Rer

ResuE
 EX-OR qate :
t
LR-OR qate may have two or more tnput and one output
poperty Of EX-OR qate is ouLput is nigh ony if bolh inpuK

D_sym bol for fx-OR qate

ADB

(A) The truth table for Ex-oR qate is

A B AB

0 Mournt the lc on breadboard.

() Conn ect woc pins teto to termingls af pauDer supply
and cal5o tD aend
Giye inet o thmugh firsi dwo terminals eonnec Lep (o
outpaf
) Repeat the abOYe 9tepS tor al TC3

ReSult phus we naVe sludied basIC qates.

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE

xPERIMENT NO-2
TO STUDY UNIE R3AL GATES_
 EXP NO. 2- TO Gtudy uniye rsal gtes

Alm: To Sudy univesal qaLes.

1C44,
ApraratiU3: Breadboard, conneclling wires, LCp 5upply
ICA4O0, C9432, 1ClUO8, 1CIUO

oru: 0NAND gates

Theoriy
NAND qabe i5 AND qate and followed by Nor aaie
()
qate s connecBed at he end o (output
ie ohen NoT
qate
OF ) AND gate we get NAND
May have tu0 Or nMYe inputs bul has ony
0 NAND gate
One otpul. Qutpul
he inpuB is lou), IE produces hiah
JAlhen any o
lou Outpt inc/it onls oben all its inpat
and it poduceg
are high
Sumbol Of NAND qate is

NAND qate i5 ss A-B.

Boolean eXpression for
Cqte s
Y Truh tabo for AAND
A B

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE

m
 qote (lC 9U00)
94Oo)
ND
" NAND
|2
N

NOT

2)
and

2 3 4 OrND

NoR gate (tc A402)

13 12

IC 9402

2 4

ProcE

ar
 NOR Gate:
NOR gcate i5 OR gate followed py NOT
NOT qate
gate je u0hen
NOT Qate 5 cOnnede cd Qt olput of OR oqate
NOR gate must hae twwo or more inputs but single output
e) When any one of the inputs is hiqh it poduces iou ouLpu
Land it pduces high output cwhen both inpuds are l00
s) Sumbol ot NOR qate is

Y= A-B

B00lean expressinn of NDR qate is y= A+B

Truth table far NOR qate

B A+B y= AtB

Procedure:
) MOUnt the le on bread boarcl
ConnecE the Vee Bp to C to terminals of power suppls
and due to ground terminals Connect LeD oudpuat
first tuwo
Give input though
FOR EDUCATIONAL USE
 Kepeat the above slepsfor all Te's
gates
Resulti Thus we aáMe studied universal
EXPERIMENTNO-3
TMPIENENTAIION OF BASIC GATES
USTNG ONVERSAL GATE

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE

 universoal qotes
implenent basiC qates Using
Ain: To

Basic qates using NAND qate

Daqram NAND qate
() NOT oate using
= A
y=
2

(n AND qote using NAND gate

4= A B = A-B
(1) OR qate using NAND qate
A

6
4- A+8
 EXPERINENT NO.-3

AlM: To innplement basiC gates using universal qates

APPARATUS! Bradboard, connecting oires, LED, Power 3uppl4

THEORY Basic qates using NAND gale

) NOT qate using NAND aate 0=L A
4 O.0 =
let A=0
A=L

) AND gate using NAND 4ate

(1)
ie. A-B
DuAput of first NAND gate is
isÀ B
Dutput Df Second NAND aate
CCOrding to De- Morgans 5econd theoren
A
ÀB=Â+B
AB
toemoran's frst theorem
According
AB=A:B
AtB= AB

() OR qate using NAND gate NoT qates and provide

ust twwo NAND qates act as
A and B Qutpt 0f thid NAND gate
the output
5econd tr
second theorem
ACcording to de-moYqon's
A.B z A+B =A+B

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE

am
 Basic qates us ing NOR qahes
B
) NOT qate using NOR 4ate
NOT

y= A tA =A

)
AND qote using NOR qate

A A

(1)
qoie using NOR
qate
2
A

A+B A +B
 fasic gates usng NOR qate
NOT qate usin NOR qale
let A =0
4= It) = = 0= A

() AND qate usinq NOR ate

ist two NOR aa tes act as NOr qateS and orovide
AtB
and A output of third NOR qate is
ACordin to De-Margan's first tticorems
A+B = A.B
A+B=
ACCOdinq to De-moraan's second theorems:

NAND and NDR qares Can ne used to hild ans basic qates
tD
hence onls NAND gatesor onl4 DR 4ates arn suffident
qates
build any 1ogir qatenuit. The refore NAND and NOR
arp called as Uanersal buildin blotk on universad gater

Pmcedure:
1. Mount TC400 on bread boArd positive
and connect
neqaire terminal
terminal a4 p0wer supply topin lh and
Of pin 1 COnnectiong as per the
2. Construct a NoT qaLe h4 Makin
iagrom draun.
Eive diftereut conabinaions o inputsaatfrom
NoT gate
and verify tae tutn table of

FOR EDUCATIONAL USE

m
 4.
Compae it cwith the observotion tabie
similarls; construct AND gale and oR qate
6. check Output of different comhina tions of inputs and
sleriky the tnth table.
TC 402 to costnach NoT, OR, and AND gate
and Venfy he tnth table

Result:
Ther fore wghave studied to impeMent hasic qaies using
universal qates